全新版大学英语快速阅读第二册课文说课材料.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流全新版大学英语快速阅读第二册课文【精品文档】第 54 页Unit 1How to Study There is a lot of misunderstanding about studying. Most students have not been taught the principles behind really effective working. Imagine a graph showing the amount a person learns against the number of hours he works in a day. If he doesn't do any work, he learns nothing (point 0). If he does an hour 's work he learns a certain amount (point 1). If he does two hours' work he learns about twice as much (point 2). If he does more work he'll learn still more (point 3). However, if he tries to do twenty-three and a half hours' work in one day, he'll be so tired that he'll hardly remember anything: what he learns will be very little (point 4). If he did less work he 'd learn more (point 5). Now whatever the exact shape of the graph 's curve, made by joining these points, it must have a high point. Point "X" is the very maximum anyone can learn in the day. And this represents the optimum, the best, amount of work to do. It is the best possible compromise between adequate time at the books and fatigue. Fatigue is an absolutely real thing; one can't escape it or ignore it. If you try to ignore it and press yourself to work past the optimum, you will only get on this downward slope and achieve less than the bestand then become very tired and lose your power of concentration. The skill in being a student consists of getting one 's daily study as near the optimum point as possible. I cannot tell you what the optimum is. It differs with the type of work, it differs from person to person, and even in the same person it varies from week to week. You must try to find your own. Every day you study, bear this principle of the optimum in mind. When you feel yourself getting fatigued, if you find yourself reading the same paragraph over and over again and not taking it in, that's a pretty good sign you 've reached your highest point for the day and should stop. Most ordinary students find their optimum at about five hours a day. Yours may be a little more or a little lessbut if you get in five hours' good work a day, you will be doing well. Now, what are you doing with yourself when you aren't working? Before examinations some students do nothing at all except sit in a chair and worry. Here is another misunderstanding. People often think that the mind works like the body; it does not. If one wanted to save one 's physical energy in order to cut the maximum amount of firewood, one would lie flat on a bed and rest when one wasn't chopping. But the mind cannot rest. Even in sleep you dream, even if you forget your dreams. The mind is always turning. It gets its relaxation only by variety. That is what makes the mind rest. When you 've finished your optimum number of hours you must stop. You must not then sit around in the chair thinking about the workthat only tires without any learning. You must get out and do something. It doesn't matter whatanything so long as you are actively doing something else but work. 有一个关于学习有许多误解。大多数学生都没有真正有效的背后教工作的原则。想象一下，一个图表显示的数额一人对他的小时数在一天工作学习。如果他没有做任何工作，他学习什么（点0）。如果他没有一小时的工作，他学到一定数额（第1点）。如果他做了两小时的工作，他知道了两倍多（2点）。如果他做更多的工作，他将学习更多的（3点）。不过，如果他试图做23个半小时的工作，有一天，他会因为太累了，他会很难记住任何东西：他学习将是非常小（4点）。如果他这样做较少的工作，他倒是学到更多（5点）。 现在，无论在图形的曲线精确形状，由这些点连接了，它必须有一个高点。点“X”是任何人都可以学习很最高的一天。这代表了最佳，最好的，要做大量的工作。这是最好的可能的妥协之间有充分的时间在书籍和疲劳。疲劳是绝对真实的东西，一个无法逃避它或忽略它。如果你试图忽略它，然后按自己过去工作的最佳，也只获得这个走下坡路，实现比最好的，然后变得非常疲倦，失去你的集中力不足。 在当学生的技能获得一个'S作为由尽可能接近最佳点的日常学习。我不能告诉你什么是最佳的。它与不同类型的工作，它不同于他人的人，即使在同一人有异，从一周到一周。你必须努力去发现你自己的。每天你学习，牢记这个优化的原则。当你觉得自己越来越疲惫，如果你发现自己阅读同一段一遍又一遍，不肯接受它，这是一个非常好的迹象你'维生素E达到了当天的最高点，应该停止。最普通的学生发现在大约5个小时，每天的优化。你可能会多一点还是少一点，但如果你在5个小时的工作，取得良好的一天，你会做得很好。 现在，什么是你自己做时，你不工作吗？一些学生考试前什么也不做，除了坐在椅子上和担心。这里是另一个误解。人们往往认为，思想就如同身体的工程，它不是。如果有人想挽救一个人的身体能量，以减少对木柴的最高限额，一会平躺在床上休息时，一不砍。但头脑不能休息。即使在睡觉你的梦想，即使你忘了你的梦想。心是永远转动。它以品种，仅得到了缓和。这就是使身心得到休息。 当你已经做完你的时间的最佳数目你必须停止。你不能再坐在椅子上的思考的工作，没有任何学习的唯一轮胎。你一定要出来做一点事。这并不重要，任何事情只要你干点别的什么，但积极的工作。 Learning to Keep You Cool During Tests Have you ever felt so anxious during an examination that you couldn't even put down the answers you knew? If so, you were suffering from what is known as test anxiety. According to psychologist Ralph Trimble, test anxiety is a very real problem for many people. When you 're worried over your performance on an exam, your heart beats faster and your pulse speeds up. These reactions start others: You may sweat more than normal or suffer from a stomachache or headache. Your field of vision narrows and becomes tunnel-like. Before you know it, you 're having difficulty focusing. "What I hear students say over and over again," says Dr. Trimble, who is working at the Psychological and Counseling Center at the University of Illinois, "is, 'My mind went blank.'" For a number of years, Dr. Trimble helped many students learn how to perform better during exams and to bring up their grades. Some of these students were interested in sharing what they learned and, with Trimble 's help, began holding workshops on overcoming test anxiety. For many students, just being in a workshop with other sufferers made them feel better. They realized that they were not the only ones who had done poorly on tests because of tension. The workshops were so successful that they are still given. In the workshops, students are taught that anxiety is normal. You just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs; then suddenly relax all of them. This will help relieve tension. But keep in mind that you don't want to be too relaxed. Being completely relaxed is no better than being too tense. "If you are so calm you don't care how you do on an examination, you won't do well," Trimble says. "There is an optimum level of concern when you perform at your best. Some stress helps. There are people who can't take even slight stress. They have to learn that in a challenging situation, being anxiously excited is good and will help them to do better. But if they call it anxiety and say, 'It's going to hit me again,' that will make them nervous and worried." As a student you must also realize that if you leave too much studying until a day or two before the examination, you can't do the impossible and learn it all. Instead, concentrate on what you can do and try to think what questions are likely to be asked and what you can do in the time left for studying. When you sit down to study, set a moderate pace and vary it by reading, writing notes, and going over any papers you have already written for the course, as well as the textbooks and notes you took in class. Review what you know. Take breaks and go to sleep early enough to get a good night 's rest before the exam. You should also eat a moderate breakfast or lunch, avoiding drinks like coffee and stay away from fellow students who get tense. Panic spreads easily. Get to the exam room a few minutes early so that you will have a chance to familiarize yourself with the surroundings and get out your supplies. When the examination is handed out, read the directions twice and underline the significant instructions, making sure you understand them. Ask the teacher to explain if you don't. First answer the easiest questions, then go back to the more difficult. On essay questions, instead of starting right away, take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, make a brief outline, and then start off with a summary sentence. Keep working steadily, and even when time starts to run out, don't speed up. 你们可曾想过在一个考试，你甚至不能放下手中的答案你知道这样紧张？如果是这样，你的痛苦，什么是已知的考试焦虑。 据心理学家拉尔夫特林布尔，考试焦虑是对许多人来说是非常现实的问题。当你'再对你的考试成绩担心，你的心跳加速，脉搏加快。这些反应开始别人：你可能出汗多正常或患有胃痛或头痛。您的视野变窄，成为隧道等。你知道它之前，你'再有困难的重点。 “我听到学生说一遍又一遍，”博士说特林布尔，谁是在心理与咨商在美国伊利诺斯大学的中心工作，“是，'我的脑子里一片空白。” 对于一些年来，博士特林布尔帮助了很多学生学习过程中如何更好地履行考试和造就他们的成绩。这些人在分享他们的经验和与Trimble的帮助下，一些有兴趣的学生，开始举办讲习班上克服考试焦虑。对于很多学生来说，只是在与其他患者车间正在使他们感觉更好。他们意识到，他们不是谁做了，因为紧张的测试，只有不好的。 这些讲习班是如此成功，他们仍然获得。 在工作坊中，学生告诉我们，焦虑是正常的。你一定要阻止你得到最好的。第一步是要学会放松。如果在考试之前或您开始恐慌，拉伸和你们一样硬可以，绷紧的手臂和腿部的肌肉，然后突然放松他们。 这将有助于缓解紧张局势。但是要记住，你不想过于宽松。他们完全放松，没有更好的比过于紧张。 “如果你是如此平静你不关心你如何做一个检查，你不会做得很好，”特林布尔说。 “有一个令人关注的最佳水平，当您在您的最佳演出。减压有些压力帮助。有些人谁也不能稍有压力。他们必须知道，在一个充满挑战的情况下，正在焦急地兴奋是一件好事，将帮助他们做得更好。但如果他们称之为焦虑地说，'这将再次打我，'这将令他们紧张和忧虑。“ 作为一个学生，你还必须认识到，如果你离开太多，直到考试前一天或两个学习，你不能这样做不可能，学习一切。相反，你可以专注于做去想想有什么问题可能要问，哪些是你可以在左侧的学习时间。 当你坐下来学习，设置一个温和的步伐，改变它通过读，写笔记，并准备在任何你已经写论文的过程，以及课本和笔记你在课堂上宣读。回顾一下你知道。以休息和睡觉及早得到一夜好考试前的休息。你也应该吃早餐或午餐适中，避免像咖啡饮料，远离同学谁紧张了。传播很容易恐慌。 到达考场提早几分钟，这样您将有机会了解自己和周围的环境得到了你的供应。当检查发放，阅读的方向，并强调了两次重要指示，确保你理解他们。请老师解释，如果你不知道。首先回答最简单的问题，然后再返回到更困难。 关于论文的问题，而不是马上开始，花几分钟时间来组织你的思想，作简短的提纲，然后启动一个摘要句子了。保持工作稳定，甚至开始时，时间用完了，也不会加快。 Paying Your Way There were red faces at one of Britain 's biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy? 100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-year-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to pay up. The bank lost £ 20,000 on the deal which it cannot get back because, for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and, for another, being under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed £ 20,000 profit. Not bad for a fifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than delivering the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found, in his grandmother 's house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. The clean, crisp, banknotes looked very convincing but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy headed straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realise that the country in question had reduced the value of its currency by 90 %. They exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took £ 200,000 from nine different banks. Amazingly, he had already spent more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends (at least he was generous!) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have kissed goodbye to a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs. Should we admire these youngsters for being enterprising and showing initiative or condemn them for their dishonesty? Maybe they had managed for years with tiny amounts of pocket money that they got from tight-fisted parents. Maybe they had done Saturday jobs for peanuts. It is hardly surprising, given the expensive things that young people want to buy, such as fashionable running shoes and computer games, if they sometimes think up more imaginative ways of making money than delivering newspapers and baby-sitting. These lads saw the chance to make a lot of money and took it. Another recent story which should give us food for thought is the case of the man who paid his six-year-old daughter £ 300 a week pocket money. He then charged her for the food she ate and for her share of the rent and household bills. After paying for all this, she was left with a few coins for her piggy bank. "She will soon learn the value of money," he said. "There's no such thing as a free lunch. Everything has to be paid for and the sooner she learns that the better." At the other extreme there are fond parents who provide free bed and board for their grown-up children. While even the most hard-hearted parents might hesitate to throw their children out on the streets, we all know of people in their late twenties who still shamelessly live off their parents. Surely there comes a time when everyone has to leave the parental nest, look after themselves and pay their own way in life. But when is it? 有红色的面孔在英国最大的银行之一最近。他们接受了电话订购买？ 10万美元的股票从一个15岁的小学生（他们以为他是21）。的股票价值下跌和小学生无法付款。该银行损失了交易，是因为它不能获得，一方面是回2万英镑，这个年轻的投机者没有钱，另一个，未满18岁的存在，他不是法律上为他的债务承担责任。如果股票价值已经上升了相同数额，他们摔倒，他将有2万英镑的利润中饱私囊。不坏的一个15岁。这当然是比早晨的报纸提供更好的。在最近的另一个例子，一个十四岁的男孩在他的祖母，家，一个手提箱的外国纸币爆满。在干净，清爽，钞票看起来很有说服力，但他们现在并不在他们的原籍国或其他任何地方使用。这位年轻男孩直奔与笔记充满了他的口袋到最近的银行。收银员没有意识到，在有关国家已减少了90，其货币价值。他们交换了其面值按目前汇率的说明。在3天前，他被发现了，他把20万英镑从9个不同的银行。令人惊讶的是，他已经花了更多的出租车乘坐，餐厅用餐，演唱会门票，并提出了许多新的女朋友，他赶上了他，前警察（至少他是慷慨！）高于今年上半年。因为他还未满18岁的银行有亲吻告别了很多钱，一些收银员也失去了工作。 如果我们很佩服正在积极进取，显示出他们的不诚实行为或谴责他们这些青少年？也许他们已设法与他们的零用钱从吝啬父母微量年了。也许他们已经做了花生星期六工作。这是不足为奇的，因为，年轻人们希望购买如时尚跑鞋和电脑游戏，有时会觉得如果他们作出了比送报纸和保姆的钱更富有想象力的办法昂贵的东西。这些小伙子们看到了机会，使了很多钱，把它。 最近的另一个故事，应该让我们深思，是谁付的男子，他6岁的女儿每周300英镑的零用钱案件。然后，他被控为食品她，她吃了她的租金和家庭支出的份额。经过这一切付出，她留下了她的存钱罐几个硬币。 “她很快就会知道钱的价值，”他说。 “天下没有免费的午餐。一切这样的事情，必须支付，而且越快越好，她得知。”在极端情况下还有谁喜欢其他家长为他们长大的儿童提供免费膳宿。而即使是最硬心肠的父母可能会毫不犹豫地扔在街头的儿童中，大家都知道的人谁在20年代末还无耻地住了他们的父母。毫无疑问，我们来的时候，每个人要离开父母的羽翼，照顾自己，付出自己的方式生活。但是什么时候？ The Day I Went to Open a Bank Account I don't know why my father never liked banks. Every time we passed one he would frown and walk just a little faster to get past it just that little bit quicker. It seems to me there must have been a big collision between a bank and my father a long time ago before I knew anything about anything. That is, it may have been a big collision for my father but it was one that the bank almost certainly did not remember. That's how I was brought up. Forever walking quickly past banks. Perhaps I took on my father 's opinions as I took on his other unusual behavior. I quickly learnt to frown and walk just a little bit faster every time I passed a bank. I also learnt to fear the shiny steel and chrome counters and the trim, slim and smartly dressed young women who sat behind them. I never understood the necessity for banks until, at the end of my first month as a clerk in an office, I was handed a check for $ 1,500, I stared at it in great surprise. I had never seen such a thing before. I understood cash well enough but this long slip of paper was something I wasn't quite sure about. "Everything all right?" asked Mrs. Smith, our accounts manager. "Yes . yes!" I said and signed for it hurriedly. What on earth was I going to do? I knew too well what I had to do and my heart dropped at the thought. I had to open a bank account. For some reason I thought you had to talk to the manager of a bank before they would let you open an account. I went up to an empty counter and caught the eye of a bank clerk. "Yes? Can I help you?" he asked. "Yes please," I said, "I 'd like a word with the manager. If that's possible;" He looked surprised but asked me to wait and went off. The manager was younger than I expected and was clearly very busy. "Yes. Can I help you?" he asked. "Yes. I 'd like to talk to you. If you don't mind," I said. I was just as surprised as he was at the confident manner in which I spoke. I didn't know what to say next so I said nothing. For a moment neither of us said anything. He must have understood that I wished to see him alone, for he invited me into his office and offered me a larg