冠词用法学生导学案共5页.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流冠词用法学生导学案【精品文档】第 5 页高三英语一轮语法复习冠词观察以下句子，判断冠词的位置。1. I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays2. They often play guitar after supper. 冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，通常放在 词之前，帮助说明名词的含义。一、冠词的种类1.不定冠词： 和 判断用a还是用an的依据是其后单词的读音的第一个音素，而不是字母。不定冠词后面的单词读音的第一个音素为辅音音素时，不定冠词用 ；不定冠词后面的单词读音的第一个音素为元音音素时，不定冠词用 。如下用a还是an university student unique style European writer honest boy X-ray 800-meter-long bridge2.定冠词 ：在辅音之前读ð，在元音之前读ði, 如：the young ð j, the old ðild3.零冠词，即不用冠词。思维导向 一：不定冠词观察一下句子，总结不定冠词的用法。1. Please give me an orange.2. A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you went out.3. She was a great success at the ball.4. I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.5. Take this medicine three times a day.小结促学:1. “a/an单数可数名词”常用来表示泛指,如例句 。2. 指某人或某事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。“某一个，有一个” ,如例句 。3. a/an用在表时间、价钱、速度、长度等名词前，表示“每一”，相当于per, every,如例句 。4.表单位数量，相当于one,以为“一”，如例句 。比较：There is a horse in front of the house. （强调类别，意为“有一匹马”而不是别的东西） There is one horse in front of the house. （强调数量，强调是一匹而不是两匹、三匹马等）5. 不定冠词a/an用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一种，一件，一个” ,如例句 。如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词通常不可少。常见的有success, pleasure, failure, surprise, shock, disappointment等 思维导向 二 观察一下句子，总结定冠词 the的用法。1. There once lived an old man, the man had a dog and the dog ran very fast.2. Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?3. Close the window, please.4. The Greens have gone to Paris.5. He likes playing the piano/guitar/violin.6. Where do you live? I live on the second floor.7. I have been to the Summer Palace. 8. We are flying over the Yangtze River. 9. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.10. The pen on the desk is mine.11. We should care for the young and the elderly.12. He will get paid by the wee.13. Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.14. Most of us were born in the 1990s.小结促学 ： 定冠词the的常考点1. 表示上文中提到的特定的人或事物,如例句 。2. 表示说话双方都明确知道的人或事物,如例句 。3. 表示宇宙中独一无二的事物,如例句 。如sun, earth, moon, world, capital, sky, universe；但这类词前如果有形容词修饰，也可用不定冠词，如a blue sky.注： 在 in nature（在自然界）, in space（在太空）等短语中，nature和space(表示“太空”意思）前通常不用冠词。4. 定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇两人”， 如例句 。5.定冠词与形容词连用，表示一类人或事物，句子的谓语用复数，如例句 。常见的有：穷人/富人/盲人/聋人/残疾人/弱者/强者/病人/活着的人/死去的人/伤员/其余的人或物the poor/ rich/blind/deaf/disabled/weak/strong/sick/live/dead/wound/rest6. 用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前，乐器类名词前通常加定冠词the，如例句 。 注：中国乐器不用冠词，play Erhu,7. 形容词最高级前面, 及形容词前有very，only， same, whole 等词修饰，通常加定冠词,如例句 。 8. 序数词前面通常要加定冠词the ，如例句 ；但是也可加不定冠词a/an，此时表示“再一，又一”， 如例句 。9. 由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家和组织名称的专有名词前加定冠词the，如例句 。 the Peoples Republic of China/the Great Wall / the 2008 Olympic games注：不含普通名词的纯专有名词不用冠词，如Beijing, New York等。10. 名词由短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时要加定冠词the ，如例句 。11. by和表示确定数目的计量单位名词连用时，名词前用定冠词the，如例句 ；如：by the month/year/hour / meter/ yard/dozen。by和表示不确定数目的计量单位名词连用时，名词前不用冠词。如：by weight/volume/area。12.指世纪的某个年代，加定冠词，如例句 。思维导向 三 零冠词观察一下句子，总结定冠词 the的用法。1 .Knowledge begins with practice.2. They like to drink milk.3. Horses are useful animals.4. They often play basketball after supper.5. Do you like English?6. We go to school from Monday to Friday.7. Tom has lost his pen.8. This kind of computer is made in China.9. He is president of our college.10. We elected him monitor this school year.小结促学： 零冠词 1. 表示泛指的不可数名词前不用冠词，如例句 2. 表示泛指的复数可数名词前不用冠词，如例句 。3. Play后所接的球类运动、三餐、学科和棋类名词前不用冠词，如例句 。play football, have breakfast, maths, play chess.4. 在节日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前不用冠词，如例句 。on May Day, on Thursday, in August, in autumn, 5. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和名词所有格限制时，不加冠词。称呼前不加冠词, 如例句 。6. 专有名词前不用冠词，如例句 。但当有定语修饰时，专有名词前需有定冠词。如 the China of today 今天的中国 ；the Shanghai of the old days 旧时的上海。7. 称呼、职务或头衔的名词（在句中作表语，同位语，宾补）前不用冠词，如例句 。四 含有冠词的常用固定短语，如下：远距离 使结束 散步 谋生 在现场 相反 挡道 和谈一谈 即学即用：一、语法填空。1. Bill Clinton took office on January 20th, 1993, and became 42nd US president.2. He is so lucky man that I envy him.3. World War was brought to an end at last.4. As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.5. The publisher and editor were both present.6. He is youngest boy in his class.7. Computers play more and more important part / role in our life.8. As the weather is fine, let us take long walk.9. She is such honest girl that she cannot tell lies10. How glad we were when we saw a light in distance!二单句改错1. I have read a interesting story.2. She is a newcomer to the chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.3He was elected the Mayor of New York. 4. I dont think they will finish the task in a hour or two.5. We are said to be living in Information Age.