八年级英语上册unit1---5知识点.doc
如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流八年级英语上册unit1-5知识点【精品文档】第 11 页 Unit1一、词组、短语: 1、go on vacation去度假 , 2、 stay at home 呆在家, 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 , 4、 go to the beach到海边去, 5、visit museums 参观博物馆, 6、go to summer camp 去夏令营, 7、 quite a few 相当多, 8、study for为学习, 9、go out 出去, 10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间, 11、taste good 尝起来味道好, 12、have a good time玩的开心, 13、of course当然可以, 14、feel like感觉像/想要 15、 go shopping购物, 16、in the past 在过去, 17、walk around绕走, 18、too many 太多(可数名词前面), 19、because of 因为, 20、one bowl of 一碗, 21、find out 查出来/发现 , 22、go on继续, 23、take photos 照相, 24、something important重要的事情, 25、up and down上上下下, 26、come up出来 二、重要句子(语法): 1.Where did you go on vacation?你到哪里去度假了?I went to New York City.我去了纽约城 2.Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不,没有人在这了,大家都度假去了了。3. Did you buy anything special?你买了什么特别的东西吗? Yes, I bought something for my father.对,我给父亲买了一些东西。 4.How was the food? 食物怎么样? Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃。 5.Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗? Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.对,一切都很精彩。三、习惯用法、搭配 1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来 3. nothing ,but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 12. look + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. / try to do sth. 尝试 / 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢? 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 四、词语辨析: 1.visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔(P1) visit是及物动词,意为拜访;探望,后接表示人的名词或代词。 visit还可以意为参观;游览,后接表示地点的名词。 a.I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去_了我的外婆。 b.Do you want to visit Shanghai? 你想_上海吗? 拓展:visitor意为参观者;游客。 eg: These visitors come from America.2.buy anything special 买特别的东西。(P2) 1)buy及物动词,意为买;购买。其过去式为bought 拓展:buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为给某人买某物。 My uncle_ _a bike.= My uncle_ _for me. 2)anything不定代词,意为某事;某件东西,主要用于疑问句或否定句中。 a.Do you want anything from me? b.I cant say anything about it. 3) anthing special表示特别的东西,形容词修饰不定代词时后置。 Is there_ _in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗? 4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?哦,你去有趣的地方了吗?(P2) 辨析:anywhere与somewhere anywhere意为在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 eg:I cant find it anywhere. somewhere意为在某处;到某处,常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here. 5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。(P2) 辨析:quite a few与quite a little quite a few 意为很多;不少,修饰可数名词复数; quite a little 意为很多;不少,修饰不可数名词。 a. He stays here for _ _ _days. b. b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子). 6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。 (P2)拓展most of意为中的大多数,它作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。 a. Most of us_(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。 b. Most of the food_(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。 7.Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃!(P3) taste在此为系动词,意为尝起来,其后接形容词构成系表结构。 a.The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了。 8.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?(P3) How do/did you like? 意为你觉得怎么样?,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当于 What do you think of? 9. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。(P3) 1)seem意为好像;似乎;看来。 Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。 拓展a. seem+adj. 看起来。You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。 b. seem+to do sth. 似乎,好像做某事。 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。 c. It seems/seemed+从句 看起来好像;似乎。It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。 2)辨析:bored与boring a. bored意为厌烦的;感到无聊的,一般在句中修饰人。 b. boring意为无聊的;令人厌烦的,一般在句中修饰事或物。10. What activities do you find enjoyable? 你发现什么活动让人快乐?(P5) 1)activities是activity的复数形式,意为活动。 2)enjoyable形容词,意为愉快的;快乐的。 Im sure we will have an enjoyable vacation. 我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。 11. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。辨析:arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 get to +地点 reach+地点 12. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel 因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。 拓展:decide后常跟疑问词+动词不定式做宾语。He cant decide when _ _(leave) 他不能决定何时动身。 13. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。太刺激了!(P5) 1)feel like意为“给的感觉;感受到”。其后常接从句。 eg: He feels like he is swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。 拓展:feel like还可意为“想要,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。即: feel like sth. 想要某物 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 14. There are a lot of new buildings now现在有许多新的建筑物(P5) building 可数名词,意为建筑物;楼房。 build 动词,建造,建筑 (built,built), 15. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的。(P5) wonder此处是及物动词,意为想知道;琢磨。其后常接who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Eg:1.I wonder who the boy is 我想知道那个男孩是谁。16. I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了。 17.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 (P5)1)enjoy及物动词,意为喜爱;欣赏;享受的乐趣, (enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 拓展: enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing sth.) 18. What a difference a day makes! 一天的变化有多大呀! (P5) difference可数名词,意为差别,差异 ;different形容词形式,意为不同的;有差异的。 ( be different from 意为与不同) 10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.(P5) 1)want to do sth. 意为想要做某事。同义短语:would like to do sth./feel like doing sth. 2)start doing sth. 意为开始做某事,同义短语:start to do sth. 11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多,所以我们等了一个 多小时的火车。(P5) 1)wait for意为等候,其后可接人或物。 Tom was waiting for a bus over there. 2)over介词,意为多于;超过 ,相当于more than。 Eg : My father is over 40 years old. 3) 辨析:too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多. ” too much + 不可数名词 意为“太多. ” much too + 形容词 意为“太. ”12.And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.而且因为坏天气,我们也没能看到下面的 任何景色(P5) 辨析:because of与because a. because of意为因为、由于,后可接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He lost his job because of his age. b. because意为因为,引导状语从句,即接句子。 I didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 13. My father didnt bring enough money 我爸爸没带足够的钱(P5) 1)辨析:bring与take bring意为带来;拿来, 指从别处带到说话者所在地。 take意为拿走;带走, 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。 2)enough 意为足够的,充分的. adj.+enough enough+n.14.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. 我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水的提袋。(P8) with介词,意为具有;带有。 拓展:with作介词时的其他用法: a.“和一起 I often go to school _ my friend. 我经常和朋友们一起去上学。 b. 以(手段、材料),用(工具), Cut the apple with a knife. 用刀切苹果。 15. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。 So+adj./adv.+that从句 / such+n.+that从句(如此以致)16. 常用的感叹句的结构: 1)What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语! 2)What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 3)How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! / How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语! 17反身代词:myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. 1) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧! 2) Make yourself at home! 别客气! 4) teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself 5) by oneself 独自 6) for oneself 为自己;替自己 7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 8) dress oneself 给自己穿衣 18.few, little, a few, a little :的用法few, a few修饰可数名词,little, a little修饰不可数名词。few, little具有否定意义,表示几乎没有,a few, a little具有肯定意义,表示一些。 Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 1、help with housework 帮助做家务活, 2、go shopping 购物, 3、on weekends 在周末, 4、how often 多久一次, 5、hardly ever 几乎不, 6、once a week 每周一次, 7、twice a month 每月二次, 8、go to the movies 去看电影, 9、every day 每天, 10、use the Internet 上网/用网, 11、be free 有空, 12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 , 13、swing dance 摇摆舞 14、play tennis 打网球, 15、stay up late 熬夜, 16、at least 至少, 29、less than 少于/不到 17、go to bed early 早睡, 18、 play sports 锻炼身体, 19、be good for 对有好处, 20、go camping 去野营, 21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间, 22、not.at all 根本不, 23、the most popular 最流行, 24、such as 例如, 25、go to the dentist 去看牙医, 26、more than 超过/多于, 27、Old habits die hard. 旧习惯难改。 28、 hard=difficult 困难的 , 三、习惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about? =What about? .怎么样?/ .好不好? 3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 . 有多少. How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句 . 有多少. 5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现 6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的 7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么? 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 四、词语辨析1. help with housework 帮助做家务 (1)拓展:help sb. with sth.= help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 辨析:sometimes ,some times ,sometime , some time sometimes 有时候。=at times也是“有时”的意思。提问用how often some times 几次。time作可数名词时可作次数解;表示时间时是不可数名词。 sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用when some time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。 2. hardly ever 几乎不 (教材第9页) 辨析:hardly 与hard hardly 几乎不,一般位于动词之前。 hard 努力,位于动词之后。 11. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次电影。辨析:maybe 和may be maybe 也许,大概,可能。(一般放句首) Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。may be 可能是,也许是。 为情态动词+be动词结构。(位于句中) 12. He plays at least twice a week. 他至少每周踢两次(球)。 at least 意为至少,其反义词为at most 最多。 13. She says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有好处。(教材第12页) be good for 意为对有益。Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处。 拓展:be good at 擅长. be good at doing sth. 擅长做. 14.twenty percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之20的学生根本不锻炼。 . 百分数由percent来表示,构成:基数词+percent 。 not. at all 意为一点儿也不,根本不。 Eg:I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道。拓展:not at all = you are welcome 意为“不用谢,不客气”。 Eg:-Thank you for your help. -Not at all. 15 Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜 欢看运动类节目,但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。(教材第13页) although 连词。意为虽然,尽管。but 意为但是。英语中,although与but不能同时使用。 Eg:Although it rained,the boys still played outside. 17. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 通过上网或看游戏类节目是很好 的放松方式。(教材第13页) 句中it 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。此句型结构为:Its+adj+(for sb.)+to do sth. 意为 (对某人来说)做某事是的。 18.Exercise such as playing sports is funand you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. 比如进行体育活动这方面的锻炼就是有趣的,当你们一起运动的时候你 可以和朋友、家人一起度过时光。such as 意为比如,例如。 spend 意为度过 或花费(时间、金钱)。 Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 来和我们一起度过周末吧。 重点: spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱 spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事 19. However,she has some bad habits,too. 然而她也有一些坏习惯。(教材第15页) however 意为然而,不过。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了,然而她依然去上班。辨析:but和however 1) but 并列连词 然而,但是。 可直接连接前后两个句子,表转折关系。 However 副词 然而,但是。 不能直接连接句子,必须用逗号与句子隔开。 20. She says she is afraid. 她说她害怕。 afraid 意为担心的,害怕的。 .be afraid to do sth. 害怕做 Eg:I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飞机旅行。.be afraid of sb. sth. 害怕某人某物 She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 Dont be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕问问题。 21.Less than 意为不到,少于。其反义词为 more than over 多余,超过22. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week. 拓展:how long 多长,用来询问多长时间(for+时间段),也可询问某物有多长。 how for 多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。how soon多长,用来询问时间段(in+时间段)23.find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 : We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词, 发现: He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 : I found her standing at the door. find +it +形容词+to do sth. 发现做某事. I found it difficult to work out this math proble. Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 一、词组、短语: 1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗, 2. as.as. 与一样, 3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛, 4. the most important 最重要的, 5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋, 6. the same as 与相同 7. care about 关心/留意/关注, 8. be different from 与不同, 9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子, 10. as long as 与一样长, 11. bring out 显示/显出/生产/带来, 12. get better grade 取得好成绩, 13. reach for 伸手达到/达到 14. touch ones heart 感动,15. in fact 事实上, 16. make friends 交朋友,19. be similar to 对熟悉/与.相似, 20. be good with 与和睦相处 三、 习惯用法、搭配 1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事 3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样 4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是的四、 词语辨析1.laugh v. & n. 笑 与at连用 表示嘲笑 Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。 2. Peter likes to do the same things as me. 彼得喜欢和我做一样的事情。 My best friend Larry is quite different from me. 我最好的朋友拉里和我很不一样。 (1) the same as.意为与··相同。例如: My birthday is the same as Toms. 我的生日与汤姆的一样。(2)different from.意为和不一样,是the same as.的反义词组。 Lucy is different from Lily. 露西与莉莉不一样。 拓展 difference 意为不同;不用之处,可做可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。例如: There is no difference between the twins.那对双胞胎长得一模一样。 There are some differences between Tom and Bob. 3.We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。 They are both tall. 他们两个都高。 both 表示两者都, neither 表示两者都不,两者互为反义词,都用于“行前be后”。拓展:both of/neither of 表示两者都要/两者都不。例如: They both are students.= Both of them are students. 他们两个都是学生。 The girls both like English.=Both of the girls like English. 这两个女孩都喜欢英语。 Neither of them is a doctor. 他们两个都不是医生。 4.Huang Lei isnt as good at tennis as Larry. 黄磊不如拉里擅长网球。 as.as 与.一样 not as/so.as 不如. 中间加形容词或副词的原级。5.However,Larry is much less hard-working, so I always get better grades.然而拉里不如我用功,因此我总是取得更好的成绩。 (1)little 和much 都可用来修饰比较级,表示“更.一点,更得多”。拓展 修饰比较级除了用a little,much外,还可用even(甚至),far(非常),a lot(非常),a bit(一点)等。 6.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友会使我笑。 make v. 制造;使;让。常用结构:make sb./ sth.+adj. 使/让某人/某事怎么样;make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事。7.Who (do you think ) should get the job, Jenny or Jill?你认为谁应该得到这份工作,詹妮还是吉尔? (1)本句是由特殊疑问句+选项构成的选择疑问句,do you think作插入语。 Who do you think cleaned the classroom yesterday?你认为昨天是谁打扫的教室? (2)or 意为或者;还是,常用于选择疑问句中。例如:Do you like math or English? 你喜欢数学还是英语? Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater 一、词组、短语: 1、so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 2、no problem 没什么,别客气, 3、have.in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同, 4、be up to 由决定/是的职责, 5、all kinds of 各种各样的 ,6、play a role 发挥作用,有影响 7、make