最新2020北师大版高中英语高考一轮复习第2部分-板块4-第2讲-并列句和状语从句.doc
精品资料2020北师大版高中英语高考一轮复习第2部分-板块4-第2讲-并列句和状语从句.第2讲并列句和状语从句全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1(2016·全国卷)In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.2(2016·全国卷)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.1并列连词(考查的重点：and，but，or，so，when，while)；2状语从句的引导词。短文改错1(2018·全国卷)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.butand2(2018·全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.where when3(2018·全国卷)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.andor4(2017·全国卷)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.and but1并列连词的错用或缺失；2状语从句连接词的错用；3并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。考点一 并列连词.单句语法填空1(2019·重庆联考)It was an extremely dark，lonely country road. Neither a single person nor any traffic was in sight at all.2(2019·东北三省四市二模)I used to think that the flying car was a ridiculous idea.But I changed my mind this morning when I sat in heavy traffic.3(2019·山西省八校联考)Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear.Overcome it，and we will be able to achieve our goals.单句改错4(2019·江西名校联盟检测)Although it was already autumn, but it was still hot.去掉but5(2019·郑州质检)She was born into a poor family or she worked very hard to be successful. orand/so/but1表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both .and .，neither .nor .，not only .but also .，as well asNot only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。2表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：whileThe failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。易错提示but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。3表选择关系的并列连词：or，either .or .，not .but .They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.他们给养老院送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是以公司的名义。4表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)be about to do sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然”(2)be on the point of doing sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然”(3)be doing sth.when .“正在做某事，这时突然”(4)had done sth.when .“刚做完某事，这时突然”I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。技法点拨(教师用书独具)并列句与语法填空并列句与短文改错并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。1分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否需要连接词连接，从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余，以便增删连接词。2分析句子间的意义关系，判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确，然后予以改正。and表并列；yet/but表转折；or表选择；so表因果；while表对比；when表“就在这时”等，在做短文改错时一定要记牢。考点二 状语从句.单句语法填空1(2019·龙岩质检)But for now, they all have to postpone their plans until/till the winter storms pass.2(2019·咸阳二模)Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a baby's cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them whether we are parents or not.3(2019·重庆联考)I was driving home late at night when my car lost momentum (动力) and got slower and slower.单句改错4(2019·黄石月考)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.去掉at5(2019·河北联考)Because you have anything that puzzles you，it would be great to talk with Mr.Tang. BecauseIf6(2019·安徽百校二模)It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted. suchso一、时间状语从句1when，while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着”As it gets warmer and warmer，the trees begin to come to life.随着天气变得越来越暖和，树木开始恢复生机。2表示“一就”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directlyThe moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardly.when.，no sooner.than.结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。3before，since引导的时间状语从句(1) before表示“在之前；还未就；还没有来得及就”。常用句式：It will be/was一段时间before.过了时间才；It won't be/wasn't一段时间before.没过多久就。We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since意为“自从以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been一段时间since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。4till/until引导的时间状语从句until/till用于肯定句表示“直到为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not.until/till.表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。5every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句By the time he arrived at the station，the train had left.当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。二、让步状语从句1although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末或句中。(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。2even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。3“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)ever表示“无论”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句whether.or.意为“无论还是”，提供两种对比情况。All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。三、其他状语从句从句类型连词条件状语从句if，unless(if.not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing原因状语从句because，for，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句so that，in order that，in case (以防)；for fear that(以免)结果状语从句so that，so.that.，such.that.地点状语从句where，wherever方式状语从句as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)比较状语从句than，as.as.，not as/so.as.You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些能够拍成好照片的东西。易错提示as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might动词原形。技法点拨(教师用书独具)状语从句与语法填空状语从句与短文改错状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。1分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结构，查看句子连接是否正确。2理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。.单句语法填空1Make up your mind, or/otherwise you will miss the valuable chance.2I was feeling hungry, so I made myself a sandwich.3There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.4(2018·黄冈模拟)Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.5Though/Although/While scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.6Although he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.7The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. 8It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.9Even if/though the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.10If we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English.单句改错1It may be popular, and you may also get others confused.andbut2The people's life here has become interesting or colorful.orand3One day, I was cooking in the kitchen as the telephone rang.aswhen4We need to get to the root of the problem after we can solve it.afterbefore5It isn't very cold, but you needn't bring many clothes with you.butso.语法填空I was traveling alone through the UK.To reach 1 (place) that were off the public transport map，I bought an old car，2. cost most of my money.So far the rest of the trip I camped in my car，3. (be) too poor to afford my accommodation.One morning I awoke in my old car on a remote road in the Irish countryside，with a single house 4 sight.The water in my thermos(保温瓶) had gone cold so I knocked on the door of 5. house.A woman opened it.I asked her for some hot water.But she wouldn't let me get away with just that！I 6 (invite) indoors.She asked me to sit at the table and have breakfast with her family.They filled my thermos 7. I left.Greatly 8. (move)，I decided to pass the kindness on.The other day I was able to point out a rare parking spot to a young man who had been driving around looking 9. (increasing) desperate.His grateful smile was the 10. (huge) reward I needed as I dashed off to catch my train.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，话题是人物故事类。作者独自一人在英国旅游期间，得到了陌生人的帮助，作者也时刻准备着帮助那些需要帮助的人。1places根据were可知，应用place的复数形式。2which根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是an old car，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。3beingbe与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词短语作状语。4inin sight是固定用法，意思是“看得见，在视野之内”。5the特指前面提到的a single house，故此处用the。6was invited作者是被邀请的，故用被动语态；这里描述的是过去发生的一件事，用一般过去时。7before根据语境可知，这户人家给作者的水瓶灌满热水后才让他离开。8movedmove与主语I之间是被动关系，故此处填moved。9increasingly空处中所填单词在句中修饰形容词desperate，需用increasing的副词形式。10hugest作者帮助年轻人找到停车场，年轻人报以感激的微笑，作者觉得这是对自己最大的回报。根据语境及该空前的the可知，用huge的最高级形式。.短文改错Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit tried to call a taxi. But no luck. Then I thought of the taxibooking app my friend has recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty proudly of my hightech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cellphone to get the next order. It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. What's bad, the driver's informations might be unreliable. How can we passengers' legal rights be protected before something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxibooking app the next time.【答案】Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit to call a taxi. But no luck. Then I thought of the taxibooking app my friend recommended and I booked a taxi through my cellphone. Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty of my hightech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cellphone to get the next order. It was just then I began to worry about my safety. What's ， the driver's might be unreliable. How can we passengers' legal rights be protected something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxibooking app next time.
