0114人教版八年级上册英语各单元语法.doc

_一 复合不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词，它们有some, any, much, many等以及由every-, some-, any-, no-加上-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词。下面我们主要学习有关复合不定代词的内容。1、复合不定代词的分类指物：everything, something, anything, nothing指人：everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody everyone, someone, anyone, no one2、复合不定代词的用法1. some-类的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。如：There is somebody at the door.  any-类的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用于肯定句或条件从句中，表示“任何东西；任何人”。如：There isn't anything in the box.Did you see anybody there?If anybody comes here, please ask him to wait.2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Everybody knows he sings well.3. 复合不定代词若有定语(形容词或不定式)修饰时，定语要放在其后。如：There's nothing new about this. I want something to eat.【运用】单项选择1. Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing?_! He learned singing by himself.A. Everybody       B. Somebody    C. Nobody2. There is _ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.A. anything        B. something        C. nothing3. I always believe that _ is difficult if we try our best to do it.A. something              B. anything        C. everything                  D. nothing4. Would you please tell me _ in today's newspaper?Sorry, I haven't read it yet.A. something important    B. important something C. anything important    D. important anything5. Is there _ in today's newspaper?Yes. A terrible accident happened in Hubei.A. special something        B. anything special      C. something special6. When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say _.A. everything                  B. nothing C. something                  D. anything二 频度副词频度副词表示事情发生的频率。常见的频度副词有always, sometimes, hardly ever, usually, often, never等。常见的频度副词的频率大小如图所示： 频度副词的位置: 频度副词通常放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，但有些频度副词如sometimes，often等位置比较灵活，还可以放在句首或句尾。如：David usually gets home at about this time. My sister doesn't always read in the library.(注意：always 与not连用，表示部分否定，意为“并非总是”。若要表示全部否定，应用never。)My father sometimes / often works at the weekend.Sometimes / Often my father works at the weekend.My father works at the weekend sometimes / often. 当对频度副词及表示事件发生频率的短语提问时，常用how often，意为“多久一次”。如：·Bill never goes to the cinema.  (对划线部分提问)  How often does Bill go to the cinema?·I wash my clothes three times a week.  (对划线部分提问)How often do you wash your clothes?1. The teacher hardly gives us a test._ _ _ the teacher give you a test?2. I never get up before five oclock?_ _ do you get up before five oclock?3. Li Tao often has rice for lunch._ _ Li Tao often _ for lunch?4. I usually read English in the morning._ _ you usually _ in the morning?5. My mother goes to see my grandparents twice a month. _ _ _ your mother _ to see your grandparents?. 汉译英1. 这个女孩总是非常高兴。_2. 埃里克(Eric)多久打扫一次房间？_三 形容词、副词的原级和比较级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。本单元我们主要学习形容词、副词的原级和比较级的构成及其用法。 原级形容词、副词的原级即原形。1. 原级可用于句型“主语+ be / 行为动词+ as + 形容词 / 副词原形+ as +比较对象.”，该句型表示两者在某一方面相同。当表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，常用句型“主语+ be + not + as / so + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象.”或“主语+ don't / doesn't / didn't + 行为动词原形+ as / so +副词原形+ as +比较对象.”。如：This dress is as beautiful as that one.Tom isn't as / so tall as me.2. 原级前可用very，quite，too等副词修饰。如：I'm very hungry. 比较级构成一形容词比较级的变化1. 规则变化（1）在形容词后直接加-er。如：tall-taller，short-shorter等。（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的只需在末尾加-r。如：nice-nicer，large-larger等。（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要先把y变成i，然后再加-er。如：heavy-heavier，happy-happier等。（4）若以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，然后再加-er。如：fat-fatter，hot-hotter等。（5）多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加more。如：careful-more careful，athletic-more athletic等。2. 不规则变化good /well-better bad /badly-worse many /much-more few /little-less二形容词比较级的用法在描述单个的某人或某物所具有的特征时，需要用形容词原级形式，当把两者进行比较时，就用比较级，常见的表示这类用法的句型有：1.“A+be+比较级+than+B”表示“A在某方面超过B”。如：This book is dearer than that one. 这本书比那本书贵2.“Which /Who(se)+be+比较级, A or B?”意思是“A和B，哪个更.”。如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球，哪个更大？Whose bag is heavier, yours or mine? 谁的包重些，你的还是我的？3.“A+be+the+比较级+of the two()”意思是“A是两者中较.的一个。”这时前面一定要加the，表示特指。如：Lily is the taller of the twins. 莉莉是双胞胎中个子较高的那个。三常与比较级连用的词1. 前面可以加上a little，a lot，much，even，still等程度副词作修饰语。如：She is much more careful than her brother. 她比她哥哥细心多了。2. 前面还可以加表示数量、倍数的修饰语。如：My brother is two years older than I. 我哥哥比我大两岁。This room is twice bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。. 单项选择1. Lisa was still very weak (虚弱的) when she left hospital. But after a week's rest, she felt much _ and went back to school.A. good                        B. better  C. bad                          D. worse2.  Liu Li is _ than the other students in my class.A. popular                   B. more popular   C. the most popular 3. This camera is too expensive. I'd like a _ one.A. cheap                    B. cheaper   C. cheapest               D. more expensive4. Look! This house is as _ as that one.A. the most beautiful     B. more beautiful C. beautiful5.   Alex did the project (项目) on community service _ better than his classmates.A. so                           B. very   C. too                         D. much. 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。1. tall _   _   2. late _  _ 2. big _   _       4. early _  _  5 relaxing _     _    6. much _ _ 7. far _ _               8. bad _ _ . 汉译英1. 谁唱歌唱得更好，你还是你妹妹？_2. 这件夹克衫没那件贵。_一用所给形容词的正确形式填空1. Who is _ _(outgoing), Sam or Tom?2. The strong young man looks very _(wild)3. Is Jack _(funny) than Bill?4. Her illness was _ _(serious) than the doctor first thought.5. I got _ (high) marks than my sister.二单项填空1. English is _than Japanese in China.A. popular B. popularer C. more popular D. much popular2. The two boys like sports very much. They are very _.A. unhealthy B. athletic C. more athletic D. healthier3. Mary is _ at English than her brother.A. better B. best C. good D. well4. The boy is _ than me, but he eats _than me.A. younger; more B. young ; much C. young; many D. more young ;more5. Lesson Ten is _than Lesson Nine.A. difficult B. more difficult C. difficulter D. very difficult三改为同义句1. Tom is 10 years old. Sam is 15 years old.Sam is _ _ Tom.Tom is _ _ Sam.2. My father is taller than my mother.My mother is _ _ my father.3. His bag is bigger than hers.Her bag isnt _ _ _ his.四 形容词、副词的最高级当三者或三者以上(人或物)进行比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时用最高级，最高级表示“最”。构成1.形容词最高级的构成（1）规则变化1)在形容词后直接加-est，如：tall-tallest，short-shortest 等。2)以不发音的字母e结尾的只需在末尾加-est，如：nice-nestest，large-largest等。3)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，要先把y变成i，然后再加-est，如：heavy-heaviest，happy-happiest。4)若以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，然后再加-est， 如：fat-fattest， hot-hottest等。5)多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加most。如：careful -most careful athletic-most athletic等。（2）不规则变化 good /well-best bad /badly -worst many /much -most little /few -least2.形容词最高级的用法 当需要对三者或三者以上的人事物进行比较，表示“最”的含义时，需要用形容词的最高级。在使用最高级时应注意以下几点：（1）最高级通常要加定冠词，但前面有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。如： Jim is Mikes best friend. 吉姆是迈克最好的朋友。（2）常与介词in或of引导的短语连用。in后面是比较范围，of后面是比较对象。如：She is the oldest of these children. 她是这些孩子中年龄最大的。 Lily is the youngest in her class. 莉莉在她班里年龄最小。（3）最高级前可用序数词，二者共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 黄河是中国的第二长的河。（4）最高级前可加one of ，即：one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示最.的之一。如：He is one of the smartest students in this school. 他是这所学校中最聪明的学生之一（5）有时被最高级修饰的名词前还可用不定冠词，但这时不含比较的意思，只是表示非常，很。如： Their performance was a greatest success. 他们的演出非常成功。一 单项填空1. I did all the work. I m _ of all.A. more tired B. the most tired C. tiredest D. tireder 2. Yesterday was not _than today . A. much hot B. more better C. the hotter D. hotter 3. Of the two American students, Emma is _one. I think you can find her easily. A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest 4. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ island in China. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large 5. Xian is one of _ capital _ in China. A. older ; city B. the older ; city C. oldest ; cities D. the oldest ; cities二 用所给形容词的适当形式填空1. The seats in the middle of the cinema are _ of all. (good)2. Of all the boys Tom spent _ time and made _ mistakes(错误).(little , few )3. Miss Li is one of _teachers in our school.(popular)4. Jim is _ than all the other students in the class. He is _ of all.(tall ). 单项选择1. Emma looked after her pet dog _ of all her friends. A. careful B. most careful C. more carefully D. the most carefully 2. The scarves (围巾) are all beautiful. I can't decide which one to choose.Oh, look at this red one. I think it's _.A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. less beautiful3. In North America, _ meat eaters are bears (熊) and mountain lions. They eat smaller animals such as rabbits and mice.A. smallest B. the smallest C. largest D. the largest4. It wasn't _ match, but at least we won! A. the most interesting B. more interesting C. interesting 5. He likes Sunday _ in a week because it is his happiest time to play football.A. better B. well C. best . 写出下列形容词或副词的最高级。1. wet _ 2. lucky _ 3. wonderful _ 4. far _ 5. fine _ 6. loudly _. 完成句子，每空一词。1. 这些夹克衫中，哪件最便宜？Which is _ _ _ the jackets?2. 这些男孩中，谁最不勤奋？Who is _ _ _ of these boys? 五 初识不定式不定式有两种形式：一种是带to的不定式，即to + 动词原形；一种是不带to的不定式，即动词原形。不定式(短语)在句中不能单独用作谓语，但可以用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。在本单元我们主要学习带to的不定式(短语)作宾语的用法。带to的不定式(短语)在句中可作宾语。如：Tina hopes to arrive at about 4 p.m.Peter expects to travel to Hong Kong.目前学过的可跟带to的不定式（短语）作宾语的动词有like, love, want, hope, wish, expect, decide, try, plan, forget, remember, start, help, need, learn, seem等。【运用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。1. 我弟弟昨天学游泳了。My brother _ _ _ yesterday.2. 她父母打算一周锻炼五次。Her parents _ _ _ five times a week.3. 那个小男孩想买一个新玩具。The little boy _ _ _ a new toy. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。1. I want to go fishing this weekend.  (改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ to go fishing this weekend?2. How do you like talk shows?  (改为同义句)_ _ you _ _ talk shows?3. Jenny likes this show because it's funny.  (对划线部分提问)_ _ Jenny _ this show?4. My father plans to go camping tomorrow.  (对划线部分提问)_ _ your father _ to _ tomorrow?六 be going to结构be going to结构可表示打算、计划做某事；也可表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某事。常和表示将来的时间状语next year, tomorrow, in the future, later on, in +时间段等连用。 结构：be going to后接动词原形，其中be根据主语的变化而变化。如：I am going to buy a bike next year.The wind is blowing hard. It's going to rain.They are going to visit the museum tomorrow. 否定式及疑问式：be going to结构的否定式是在be后面加not；疑问式是将be提到主语前面。如：Bob isn't going to drive to Beijing tomorrow morning.The Browns are going to move to their new house this weekend.  Are the Browns going to move to their new house this weekend? 【温馨提示】当be going to结构用于含时间状语从句的复合句中时，主句用 be going to结构，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如：Where are they going to live when they leave here?. 单项选择1. What's your plan for the new term?I _ a foreign language.A. will be learn         B. am going to learn C. learning 2. Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. I'm afraid it _.A. rains                    B. is going to rain C. rained                  D. was raining. 完成句子，每空词数不限。1. 明天我们不打算去看电影。We _ a film tomorrow.2. 你打算成为一名记者吗？_ a reporter?3. 当我长大后，我打算在广播电台工作。When I _, I _ at a radio station. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。1. Simon joined the sports club last month.  (用next month替换last month改写句子)Simon _ _ _ _ the sports club next month.2. My sister is going to work at the TV station.  (改为一般疑问句)_ your sister _ _ _ at the TV station?3.  Peter is going to be a worker after he finishes high school.  (对划线部分提问)_ _ Peter going to be a worker?4. The Millers are going to move to London.  (对划线部分提问)_ _ the Millers going to _?5. Mrs. Black's daughters want to be teachers.  (对划线部分提问)_ _ Mrs. Black's daughters _ to be?七 一般将来时 用法：通常表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语“in+时间段”, next week, tomorrow, later on等连用。 构成：由“助动词will+动词原形”构成。如：I will live in a different country. I wont arrive before 7:30.Will Mary be here next week?Yes, she will. / No, she wont.注意：对“in+时间段”进行提问时，要用how soon, 意为“多久以后”。如：Alice will go to work in a week.  How soon will Alice go to work?【拓展】there be句型的一般将来时: There will be . 表示“将有”。如：There will be more cars in the future.我们还学过There is / are going to be .，它也可表示“将有”。如：There is going to be a music festival tomorrow. 注意：There will be / There is / are going to be .中的be不能改为have。. 单项选择1. Have you finished the poster (海报) for the party?Not yet. I _ it in two days.A. finish           B. finished     C. will finish2. My aunt _ me to Europe for vacation next month.Have a good time!A. take            B. took          C. will take 3. I fell in love with (爱上) Shanghai on my first trip, so I decide I _ in it in 10 years.A. will live        B. lives     C. lived           D. has lived4. _ can you finish your homework?In about one and a half hours.A. How fast        B. How soon5. _ will the breakfast be ready?Just a minute.A. How much    B. How long C. How soon. 完成句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。1. I'll meet you at the hotel tomorrow.   (改为否定句)I _ _ you at the hotel tomorrow.2. The visitors will arrive before 2 o'clock.  (改为一般疑问句并补全肯定答语)_ the visitors _ before 2 o'clock?Yes, _ _. . 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。1. The students will have a party in the hall.  (改为一般疑问句并补全否定答语)_ the students _ a p