主将从现共4页文档.doc
如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流主将从现【精品文档】第 5 页主将从现英语中含有条件状语从句的复合句中的“主将从现”现象,也是省略语。即主句为将来时态时,它所引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意味,这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。这种提法虽然用简单的汉语省略语直观地揭示了英语中的一种语言现象,但在另一方面却脱离了英语语言的实际,忽略了英语语言给人的英语运用和思维层次感。举例如下:If he goes to England , he will have to learn English.如果他要去英格兰,他将不得不学英语。If it is fine tomorrow, we will have a picnic somewhere.如果明天天气好,我们就到什么地方野餐去。这里 if 所引导的是真实条件句( real conditional ),即所假设的条件有可能成为现实,表达假定所假设的条件实现时会出现的情况或会采取的行为。其实这里只列举了这种现象的一个层次。先说“主将”,这个“将”可以是现在将来时(本人习惯说法,语法书上叫一般将来时),也可以是过去将来时,上述例子可改动如下:He said if he went to England , he would have to learn English.他说如果他要去英格兰,将不得不学英语。We reached an agreement that if it was fine tomorrow, we would have a picnic somewhere.我们达成了一致:如果明天天气好,我们就到什么地方野餐去。而此时,所谓的“从现”变成了“从一般过去”时态。我想这应该是所谓的“主将从现”的第一层次,即“主句用将来时(现在将来时和过去将来时),从句用一般时(一般现在时和一般过去时)”,这一层次也可以称作“初中层次”。第二层次:“主将”中将来时有将来进行时,将来完成时,将来完成进行时,而“从现”中相应的时态也可能是现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时。例如:If the snow has completely stopped, we will be playing with snow on the playground.如果雪能够完全停下来,我们将正在操场上玩雪呢!If it is snowing, we will have been walking in the snow for more than two hours.如果天一直在下雪,我们将在雪地里走了两个多小时了。另外,引导条件状语从句的连接词(connector)还可以是 unless, so long as, in case, on condition that, supposing that, provided that 等。有时,我们可以使用并列结构的祈使句来表达这种类型的条件句。例如:If you set your alarm clock, you won't oversleep.如果你上闹钟,你就不会睡过头了。Set your alarm clock, and you won't oversleep.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.他会得寸进尺。Give him an inch, and he will take a mile.If you don't give him some food, he will starve.如果你不给他一点吃的,他就会饿死。Give him some food, or/else he will starve.在阅读英文文章时,我们有可能看到这样的句子:If my father will give me permission, I shall spend a few months abroad.如果我父亲同意,我将在国外待几个月。If you will take the trouble to read his letter carefully, you will see what he means.如果你肯花一些时间来认真读他的信,你就会明白 他是什么意思了。在 if- 分句中中用“ will 动词原形”并不单纯表示将来意义,这里的 will 是个表示“意愿”的情态动词,相当于 be willing to (愿意)。要注意这种带“ will 动词原形”的 if- 分句在某些场合是不可以随便用的,比如我们可以说:If he gets my letter in time, he'll be able to change his plans.如果他及时收到我的信,他就能改变他的计划。却不可以说成:If he will get my letter in time, he'll be able to change his plans.另外,在 if- 分句中还可能使用“ would 动词原形”的结构,这种用法还是表示“意愿”,常用于表示客气的请求,这时主句动词既可以用 will/ shall 动词原形,也可以用 would/ should/ could/ might 动词原形。例如:If you would try Italian food, you would like it.如果你愿意尝尝意大利食物,你会喜欢它的。If you would reserve the seats, we would be sure of a comfortable journey.如果你愿意订座,我们将肯定会有一个舒适的旅程。推而广之,所谓的“主将从现”还适用于时间状语从句。举一道高考题为例:By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, It'll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked正确答案为 C。我想这应该是所谓的“主将从现”的第二层次,也可称作“高中层次”。我们对汉语“省略语”的应用的同时如果能够注重英语的层次感,就能够进一步激发学生的思维,从而养成深入思考的习惯,思维习惯改变了,眼前就会出现另一个世界,思维王国里会多出一片蓝天。在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作,遵循“主将从现”的原则。常用的连词有as soon as,when,until,if,unless。我们在此引用三道真题。例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?-As soon as _ _ our work for tomorrow.A.were complete B. we'd complete C. well complete D. we complete答案D(2003年11月34题)例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _ their exams.A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing答案B(1996年22题)例3 When the mixture _ ,it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated答案C(1992年5题)