2022届高考英语二轮复习：从“已知”到“未知”读后续写的奇“想”世界讲义.docx

高考英语读后续写备考：从“已知”到“未知”，读后续写的奇“想”世界读后续写要求学生根据已知的故事发挥想象力，尽可能使用丰富的语言按照合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整。只要续写得法，学生可以创造精彩、“未知”的续写世界。读后续写需要对原文有精确的理解，续写部分才不至于偏离主题。评分标准要求续写内容与所给短文融洽度高，内容、语法结构和词汇丰富、准确性高，也就是续写部分与原文要尽量做到内容、结构和语言的协同。一、抓住基本要素，理清故事脉络首先，解读阅读文本，关注文本的文体和文体特征，按照原文内容、情节发展续写文章，促进内容和情节的协同。续写的文章多以记叙文故事类或者夹叙夹议类为主，故事线索的逻辑性比较强且故事情节曲折起伏，利用思维导图厘清记叙文的六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果。同时要注意时间、空间线索的描写。也可以根据以下的故事情节图对文章进行详尽的剖析（如图一所示）。其次，通过理顺故事情节与脉络，归纳文章大意，并深入理解文章主题。下文以浙江省十校联盟2019年10月高三联考为例进行续写解读（如表一所示）。There was a thick forest on the sides of a mountain. Many kinds of animals lived in the forest. A deer was eating grass and leaves with her two young ones. The young ones wandered happily here and there. The deer followed her fawns（幼鹿）into a cave. The deer was frightened because it was a tigers cave. There were bones of dead animals all over the cave. Fortunately， the tiger was not inside the cave at the time. The deer was trying to lead her young ones out of the cave when she heard a loud roar. She saw the tiger at a distance coming towards the cave. It was dangerous to go out of the cave now. She thought of a plan. The deer raised her voice and shouted，“My deer young children do not weep. I shall capture（捕捉）a tiger for you to eat. You can have a good dinner.”The tiger heard these words and became frightened. He thought，“Whose is that strange voice from the cave A dangerous animal is staying inside to capture me. I shall run away to escape death.”The tiger began to run away from there as fast as possible.A jackal（胡狼）saw the running tiger.“Why are you running in great fear？”the jackal asked. The tiger said，“My friend， a powerful and fierce animal is in my cave. The young ones are crying for a tiger to eat. The mother is promising to capture a tiger for them. So， I am running away.”The cunning jackal was now sure the tiger was a coward（懦夫）. It said，“Dont be afraid. No animal is fiercer or stronger than a tiger Let us go together to find out.”But the tiger said，“I do not want to take a chance. You may run away. I will be left alone to die. So， I will not come with you.”The jackal said，“Trust me. Let us knot（打结）our tails together. Then I will not be able to leave you.”The tiger agreed unwillingly to this proposal. So the jackal tied their tails in a knot. Now they walked towards the cave together.Para. 1The deer saw the jackal and the tiger coming together.Para. 2The tiger was shocked to hear this and he was sure now the jackal cheated him.二、分析人物性格，明晰情节发展研读文本，分析文中人物的性格继而推断情节的发展。对人物性格的掌握有助于续写中对人物准确、生动的描写。从人物的动作、言语中和他人的评价中来分析人物的性格特点。“It was dangerous to go out of the cave now. She thought of a plan.”推断出Mother deer很聪明和勇敢。“The tiger heard these words and became frightened.tiger began to run away from there as fast as possible.”相比之下，老虎胆小怕事。“The cunning jackal was now sure the tiger was a coward.”But the tiger said， “I do not want to take a chance. You may run away. I will be left alone to die. So， I will not come with you.”可见胡狼很狡猾，同时从老虎的言语中可知老虎不信任胡狼。这个推断恰好和所给第二段段首“The tiger was shocked to hear this and he was sure now the jackal cheated him.”不谋而合。经过人物性格分析，可以合理地预测情节的发展（如表二所示）。三、赏析文本语言，习得文本表达挖掘文本语言表达风格，模仿原文语言写句子。使续写部分的语言风格与原文的风格相一致，以促进语言协同。正如王初明教授所说的“内容要创造，语言要模仿，创造与模仿要紧密结合。”例如：The deer raised her voice and shouted， “My deer young children do not weep. I shall capture（捕捉）a tiger for you to eat. You can have a good dinner.”模仿并续写：She shouted towards her children standing inside the cave，“My dear children， I requested my friend， the clever jackal， to capture a tiger for us.”并且把好词好句摘抄下来进行分类整理作为积累材料（如表三所示）。四、整体总结分析，确定续写方向与框架续写不是随心所欲、任意的发挥，而是研读文本后根据所提供的两段段首的内容进行创造续写。人物性格和情节创设要与原文相吻合。段首对续写起到一定的导向和限制作用。第一段续写内容可以根据已知情节和第二段段首句推断第一段可能的情节发展。同时第一段的段尾又要和第二段段首紧密衔接（如图二）。同时，根据所给材料和两段段首内容，发散思维提出疑问，最后通过识别和分析每种故事续写的合理性，依据自己的价值倾向最终确定续写的结尾。（如表四所示）。故事结尾不仅要使文章结局合理，而且要渲染、升华主题。最后，文末以“Presence of mind and intelligence can save one from dangerous situations.”升华主题。此外，根据生活常识、社会经验和背景知识，合理地丰富故事情节和写作细节。参考范文Para.1The deer saw the jackal and the tiger coming together. She again raised her voice. She shouted towards her children standing inside the cave，“My dear children， I requested my friend， the clever jackal， to capture a tiger for us. Now look the jackal has captured a tiger for us. He has tied the tigers tail to his tail. This is to prevent the tiger from escaping. You will soon have the tiger for dinner.”Para.2The tiger was shocked to hear this and he was sure now the jackal cheated him. So， the tiger decided to escape from the terrible animal standing inside his cave. He started running. He forgot about the jackal. He dragged the jackal over rocks and thorns. In the mad escape the jackal was caught between two rocks. The tiger pulled with all his might. His tail got cut. The jackal was killed in this incident. The tail-less tiger ran away to another part of the forest. The deer and her young ones left the tigers cave. They joined their herd safely. Presence of mind and intelligence can save one from dangerous situations.读后续写要做到创造性、逻辑性、丰富性的三者结合，学生需要地道的语言输入，如阅读文学原著，培养语感和文学修养;平时要积累记叙文、故事方面的词汇、句型和语段。在训练语言微技能时，要重视细节描写，打造鲜活灵动的人物形象和丰富充实的情节链条。以动作描写、语言描写和心理描写为主，辅之以恰当的外貌描写和环境描写。紧扣主题、理清思路，谋篇布局，环环相扣，最终达到语言理解与产出相结合。