动物实验利与弊-8页精选文档.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流动物实验利与弊【精品文档】第 8 页动物实验利与弊论点1：（正方）不人道First of all,the main disadvantage of animal testing is the inhumane treatment of animals in tests due to the fact that anesthesia for the help of pain is often not used. Scientists say that using anesthesia will interfere with test results. Today the term “vivisection” is used. Vivisection is defined as “cutting while still alive” but it is more commonly used today as any harmful experiment or test that is performed on an animal. Animal experimentation involves the incarceration of animals and poisoning, mutilation, disease and killing of those individuals. It is arguably the most brutal and most severe form of violence in the modern world. It is said that an estimated 50,000 animals die due to the testing on them. Some of the tests that IAMS performed were:· 28 female cats had their abdomens（腹部） cut open and solution injected repeatedly into their bowels.· 24 young dogs were given kidney failure by the removal of one kidney and the damaging of the other. All the dogs were killed after being fed an experimental diet and their kidneys analyzed.论点2：（正方）可有别的措施Many alternatives already exist, and there must be many more which are waiting to be found. The day will surely come when not more experiments on animals will need to be done for human medicine. it's hared to say there will always be alternatives for veterinary research, The most common alternatives that are used today are: in-vitro tests, computer software, and even human “clinical tests”. The use of animal cells, organs, and tissue cultures are also deemed as alternatives, （反驳正方）however animal lives are still sacrificed for the use of their parts. We can only talk about banning experimentation when the alternatives have been proved to be accurate, and safe. （反方反驳）As a medical student, I've realized that artificial means can never replace the incredible complexity of living animals. It may not be possible to ban all animal tests quite yet, but there should be a lot more money, time and efforts going into finding alternatives.新论点3：正方：动物也有权利Could anyone tell me why humans are more important than any other animals? Could anyone please tell me the fundamental reason why human suffering is 'absolutely' more important than animal suffering, why the intense agony experienced by a laboratory animal is inconsequential（不重要的，微不足道的） when view against the same or even lesser degree of suffering within a human. Of course We see ourselves as more important than other species, as I'm sure other self-realising species see themselves, but we cannot use this flimsy(轻而薄的), subjective（主观上的） argument as an excuse to totally disregard the feelings of other species. You wouldn't like it if some alien race claiming to be the most "important" turned up and squirted alien cosmetics in your mother's eye, would you? So I think animals should have the same rights as us. You wouldn't like it if people were doing any kind of experiment on you. Humankind has absolutely no right to use animals for any reason whatsoever, especially for experimental use.新论点4正方类比种族We conduct such experiments simply because we have physical dominance over all other species and thus we can exploit them at our will. But then where lies the contradiction between this form exploitation and that shown within the human species, such as the physical dominance that allowed Europeans to exploit Africans in the slave trade. Why should I be utterly indifferent to animal suffering because I stand to gain from it, yet I am morally obliged to be passionate about human suffering whether or not it could be for my personal betterment.新论点5：正方动物实验有时候真的没有必要. I understand the concerns over medical testing and "human needs over animal lives", but the testing obviously doesn't work because there is still AIDS, cancer and all the other diseases that these tests are supposed to be curing. If medical tests really are needed, why can't there be a more humane way to do it? Why not use people's cells, skin etc. Human volunteers should be used for final testing rather than animals. 最后总结（正方）All in all, the animals can not tell the scientist that they dont want to be tested on, but humans can. We need to talk for the animals and help stop this cruel and inhumane treatment. There are many other ways that products and medicine can be tested; the use of innocent animals is no longer needed. Let us turn down cures that have been tested on animals. Thank you.反方开场：For those opposed to all animal testing, please answer 'Yes' or 'No' to the following questions1. Are you vegetarian?2. Do you avoid buying leather shoes or clothes?3. Would you allow yourself or a loved one to suffer or even die because the necessary treatment had been developed using laboratory animals?If you answered 'Yes' to ALL of the above, then you are free from hypocrisy（伪善，虚伪） in your moral stance(l立场姿态).论点1：我们需要动物实验Animals testing is really necessary.分论点（1）患者的需要First of all , all the patients are in the need of the testing. Why? Could you realize that the animals you believe are being harmed, have not only impacted your lives in some way, but have impacted your families, friends, by providing people with vaccines and antibiotics. When it comes down to it, rightly or wrongly, we will all happily sacrifice an animal in order to save a loved one! Millions of lives are saved every year because of one animals, results to either a drug or new form of surgery. Tell me that Which would you prefer to live - an ill child or a healthy bunny? With rights come responsibilities - what responsibilities to animals have? How many people who advocate banning animal testing have accepted medicines which have almost surely been tested on animals. A move towards animal rights means a move away from human rights.分论点（2）科学研究的需要The second, animal testing is the most predominant form of testing used by scientists. Animal research plays a vital, and irreplaceable, role in such fields as drug and cancer research.The phase of research on animals gave us essential data which moved us on. The knowledge so gained is being used to provide more effective treatment for seriously disabled humans.The results they yield bring a new outlook on life for millions around the world. If animal testing is banned, how will medicines be developed? Will cures have to be tried only on humans? Will there be enough volunteers? How about lawsuits by families of victims of imperfectly designed cures? A complete ban on animal testing will have very serious negative effects on medical research. I believe that developing better, more effective and safer drugs is more important than sparing a few rats. (反驳正方观点)Alternatives to animal testing must be developed but even these alternatives will require animal testing in order to compare results. Will the animal rights activists endorse（赞同） any responsibility of the disastrous effects of their rosy cuddly thoughts? I doubt it.分论点（3）安全性需要The third, It is imperative（必要的） that all drugs released onto the market are safe for humans to use. I feel that animal testing is necessary for the continuation of biological and safety research. Even with animal & people testing, dangerous products still get on the market, imagine how many more will be on the market if we ban animal testing. 论点2：物竞天择Animal rights protesters are just a bunch of city dwellers who don't really understand how life works. Nature is predatory, the strongest survive, and by testing drugs and medical research on animals which creates cures for human diseases, then those animals died to help us survive. A simple extrapolation of the law of nature . 论点3：采取相应的弥补措施：While we should never hurt animals in the interest of paltry（无价值的） cosmetics, research for life-saving drugs and techniques requires limited use of real animals. I agree that animal testing should be continued, but agree with animal rights advocates that we should not be allowed to turn a blind eye to any suffering.总结：Even the most militant animal rights activist would have to admit one thing: if god-forbid one of them had a child who became very ill, he would accept the absolute extinction of an entire animal species if it would save the life of that child.（反方应对措施）I think animal testing labs should be open for random inspection. The results, including photographic evidence should be made public. Animal experimentation is a critical component in testing pharmeceuticals. Our knowledge in the supporting fields of biology, chemistry, and genetics is increasing geometrically. This is one field of human endeavor where the rewards are high, indeed critical to millions who suffer from currently untreatable disease. All in all , we should nor denied that animal tests are need.Thats out opinion, thank you.