（15）Unit 4 Living with technology 高二英语牛津译林版 寒假作业（含答案）.docx

（15）Unit 4 Living with technology一、阅读理解1.    The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.    The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. "We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day," explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.    One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.    In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.    Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)一such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime ratesC.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants' lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?2.    Would you save a woman, a child or a dog in a car crash? An experiment has investigated human morality (道德观) and ranked countries based on who they would save in the event of a certain death situation.    The findings show the value of life varies according to different countries. French people, for example, are far more likely to save women than men. Lithuania ranks in the top 10 for saving both the young and the healthy. The four characters most people saved in the experiment are a baby, a little girl, a little boy and a pregnant woman.    The experiment put forward difficult ethical (伦理的) decisions such as choosing between the lives of a family of four crossing the road and a group of old people going the other way. Quandaries(两难境地) like this will one day be faced by autonomous vehicles that will be programmed with rules that place value on human life.     Tests into the moral decisions involving almost forty million people around the world, including the English, have found that the lives of women and men are widely held in equal regard. The French however resist the trend as they think the lives of women have far more weight than those of men.    Dr Edmond Awad, of the MIT Media Lab, who is the lead author, said, "The study is basically trying to understand the kinds of moral decisions that driverless cars might have to turn to. We don't know yet how they should do that." He added, "we find that there are three elements that people seem to approve of the most."    "These are that humans are saved over animals, that many people are saved rather than a few, and that the young are saved rather than the old."    Dr Awad added, "The main preferences are to some degree universally agreed upon. But the degree to which they agree with this varies among different groups or countries."1.According to Para. 2, which of the following is least likely to be saved in danger?A.A little girl.B.A little boy.C.A pregnant woman.D.An old man.2.Why did the experiment come up with different ethical decisions?A.The value should be placed on human life.B.It's very interesting to do this kind of experiment.C.Self-driving cars will one day face the same decisions.D.It's very dangerous for a family of four to cross the road.3.In which aspect is France different from other countries on their decision?A.It treats lives of women and men equally.B.It thinks the lives of the young come first.C.It attaches more value to women's lives.D.It shows extraordinary respect for the old.4.What can we know about the three elements found by Dr. Awad's team?A.Animals are saved over humans.B.The three elements are equally agreed upon.C.The lives of the old are above those of the young.D.The lives of many people will be considered first.3.    A company in California, called Zume, is testing machines that make pizza. The robot takes and shapes dough to create the base of the pizza. It then adds tomato sauce, cheese, meat or other toppings. Next, the robot places the uncooked pizza into a hot oven. A few minutes later, the pizza is ready. The pizza comes out the same each time. Zume says the robots work quickly and do not get sick. They do not get paid either.    Julia Collins is the company's co-founder and chief executive officer (CEO). Her business can spend more money on better food products because it does not have to pay the robots. Zume is using robots to make pizza.    Charity Suzuki has bought the robot-made pizza. She likes its taste. "It's delicious. It's always hot and fresh when it comes. I mean it's great that they're making it, but I can't tell the difference that it's made by a robot versus a human."    Other companies say they are developing robots so people can get higher quality food faster. But what about the jobs the robots are taking from humans?    Ken Goldberg is a professor at the University of California in Berkeley. He also directs the school's automation laboratory. Goldberg says researchers have been working with robots for 50 years. He says that, while there has been progress, the jobs are not going to disappear right away. "I want to reassure(使放心) restaurant workers that the skills that they have are still going to be of value," Goldberg says.    "We're going to get rid of boring, repetitive, dangerous jobs and we're going to free up people to do things that have higher value. There's going to be amazing new ways of working that don't exist yet but are going to be created," Alex Garden, the chairman of Zume, says.1.Why can Zume devote more money to better food products?A.It earns a lot by selling pizza.B.It wants to create more robots.C.It can save a lot by using robots.D.It hopes to attract more customers.2.What can we know about the robot-made pizza according to Suzuki?A.It really agrees with her taste.B.It isn't hot or fresh all the time.C.It is tastier than the man-made pizza.D.It is delicious and free of charge.3.What's the benefit of using robots to make pizza?A.They work efficiently. B.They help sick people.C.They need few payments.D.They produce better pizza.4.What does Goldberg think of the jobs of restaurant workers?A.Interesting.B.Boring.C.Dangerous.D.Necessary.4.    You have probably read about robots replacing human labour as a new era of automation takes root in one industry after another. However, a new report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs.    In New Zealand, farmers are using drones to herd and monitor cows and sheep, taking up the position that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century. The robots have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have appropriated(盗用) one of the animal's most powerful tools: barking. The DJI Mavic Enterprise, a $ 3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts.    Corey Lambeth, a shepherd on a farm, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective. "That's the one thing I've noticed that when you're moving cows the old cows stand up to the dogs, but with the drones, they've never done that," he said, noting the drones move cows faster, with less stress, than the dogs do.    The drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on the animals' health without disturbing them. Jason Rentoul told RNZ that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone. "On a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done by farmers on foot, the drones really save a lot of man hours," he said.    For now, farmers say, there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer lifespan than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket every few hours to recharge.1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Farmers.B.Dogs.C.Sheep.D.Loudspeakers.2.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A.Herding dogs will gradually lose their position on the farmland.B.The drones can help monitor weather conditions with the current technology.C.The drones are multifunctional and leave the animals undisturbed.D.The market for the DJI Mavic Enterprise is pretty small because of its high price.3.Why can't the drones replace the dogs entirely?A.The drones are much more expensive.B.Cows are not used to seeing the drones.C.The drones can't bark as loudly as the dogs do.D.The drones' power is limited and they need charging.4.What is the author's attitude towards the drones in the passage?A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Doubtful.二、七选五5.    You put a great deal of effort into reaching college of your dreams. It's time to get started. But whats next? The beginning of college life can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adapt to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience.     To save time and money, use the college's bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. _ It's also a good way to be environmentally aware.     _ You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost a lot. Try buying used textbooks it's a good way to save money and serve the purpose as well.     Never look on college life as endless parties and social activities. There is a whole lot more to college if you're serious about graduating. _     Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your studies. If the dorm (寝室) doesn't suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. _ Find a quiet area, like the library, to study. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise.     _ Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid the foods that are processed or high in sugar. The "freshman 15" is real, which refers to many college students gain at least 15 pounds during the freshman year.     While electives (选修课程) can be helpful when you figure out your major, you shouldn't entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades.A. Be mindful of your diet.B. Take relaxed attitudes to your diet.C. Don't take part in too many after-class activities.D. Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts.E. You won't have to locate or afford a place to park either.F. The best location for your studies isn't always your dorm.G. Having a good college experience is all about balancing study and fun.三、完形填空6.    When I asked my mom for piano lessons in 2010, we were in the fallout of the recession (经济衰退). She said a polite "No".    That didn't stop me. I searched for the     1     for a keyboard, drew the keys on a piece of paper and     2     it on my desk. I would click notes on an online     3     and "play" them back on my paper one keeping the     4     they made on the computer in my head. Once my mom saw that I was     5    , she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons.    I still remember the first one. I was     6     by how real the sound of the piano was. I     7     my grade one test after eight lessons. But when I started secondary school, we couldn't     8     lessons again. I passed grade five, practicing only on my piece of paper.    When I was about 13, my mom said she had a(n)     9     for me; it was an electronic keyboard, bought with more     10     money. Later I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The tryouts (选拔赛) were     11    . Some of the questions     12     an assessment of the composer or when the piece of music was written. I felt stressed out. To my amazement, I was offered a     13    . At Purcell, I saved enough to buy my first piano.    I am now at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama in London, one of the world's leading schools. I feel proud: it's been over 10 years     14     I drew my paper piano. I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what we call     15     practice. The paper piano helped motivate my curiosity about how music works.1.A.measurements    B.tunes    C.prices    D.scales2.A.folded    B.piled    C.wrapped    D.stuck3.A.guitar    B.violin    C.keyboard    D.drum4.A.voice    B.sound    C.whisper    D.record5.A.nervous    B.disappointed    C.,satisfied    D.serious6.A.amused    B.frightened    C.struck    D.puzzled7.A.abandoned    B.took    C.failed    D.passed8.A.afford    B.perform    C.postpone    D.prepare9.A.alternative    B.breakthrough    C.question    D.surprise10.A.big    B.spending    C.easy    D.borrowed11.A.simple    B.tough    C.enjoyable    D.fulfilling12.A.related    B.concerned    C.involved    D.collected13.A.r