世纪商务英语Unit 6共11页.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流世纪商务英语Unit 6【精品文档】第 49 页Unit 6 网上商务Background knowledgeElectronic businessDefinitionElectronic Business, or "e-Business", may be defined broadly as any business process that relies on an automated information system. Today, this is mostly done with Web-based technologies. The term "e-Business" was coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM.Electronic business methods enable companies to link their internal and external data processing systems more efficiently and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and partners, and to better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers.In practice, e-business is more than just e-commerce. While e-business refers to more strategic focus with an emphasis on the functions that occur using electronic capabilities, e-commerce is a subset of an overall e-business strategy. E-commerce seeks to add revenue streams using the World Wide Web or the Internet to build and enhance relationships with clients and partners and to improve efficiency using the Empty Vessel strategy. Often, e-commerce involves the application of knowledge management systems.E-business involves business processes spanning the entire value chain: electronic purchasing and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, handling customer service, and cooperating with business partners. Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the exchange of data between companies. E-business software solutions allow the integration of intra and inter firm business processes. E-business can be conducted using the Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some combination of these.Subsets Applications can be divided into three categories:1. Internal business systems: customer relationship management enterprise resource planning document management systems human resources management 2. Enterprise communication and collaboration: VoIP content management system e-mail voice mail Web conferencing 3. Electronic commerce: business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B) or business-to-consumer electronic commerce (B2C) internet shop supply chain management online marketingModelsWhen organizations go online, they have to decide which e-business models best suit their goals. A business model is defended as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. The concept of e-business model is the same but used in the online presence. The following is a list of the currently most adopted e-business models: E-shops E-procurement E-malls E-auctions Virtual Communities Collaboration Platforms Third-party Marketplaces Value-chain Integrators Value-chain Service Providers Information Brokerage Classification by provider and consumerRoughly dividing the world into providers/producers and consumers/clients one can classify e-businesses into the following categories: business-to-business (B2B) business-to-consumer (B2C) business-to-employee (B2E) business-to-government (B2G) government-to-business (G2B) government-to-government (G2G) government-to-citizen (G2C) consumer-to-consumer (C2C) consumer-to-business (C2B)Reading Skill Focus1. I found, to my surprise, that the real key to writing a good paper is to have a passion for the things about which you are writing. 2. From these statistics and from personal experience it is evident that no one is unaffected by cancer.3. There are many stereotypes about the character of people in various parts of the United States. 4. DComprehensive Reading 大家e起来上网购物1 即使是最狂热的购物者也有出师不利的日子：你找不到想买的东西，每个在你后面的人都好像故意要撞你，而你的双腿从臀部痛到脚趾。这些时候，以便利而广受赞誉的网上购物听来是个更好的选择。2 但是就像在现实世界买廉价品的购物者一样，网上购物者也应该明白，在享有电子商务方便省事的同时，也要承担风险。通常最令人担忧的是无法看见在另一端进行交易的对象。到网上购物的人仅仅带着信用卡，其余都得凭想象，因此必须遵循某些原则。3 了解交易的对象是网上购物的金科玉律。第一步是确定对方是合法的公司，销售方式叙述详尽，并有安全措施，而进入这种网站应该相当容易。4 买方也应该仔细留意交易的条款及条件，例如是否要负担额外的运送费。当然，最重要的是该公司必须保证能对消费者的个人资料和信用卡号码进行保密。否则，最后你被收取的费用可能会高出你的意料。5 并非所有的网上交易都通过虚拟商店来完成。网络上的拍卖运作方式大抵与一般的拍卖无异，但有更长的拍卖期限。交易物品的信息会登在举办拍卖的网站，每个人都可以在规定期限内竞标。顺利得标者会以电子邮件通知，再依事先约定的方式付款及取货。6 举办拍卖的网站有两种：企业对人的交易及人对人的交易。前者，网站拥有待价而沽的物品并收取拍卖所得；后者则只提供卖方直接销售物品给顾客的方法。7 对其他形式的网络购物来说，信用卡是最安全且最方便的付款方式，但在人对人的交易中，卖方可能不愿意接受这种方式，而要求买方先行付清货款或支票才交货。在这种情况下，某些网站会建议使用一种“委托契约”（由第三者负责整件交易）的模式，另加收约货品价格5%的费用。8 几乎所有商品都能在网上购得，只要处理得当，网络购物会是除了在商家间奔波之外的另一个令人满意的选择。所以，安靠椅背，开机上网！要锻炼身体，请去健身房报到吧！Language points1. e-commerce: the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet电子商务E.g. E-commerce has been a burgeoning industry in last five years. 电子商务在近五年来蓬勃发展。I am excited and interested in the idea of developing business relationships through e-commerce. 我对通过电子商务发展商业关系的理念很感兴趣。2. auction: An auction is the process of buying and selling goods by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the winning bidder. 拍卖是一种通过众多买主的竞价，实现现货交易的一种买卖方式。E.g. How much did the painting go for at the auction? 这幅画在拍卖中值多少钱?At the art auction, Van Goghs paintings were considered to be the cream of the crop and received the highest bids. 在艺术品拍卖会上，梵高的油画被认为是最出众的，拍卖价格也最高。3. make a bid: to make an offer of a particular amount of money for something which is for sale 竞标，投标，出价E.g. No other buyers make bid higher than this price.没有别的买主的出价高于此价。 Information about items for sale is posted on an auction site and anyone can make a bid within the stipulated time. 交易物品的信息会登在举办拍卖的网站上，任何人都可以在规定期限内竞标。4. bidder: someone who offers to pay a particular amount of money for something that is being sold 投标人，出价者E.g. Allocation by auction, to the highest bidder, a more traditional free market approach, would also undermine state control. 通过拍卖，分配给出价最高者，这种更加传统的自由市场方式，也会破坏州控制。5. a cashiers check: a check (also known as a cashier's cheque, bank check, official check, teller's check, bank draft or treasurer's check) guaranteed by a bank. A cashiers check is usually treated as cash since most banks clear it instantly. It is also check which cannot bounce because its face amount is paid to the bank when it is issued, and the bank then assumes the obligation. 银行本行支票，银行本票，即期支票银行本票是由银行从其自己的资金中提取并由该银行出纳员签字的支票。由于保证受款人一定可以从开票银行领到那笔款项，通常金额比较大的交易会要求用银行本票（例如：买车）。银行本票上会打上受款人的名字。收费一般在十元以下。银行本票和汇票的汇兑方式一样，当你要汇兑时，银行会先托收你的支票，等你的银行向开立该支票的外国银行收款后，再将金额汇入你的账户。请注意，兑换银行支票，卖家需支付银行手续费和电汇费。E.g. Only cash, Money Order, Cashier's Check is acceptable.请以现金、汇票、银行本票付费。I have a cashier's check for $1000. I guess I need to endorse it.我带了一张1,000元的银行开出的支票。我想我必须在后面背书。Cashiers check fraud is one of the most popular crimes in the internet age.银行本票欺诈是互联网时代最常见的犯罪行为之一。6. escrow: an agreement between two people or organizations in which money or property is kept by a third person or organization until a particular condition is completed 附条件委托契约由第三者保存、待条件完成后即交受让人的契约或证书，附条件交付契据，待完成的担保证书，第三者保存的契据。从定义来看，escrow 最基本的意思就是“委托管理”，也就是说经过第三者(基本性质是公证人)来完成一个愿望。最基本的“委托管理”需求环境是必须要有一个 “给方”, 一个“受方”, 和一个受方必需符合的“条件”(由给方规定；也有例外，如给方已去世，可能由法庭规定)。根据韦伯国际字典的解释，Escrow：A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee，指一种代管契约，由第三人保管某特定文件、契约、金钱、证券或其他财产，当特定条件成就或法律事件发生时，该第三人即将其保管物交给特定之人。课文中“escrow service”主要指网上交易过程中的委托服务。就互联网escrow交易方式而言，在网上提供escrow服务的经营者接受网络商家与消费者的委托，收取消费者交付的货款，即通知网络商家发出商品；在消费者收到商品后，在验货后无退货要求，网上escrow经营者再将货款转交给网络商家。另一方面，如果消费者未如期交付货款时，网上escrow经营者将不通知网络商家发出商品，也不会“代消费者交付货款”。E.g. The money was placed in escrow. 这笔钱暂交第三方保管。Details of the escrow agreement havent yet been finalized.第三者保管契约的细节尚未最后定下来。Where the subject matter is not fit for escrow, or the escrow expenses will be excessive, the obligor may auction or liquidate the subject matter and place the proceeds in escrow.标的物不适于提存或者提存费用过高的，债务人依法可以拍卖或者变卖标的物，提存所得的价款。Notes1. (Para. 6) In the former, it is the Web site that has possession of the goods on sale and accepts payment for them, whereas a person-to-person auction site merely provides a means by which sellers can sell their goods directly to customers.此句中，“the former”指代“business-to-person auction”。连词whereas表示的是一种对比关系，说明“business-to-person auction”和“person-to-person auction”两者之间的不同。在“whereas”引出的并列句中还包含一个定语从句，其中，“means”作为定语从句的先行词，介词“by”提到关系代词“which”前面，可以按照“sellers can sell their goods directly to customers by a means provided by a person-to-person auction site”来理解这个并列句。Answer the Following Questions1、3略2. Online shopping procedure: Choose your products; add to shopping cart; enter your shipping information; pay by credit card; receive purchase confirmation; finish. After you make your purchase, the system will confirm the transaction through e-mail.Comprehension CheckPart 1cfadbePart 21. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T8. TVocabulary CheckPart 11. bargain 2. workout 3. bumped into 4. Log on 5. has bid 6. practically 7. guarantees 8. rewardingPart 2NounAdjectiveAdverbAntonymconvenienceconvenientconvenientlyinconvenientinvisibilityinvisibleinvisiblyvisibilitylegalitylegallegallyillegalclarityclearclearlyunclearlyregularityregularregularlyirregularsuccesssuccessfulsuccessfullyunsuccessfulusualnessusualusuallyunusuallywillingnessunwillingunwillinglywillingessenceessentialessentiallyinessentialindependenceindependentindependentlydependentpracticepracticalpracticallyimpractically/ appropriateappropriatelyinappropriatePractical Reading1. Sign in for your status 2. Place Bid 3. Click the “Watch this item” button.4. 100% Positive. 5. Click “Read feedback comments” 6. Yes. 7. $125Language points1. online auction网络拍卖（Auction Online）是通过因特网进行在线交易的一种模式，最早开始于1995年，美国的小程序员皮尔·欧米达（Pierre Omidyar）建立起一个小网站，他最初建立这个网站是为了向人们提供变种的埃博拉病毒代码。后来他在网站上加了一个小的拍卖程序，利用这个功能帮助他的女朋友和其他的人交换各自的收藏品。因为网站上的拍卖发展得十分迅速，一年后他辞职并开始创建发展网络拍卖业务，于是就诞生了现在全球网络拍卖的巨头eBay。E.g. Selling your things is easy at online auction. 在网上拍卖东西很容易. One of the most popular sites offering online auction for buying and selling goods online is eBay, which manages online auctions and provides sale and purchase of products and services around the world.在众多提供网上拍卖进行商品买卖的网站中，eBay是最受欢迎的，主要管理网上拍卖并提供世界范围内的商品和服务交易。 2. an English auction: in an English auction (also called an Open-outcry auction), the auctioneer begins the auction with the reserve price (lowest acceptable price) and then takes larger and larger bids from the customers until no one will increase the bid. The item is then sold to the highest bidder. 英式拍卖 a Dutch auction: a type of auction where the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price, or a predetermined reserve price (the seller's minimum acceptable price) is reached. The winning participant pays the last announced price. 荷兰式拍卖3. Treasury bills: Treasury bills, or T-bills, are sold in terms ranging from a few days to 26 weeks. Bills are sold at a discount from their face value. 国库券美国国库债券之一，以拍卖方式折价出售，期限不超过一年，以三个月最为普遍。美国国库券亦简称T-bills，指一年或一年以内到期的公债，通常发行期间为52天、91天或182天，到期前不付息。 Treasury notes及Treasury bonds为较长期的美国公债，每半年按固定的票面利率付息一次，到期偿还本金。Treasury notes的年期为一年以上，10年以内，而Treasury bonds则是10年以上。其他国家在bills， notes及bonds的年期划分上可能各有不同。E.g. Treasury bills represent the simplest form of borrowing: the government raises money by selling bills to public.国库券代表借款的最简单形式：政府通过向公众出售国库券筹集资金。T-bills with initial maturities of 91 days or 182 days are issued weekly.初始期限为91天或182天的国库券每周发行。Fast Reading 对Google的狂热1 22年前一个年轻人离开了家乡，他是一个不常写信的人，过了一段时间他就不写信了，整整六年的时间他的家人都没有收到他的消息。后来，他的姐姐在网上的Google搜索引擎里输入了他的名字，她发现：“他就在巴西的一个保龄球队。”现在他们经常通信和交换照片。2 谁知道巴西保龄球联盟有网站？Google知道。因为Google知道，或几乎知道所有的东西。3 这个名字来自于“google”，一个数学术语表示1后面跟着100个0。它的意思是“远远多于宇宙里的所存在的东西。”Google人选择它是因为他们想要整理网上的所有数据。4 Google始建于1998年，当时两个26岁的青年，瑟盖·布林和拉里·佩奇在一间狭小的办公室里成立了公司。现在他们在加利福尼亚州山景路的一栋大楼里办公，他们的地区办公室遍布全球。Google已经成为最好最成功的搜索引擎。5 Google的新闻报道链接了全世界4,500个新闻来源。在电脑屏幕上它看上去特别像一个新闻网页，有图片也有大标题，当报纸和广播更新网页内容，Google也随之更新。如果一篇报道在很多报纸上都被置于突出位置，那么它在Google上也会继续存在。电脑每分钟都在更新网页和整理相关报道，同时替换掉一些其他新闻。不是由人类编辑决定要强调什么。这听起来好象很荒谬，但这一点都不赖。6 但是Google很爱自夸。它总是在告诉你它有多么快，快到不可思议。如果你在Google上搜索“中国考古”，它会搜到29,400个链接，并补充道：“搜索用时0.14秒。”7 另一个问题是，相同的名字经常会使Google很困惑。它无法自动区分20世纪的画家弗朗西斯·培根和17世纪的哲学家弗朗西斯·培根。有时候Google显得有点傻。8 由于“去Google”已经成为语言中的一个动词，对于某些人来说，Googling已经成为了一个道德问题。一位女士给纽约时报的伦理学家兰迪科恩写信，讲述一个朋友发生的事。这个朋友曾经与一名医生约会，在她回家后就在Google上搜索他的信息，结果发现他曾经有几次因治疗不当而遭到起诉。这位女士问科恩，做这样的事是不是不够正当，他回答说这是正当的，而且他自己也这样做过。科恩说，这位女士在Google上的搜索，就如同向朋友们打听这个人的情况，没什么问题。9 你厌倦Google了吗？恐怕那些厌倦了Google的人也厌倦生活了吧。Notes1. (Para. 3) The name comes from “google”, the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. the mathematical term是 “google” 的同位语。2. (Para. 6) Ask it for information on Chinese archaeology and it gathers 29,400 links, adding: “search took 0.14 seconds.”连词and此处的意思是“那么，则”，连接两个分句，后一分句表示前一分句的结果；adding为现在分词短语作状语，动作的逻辑主语是it。3. A woman wrote to Randy Cohen, the New York Times ethicist, about a friend who had gone out with a doctor and then Googled him when she got home, discovering that he had been involved in several malpractice suits.the New York Times ethicist作Randy Cohen的同位语，about与前面的动词wrote搭配，a friend作介词about的宾语，who引导定语从句修饰a friend，discovering为现在分词短语作状语，动作的逻辑主语是who。Comprehension Check1.A2.A3.B4.D5.A6.D7.A8.BSupplementary Reading 电子商务1 电子商务让经营者与世界各地的客户进行直接交流成为可能。每一个上网的人都是潜在客户。这不仅改变了销售商品的方式，同时也改变了经营活动的方式。电子零售是电子商务的一个典型范例。2 电子商务的革命始于A的企业家杰夫·贝佐斯。A是一个既有实体企业又提供网络服务的公司。事实上，A是一家著名且信誉度极高的电子零售商。E-tail就是电子零售。企业通过网络来销售产品。电子商务的主要活动就是进行商品和服务的交易。任何公司都可以上网销售任何产品。3 JCPenney，一家大型商场，在店内销售商品的同时，也通过邮件和网络进行销售。这类公司被称为多渠道零售商，因为它们采取不同的方式来销售商品。公司企业通常将它们的商店和仓库称为“红砖与灰泥”，指的是它们需要用建筑材料来建造；而同时也利用网络销售的公司则被称为“网络与实体”经营。4 电子商务使电子零售商给消费者邮寄产品目录更为简单易行，对于那些进行大量邮购生意的公司这更为有用。不通过邮局来邮寄，而是在网上刊登产品目录能为这些公司节省大量的印刷费和邮费。5 作为消费者，电子商务对你有什么益处呢？以下就是：6 方便 你可以不用去商店，在家就能购物。网络从来不会关闭，你每时每刻都能上网购物。如果你需要或想买一件东西却没有交通工具，那么你就上网购买，这很方便。7 多种选择 在网上销售产品的公司数量众多，这给了你更多的选择，而且让你能够更容易地比较价格。有一些网络销售公司允许你下载音乐，电子游戏或电影预告片。查询网址就可以比较和对比货物，比如ZDN。在购买新车或二手车之前，你可以在网上查到很多公司来搜寻所有有关交易的问题。8 另一方面，电子零售也有其缺点，包括：9 购买力 网上购物很容易超支。如果你不够细心，就有可能错误地订购某些商品。10 其他费用 因为大多数网上销售的商品都是邮寄的，你就必须付邮费，通常还要交税。交易和退货的费用有可能比在商店购买商品时贵。11 即时性 虽然网上购物很方便，但多数商品你都得等上一段时间才能收到。（当然，除非你住在纽约，Barnes & Noble网络销售会在你订书的同一天送货上门。）12 依赖于观察图片 买沙发时除非你坐在沙发上去感受一下，否则你很难确切地知道你是否喜欢它。买衣服，CD，或书籍时也是一样。网上购物要求你只能依靠图片和描述，而不能实际触摸你想买的东西。Notes1. (Para. 4) Putting catalogs on the Internet rather than shipping them by mail saves a lot of money in printing and mailing costs.现在分词短语 “Puttingshipping” 做主语，谓语动词用单数。Language points1. e-tail: a way of selling products by using the Internet 电子零售E.g. There is a very severe over-supply of retail outlets now. Strip malls keep getting built, regional malls are expanding, and e-tail sellers are popping up everywhere.目前，零售店铺