大学英语(全新版)第二册重点词汇.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流大学英语(全新版)第二册重点词汇【精品文档】第 12 页Book 2 Unit 11. accomplishVt.完成（某事）【例句】 Unless you keep on practicing, you will accomplish nothing.如果你不坚持练习，你将一事无成。【辨析】accomplish, achieve, fulfill Accomplish强调成功地做某事；achieve指成就一番事业，如愿以偿；fulfill侧重于实现，实践。【近形】accompany2. attachvt.系，帖，连接 【例句】 He will attach labels to the luggage. 他将把标签帖到行李上。【辨析】relate, attach, combine Relate 表示“把.和连接在一起”.，通常与with连用；attach常与介词to连用;combine的意思是结合，常与with连用。【派生】attachment 3.assistv.帮助【构词】assist = as+ sist (表示站立，放置) 【例句】Professor Smith was assisting his students to prepare their term papers. 史密斯教授正帮着学生们准备学期论文。【辨析】help; assist, aid Help侧重于表示借助于别人的帮助；assist则表示陷入麻烦时给予帮助；aid是一个较正规的词，着重于表示通过帮助问题得以圆满解决，多用于国际问题的援助。【派生】assistant助手【近形】insist坚持, consist组成，构成, exist存在, resist抵抗, persist坚持, subsist维持。4. neglect v.忽视，忽略 【例句】 Mr. David gave too much attention to his business, working long hours and neglecting his wife. 戴维先生过于关注生意情况，工作时间长而忽视了妻子。【辨析】neglect; ignore Neglect侧重于给予很少重视；而ignore则表示故意不重视。5relevant adj.有关的，相关的，切题的 同 border, frontier 【例句】 In order to finish my term paper, I have to borrow the relevant books from the library. 为了完成我的学期论文，我从图书馆借了所有相关书籍。【派生】relevance, irrelevant, irrelevance6. investigate v.调查。探究 【例句】The police are investigating the murder at the moment.此刻警察正在调查这起谋杀案。【辨析】investigate, probe, explore, research Investigate强调对细节的密切调查；probe则侧重于彻底调查；explore指对未知的地方或领域进行探索；research通过科学的方法对某个课题或项目进行深入细致的研究。7principalAdj/n.主要的，首要的；校长【例句】 His principal goal in life is to become a world-famous pianist. 他生活的首要目标就是要成为世界闻名的钢琴家。 Complaints from the students began arriving at the principals office. 校长办公室收到学生们源源不断的投诉。【辨析】principal, principle 前者表示“主要的”，后者表示“原理，原则”8. applyv.适用，申请。【例句】 How many jobs did you apply for?你申请了多少工作了？ The advice given by Professor Lee only applies to some of the middle school students. 李教授的意见仅适用于一部分中学生。【派生】application申请, applicant申请人 9. promotev.促进，推进【例句】 Proper exercise will promote physical and mental health for the old. 适当锻炼会促进老人身心健康。【派生】promotion 10. superioradj.优良的；较好的【例句】This juice is far superior to the one we had last week. 这种橙汁比我们上周喝得好。【辨析】superior, inferior Be superior to (比.优良； 比.好)； be inferior to (比.差)11. not in the least：not at all 一点儿也不 John didnt seem in the least worried about his study. 约翰似乎对学习毫不关心。12. on occasion: now and then 有时，间或 I often went to dance, and on occasion, I bought my boyfriend as a partner. 我经常去跳舞，有时我带上男朋友作为我的舞伴。14. in due course: 在适当时机，最终 Be patient. The boss will promote you in due course. 耐心点，在适当时机，老板回提升你。15. make up for: compensate for : 补偿，弥补 Her husband bought her a bunch of flowers to make up for quarreling with her the day before. 她丈夫给他买了一束花作为对前天吵架的补偿。Unit 21. remote adj.遥远的 同 far, distant【例句】 Thanks to the governments help, people living in the remote mountainous villages have got the supply of electricity. 由于政府的援助，住在遥远山村的人们已有了电。 2. discountnn.折扣【构词】discount = dis (去掉)+ -count(表示计数) 【例句】 At the end of season the fashion stores usually offer great discount for some of their goods. 季末，时装店通常对部分产品打很大折扣。3.reservev.预定 【例句】 I have reserved a table for three in that five-star restaurant in case it is crowded. 我已在那家五星级饭店预定了三个人的座位以防拥挤。【辨析】reserve; preserveReserve 做动词时，表示“留作专门用途”；preserve做动词时，表示“保护，维持，保存”。作名词时，前者表示储备；后者表示果酱，两者都能表示渔猎禁地。4.loyaltyn.忠诚的，忠贞的【例句】 He showed his loyalty to the factory by devoting all his life to the development of it.他一生都致力于工厂的发展，表现了对工厂的一片忠心。【辨析】boundary, border, frontier Boundary 指以河流、山脉分隔的天然边界线，多指在地图上的领土分界线。【派生】loyal (to)5. qualifyv.(使)有资格；（使）合适；（使）胜任【例句】 His skills qualify him for the job. 他的技能使他有资格从事这份工作。【派生】qualification资格, qualified 有资格的，能胜任的6. scholarshipn.奖学金，学识，学问。【例句】 After a competitive examination, he won a scholarship to that famous university. 经过竞争性选拔考试之后，他赢得了那所著名大学的奖学金。 7 cultivatev.陶冶，培养，养成【例句】 Reading a lot will cultivate ones mind. 多读书可以陶冶人的心性。【近形】civilize 教化，开化。 8. rewardv.给（某人）报酬或奖励 n. 报酬，奖励【例句】 The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life. 因救了小孩的命，消防员得到了一笔奖金。【辨析】reward, award, prizeaward作动词表颁发，授予，赏给；作名词表示经决断而赠于之物。Prize作名词，指奖品，赠品，礼金。 Bonus指工资以外的奖金，津贴。9.deserve v.得到，值得【例句】 Good work deserves good pay. 好的工作应该得到好的报酬。【派生】deserved 应得的10. by all accounts 人人都说【例句】 By all accounts he is a top student. 人人都说他是优等生。 【派生】 take sth into account (考虑到某事) ； on account of 因为，由于11. blend in 融合，融入【例句】 The newly-appointed manager did his best to blend in. 新任经理尽力将自己融入进去。 First-year college students should blend in with the new surroundings as quickly as possible. 大一新生应尽快融入新环境。12. hold to 坚持，坚信【例句】 I hold to the belief that you all will have a promising future as long as you work hard. 我坚信只要你们努力工作，你们都有一个充满希望的未来。 【派生】hold back 阻止； hold up 举出； hold on 坚持13Make up 组成【例句】 The committee is made up of seven members. 委员会由7个成员组成。 【派生】 consist of , be composed of , be made up of 均表示构成，由组成。14Be liable to: be likely to 有.的倾向性；有的可能【例句】We are all liable to make mistakes occasionally. 我们有时都会犯错误。15. lay down: 制定，规定 有.的倾向性；有的可能【例句】We are all liable to make mistakes occasionally. 我们有时都会犯错误。Unit 31. locationn.场所，位置【构词】location= loc (地方，地点)+ -tion (表示名词)、【例句】 This corner would make it a good location for a gas station. 这个拐角将是设立加油站的好地方。【派生】be located in = lie in 坐落于，位于2. distract v.转移注意力，分心【构词】distract = dis (away, off)+ tract (draw)【例句】 If something distracts you or your attention, it makes you stop concentrating on what you are doing. 如果某事分散了你的注意力，你将无法集中你的注意力做正在做的事情。3. interference n.分界线，边界，界限 同 border, frontier 【构词】interference = inter (among, between)+ fere (bring)+ nce (n)【例句】 The UN cannot interfere in the international affairs of any country. 联合国不可以干涉任何国家的内部事务。【辨析】interfere in: 干涉，干预； interfere with: 防碍，乱动，干扰。4. overall Adv.大体上【构词】overall = over (覆盖)+ all(全部)【例句】 Overall, I like Mary, despite his faults. 尽管玛丽有缺点，但总得来说，我还是很喜欢她。5. constantadj.持续的，不变的。【构词】constant= con (加强意义)+ stant(站，立) 【例句】 He became a constant customer of the restaurant.【派生】constancy 恒久不变，忠贞； constantly: 不断地，反复地，经常地。6. know better than(that / to do sth): 明事理而不至于做某事。【例句】 Mary knows better than to cheat on exams. 玛丽应该知道考试中作弊是不对的。7.end up (doing) sth: 以.而告终 If you don not know what you want, you might end up getting something you dont want.8. at any rate: in any case 无论如何，至少 My girl friend is the most beautiful girl in the world, to me at any rate. 我的女朋友是世界上最美丽的女孩，至少对我来说是这样的。9.narrow down: 减少，限制，缩小 The Chinese government is trying to narrow down the gap between the east and west.10. in charge of : 负责，掌管 He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时，他负责商店的工作。Unit 41.virtualadj.虚拟的【例句】 virtual world 虚拟世界； virtual community 虚拟社区； Virtual pet 虚拟宠物；virtual reality 虚拟现实2. submit v.提交，呈递【构词】submit =sub (下)+ mit (送，派) 【例句】 Some students have not yet submitted their papers to their tutors.3. symptom n.症状，征兆 同 sign, indication 【例句】 Yellowness of the eyes is one of the symptoms of jaundice. 眼睛发黄是黄疸病的一个症兆。4. interactionn.互相作用，互相影响【例句】 The interaction of the two substance causes heat, and thus the temperature around them increase.【近形】international 国际的； interplant在套种； interweave 交织。5. sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受伤害的，易冒犯的 同 border, frontier 【例句】 An author must not be sensitive to criticism. 作家不宜对批评太敏感。【辨析】sensitive ; sensible, sensational , sentimental Sensitive 常与 to 或about 连用，意思对敏感；sensible 理智的，明智的；sensational 骇人听闻的，造成轰动的；sentimental 多愁善感的，情绪化的。【派生】insensitive 不敏感的，迟钝的；sensitivity 敏感；sensitively 敏感地，迟钝地6.restorev.恢复【例句】 The people of the town decided to restore the old buildings which had been ruined in the war.7. at times 有时候【例句】 I do feel a little nervous at times. 我有时候确实感到有点紧张。【派生】at all times 同时，一起 at one time 过去有段时间 At other times 在其他时候 8.in sight 可看到的 【例句】 The train was still in sight. 还能看得到火车。【派生】at first sight 初看起来 at the sight of 在看到.时 In sight of 可以看见某物 in the sight of 在看来 Out of sight 看不见 9. rely on： depend on 依靠 指望 【例句】 They rely on themselves, which is much better.他们指望自己，这很不错。10. take in: 吸收【例句】 The earth takes in heat and light from the sun. 太阳从地球那儿吸收热和光。Unit 51. attempt v.试图，企图，尝试 【例句】 They attempted to climb Mt. Everest. 他们试图攀珠穆朗玛峰。 【辨析】trail 试验，考验，通常与give搭配；progress 进步，进展，常与make搭配；action与take 搭配，意为“采取行动”。Make an attempt to do sth 试图做某事。2. confront v.勇敢的面对；对抗；正视；遭遇。【例句】 They have confronted the problem of terrorism with great determination. 他们以极大的决心对付恐怖活动。【构词】front =前面； confrontation 对抗，对峙；confrontational 挑衅的，对抗的。【辨析】confront 面对，面临； encounter 遭遇，遇到，用于sb encounter sth. 3.detail n.细节，小事【构词】tail (尾巴)，detailed 详细的【例句】 If you are interested in the job, I will send you all the details. 如过你对这工作感兴趣，我将给你寄去全部详细说明。4. dismiss v.不予考虑；抛弃；解雇，开除。【例句】If you are late again, you will be dismissed from your job.你如果再迟到，就将被解雇。【派生】dismissal 解雇，撤职，解散。Dismissive 轻蔑的，鄙视的。5. emotion n.激情，情绪，感情。【例句】 Love, hatred, and grief are emotions. 爱、恨、和忧伤都是强烈的感情。【辨析】passion 指热情，激情，热爱。Emotion （喜、怒、哀、乐的）感情，情绪。Sensation 指感觉； enthusiasm 指热情，热心。6. interval n.间隔【例句】Tomorrow it will be mostly cloudy, with a few sunny intervals. 明天大部分时间为多云【派生】at intervals 每隔时间7. manage v.能应付【例句】 I finally managed to find what I am looking for. 我终于想法子找到了一直要找的东西。【派生】manageable 易管理的，可应付的；manager 经理；manageress 女经理。8. optimistic n. 乐观的 【例句】 Her optimistic outlook helped us all believe we would be rescued. 她乐观的观点使我们相信我们能得救。【派生】pessimistic 悲观的； optimism 乐观，乐观主义； pessimism 悲观，悲观主义。Optimist 乐观主义者；pessimist 悲观主义者。9. vainadj.自负的；自恃过高的【例句】 She is vain about her beautiful blue eyes. 她对自己那双漂亮的蓝眼睛颇为自负。【派生】vanity 自负；in vain 白费地，徒劳无益地。10.be ashamed of: 为感到羞耻，内疚You ought to be ashamed of your behavior. 你应当为你自己的行为感到羞耻。11. hold on to: 抓住，执著 She managed to hold on to her job when several of her colleagues lost theirs. 当她的几名同事已丢了饭碗时，她仍设法保住了自己的职位。12. lead to 导致 This will lead to trouble in the future. 这将导致以后的麻烦。13.pay for 为而受到惩罚；为.而吃亏。 These people must be made to pay for their crimes. 这些人必须为他们的罪恶受到惩罚。Unit 61. assistantn.助手，助理；adj 助理的【例句】 The salesman went to the meeting with an assistant. 这位商人带着个助手去参加婚礼。【派生】assistance 帮助；2. principal n.校长；adj 主要的【例句】 The principal reason for this change is that there is demand for this product. 这个变化的主要原因是对这种产品有需求。【辨析】principal 大学或中小学校长；headmaster 中小学校长； president 大学校长，总统，会长【派生】principally 主要地。【近形】principle 纪律 3. resolve v.决心；下决心，解决【例句】 He resolved to work harder. 他决心更加努力地工作。【派生】resolute 坚决的; resolution 决心，决定； resolvable 可解决的；resolved 下定决心的。4. incredibleadj.难以置信的【例句】 We should not dismiss his incredible as lies. 我们不应该把他的那些令人难以置信的故事当作谎言不予理睬。【辨析】incredibility 难以置信； incredibly 难以置信地5. consumev.消费，消耗，花费【例句】 The engine in this car consumes less petrol than other cars.【派生】oil-consuming 费油的， time-consuming 耗时的 6. distribute v. 分配；分发；分送【例句】 The manager distributed the prizes among the staff. 经理把奖品分配给员工。【派生】distribution 分配；分发，分布； distributive 分配的，供销的； distributor 发行商7.reproachv.谴责，责备。【例句】 It was not your fault, so dont reproach yourself.【派生】reproachful 谴责的，责备的； reproachfully 谴责地，责备地8. Possessv.拥有 【例句】 He was arrested and charged wit possessing an offensive weapon. 他被捕并被控拥有进攻性武器。【派生】possession 拥有； possessive 有占有欲的，不原分享的9.asurev.保证【例句】I assure you that this method will be very effective.我向你保证这个方法会非常有效。【派生】assurance 保证，自信； assured 自信的，必然的10. bide ones time 等待时机【例句】 The lion is biding his time patiently, waiting for the time to approach the deer. 狮子耐心地等待时机，等着接近鹿的时机。Unit 7 1. typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地【例句】 She is typically Japanese. 她是典型的日本人。【辨析】boundary, border, frontier Boundary 指以河流、山脉分隔的天然边界线，多指在地图上的领土分界线。【派生】typical 典型的，有代表性的 常用于（be typical of）2. estimatev.估计，估价。【例句】 The value of this painting was estimated at several thousand pounds. 这幅画的价值估计有几千英磅。【辨析】estimate, evaluate, value, assess Estimate侧重于对所需的费用，某物的价值或数量进行粗略的估计； Evaluate 表示根据一定的标准确定某人或某物的价值，主要指金钱或意义上的价值，意为“评价”； Value 侧重表示专家对贵重物品做出估价，常用被动形式，意为“估价，计算的价格”； Assess 表示为税收所需对财产或收入进行估价，也表示确定收入，罚款，损失等的金额，意为“估价，估计”；3. identity n.身份，相同，一致【例句】 To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity. 为了躲避警方，他不得不隐瞒身份。4inhabitv.居住【例句】 The Egyptians inhabited an area almost equal to France and Spain combined. 埃及人居住的土地面积差不多等于法国和西班牙的总和。【辨析】inhabit, live, reside, dwell Live 为普通用语，可表示永久地居住，也可表示住在一个具体的地方，也可表示暂住某处。 Reside 为较正式用语，侧重表示合法和永久地“居住，定居”常为不及物动词。 Dwell 为诗歌。文学用语； Inhabit 表示（人或动物）居住在一个地方或适应某种特定的物质环境。【派生】inhabitant 居民； inhabitable 可居住的5. descend v.下来，下降【例句】 The sun descended behind the hills. 太阳下山了。【派生】descendant 子孙，后裔； descent 下落，沦落。6.assume V假定，假设【例句】 We cannot just assume his innocence. 我们不能够就此假设他无罪。【辨析】assume, suppose Assume 表示在没有足够证据或对某一看法上有不同意见的假设，含有较强的主观成分。 Suppose 含义教广。作假设讲时，所作的假设与事实明显不符，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气。 7. variety n.变化，多样化，各式各样。【例句】 The shirt is available in a wide variety of colors.【派生】various 各种不同的，各种各样的；varied 多变化的；variation 变化，变更，变动；variable 易变的，不稳定的8.representv.代表，象征，表示。【例句】 To many local people these castles represent a hundred years of foreign domination. 对许多当地居民来说，这些城堡是百年外国统治的象征。【派生】representation 代表，描绘，象征；representative 典型的代表的，代表。8.preserve v.保护，保存【例句】 The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dead bodies from decay. 古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法。【派生】preservable 有保护能力的，有助于保存的；preserver 保护人，保护剂； Preservation 保持，保存。9. pass (sth) on to (sb): 传给【例句】In this area, father passed on much of his fortune to his eldest son. 在这一地区，父亲把大部分的财产传给长子。【派生】pass away 去世； pass by 经过； pass off 消失，停止 Pass out 昏过去，失去知觉。 Pass up 放弃，错过。10.out of control: 失去控制，不受约束。【例句】 You must be strict with the children, otherwise, they will be out of control.你必须对这些儿童严格，否则他们将无法无天。【派生】under control 控制之下； in control 掌管。控制。Unit 81. conflictv.（与）相反，抵触，冲突。【例句】 Their account of the causes of the war conflicts wit hours. 他们对于战争起因的报道与我们相反。2. proposal n.提议，建议【构词】pro = 赞成地，肯定地。【派生】propose 提议，建议。3. distinguish v.区别，辨别【构词】distinguish = dis (分开)+ stingere (刺)【例句】 The