（14）Unit 3 Fit for life 高二英语牛津译林版 寒假作业（含答案）.docx

（14）Unit 3 Fit for life一、阅读理解1.    We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.    On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,  Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.    Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. "I could see them actually walking under the sea."    In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1 ?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evolution.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They could stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders' Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD.The World's Best Divers2.    Tom Macdonald would describe himself as pretty relaxed unless he sees the doctor. Then, suddenly, his blood pressure(血压) rises.    "I was a truck driver, and I would be under pressure all day, dealing with traffic and long journeys to make sure we were on time," said Tom. "But I never got worried about work. Yet medical settings made me very nervous."    This wasn't a problem until last year when Tom developed an umbilical hernia (疝气). His doctor told him although it was not serious, if left untreated, a hernia can cause bad results. However, Tom's situation created problems. "When I had my blood pressure taken in hospital, the doctor told me that I wouldn't be able to have the surgery because it was so high."     Surgery for patients with high blood pressure can be risky. But when Tom's blood pressure was taken later, the top number fell to below 140 high, but not high enough to prevent surgery. "Soon afterwards, my doctor told me that I suffered from white coat syndrome(综合征). He explained it was seeing a doctor or being in a hospital that caused my blood pressure to rise even if it is usually normal."    "The main difficulty with white coat syndrome is that it only happens in a medical setting, which means you can't really treat it," says Professor Peter Sever. "You can't send a patient away with medicine because once he gets home and takes it, his blood pressure is going to fall through the floor." The good news is that many people do gain control over the syndrome; knowledge can make a difference. "For some people, if they know they have it, they do seem to be able to take some control over it and it can improve," says Professor Sever.    Many hospitals now have methods of solving the problem of white coat syndrome. They include the Will Adams NHS Treatment Centre in Gillingham, Kent, where Tom finally had his hernia repaired earlier this year.1.What caused Tom to get worried?A.Traffic jams.B.Long journeys.C.Medical settings.D.Heavy work.2.What prevented Tom having the surgery at first?A.His white coat syndrome.B.His doubt about his doctor.C.The seriousness of his hernia.D.The fall of his blood pressure.3.What's the best way to deal with white coat syndrome?A.Taking some medicine.B.Avoiding going to hospitals.C.Getting treatment at home.D.Fully knowing the syndrome.4.What can we know about the result of Tom's treatment?A.It's creative.B.It's satisfying.C.It's unexpected.D.It's disappointing.3.    We have a sweet teeth. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It's the fuel that powers our cells. So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff.    Sugar stores energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods. It uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest gets stored for the body to break down later. It's a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugars down.     These days it's easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candies, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, sweet makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. That's more than what is good for us.    Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabetes. However, experts aren't worried about naturally sweet foods the problem is added sugar. So go ahead and enjoy a sweet apple or even a sugar-rich carrot that is also full of vitamins and other good stuff.    Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you don't overeat it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!1.Why may people be tricked into eating too much sugar?A.Because no one wants life to be boring.B.Because we're born to want the sweet stuff.C.Because so-called healthy food can be packed with sugar.D.Because sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the Earth.2.What does the author want to stress in Para. 4?A.We'd better say no to sweet foods.B.Experts are worried about added sugar.C.Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.D.We'd better consume sugar from natural sources.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Be Smart about SugarB.Sugar Brings HappinessC.Why Does Sugar Taste So Good?D.Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?4.    As early as 2005, there were a number of new stories about dog cloning and cat cloning. Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then, with the revolutionary(革命性的) cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland.    However, Snuppy was the first pet, a dog, to be cloned. Since the cloning of Snuppy, there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals. Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed-breed dog Missy. Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning, producing three successful clones that were very alike to the original in character and behaviour. In January, 2009, a Florida couple, Ed and Nina Otto, announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts.    All new technology is overpriced. For example, personal computers were not very affordable at first. Only after the producing process was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer. How much room there will be for organizations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable.    There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local pound(收容所) or are given away for "free to good homes" in classified ads(分类广告). However, there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet. The Ottos are a good example of that. If people can buy a dog or cat with predictable behaviour and characteristics, there is value in that. There is a predictable market here, though it may always be limited in size.    While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped, it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out. With the inevitable(不可避免的) success that cloned pet owners will have, the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats.1.What is the main idea of this passage?A.The brief introduction of pet cloning.B.The behaviour of cloned animals.C.The cases of pet cloning.D.The history of pet cloning.2.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Pet cloning will be accepted by everyone.B.New technology of pet cloning will be invented.C.Human cloning may one day become a reality.D.The price of pet cloning may not be cheap.3.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph?A.Cheap.B.Wonderful.C.Expensive.D.Various.4.What does the author think of the market of pet cloning?A.Negative.B.Unclear.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.二、七选五5.    If you are fighting anxiety in your life, here are some tips on dealing with depression naturally.    Try therapy. _ There is no harm in asking for help and it is never too late to do that. Professional help will always be better. The main reason is that an expert therapist is capable of dealing with the condition.    Eat healthy foods. The best way to fight your stress hormones (荷尔蒙) is eating foods that are healthy to help boost your mood. _ The right types of foods can help you feel better and happier.    Fix your sleeping schedules. Sleeping on time may not cure your depression at once, but it's one brick in the wall. _ If your routine does not allow you to have 8 hours of sleep every night, it means that your brain is not getting enough rest. Lack of sleep leads to anxiety and stress that can contribute to your depression. Depression, in turn, causes insomnia(失眠). In short, it is a poisonous cycle that needs to be broken.    _ Make a habit of going out every morning for 15 to 20 minutes. _ You are able to get fresh air, which can distract you from your daily stress. Going out for a walk is a good workout for your body. The blood circulation improves and your organs and muscles get enough oxygen.A. Go out for a walk.B. There are a few benefits.C. This is a scientifically proven fact.D. Dress up and be sure to have fun outdoors.E. Your depression can start with lack of sleep.F. This isn't the only way to deal with anxiety.G. The first thing any person with depression should do is seek help.三、完形填空6.    North Carolina mom Hannah Jarvis is thanking a kind stranger. The stranger saved her 7-month-old daughter, Calli, from     1     while her family was eating dinner at Golden Corral. According to Hannah's post, a quick-thinking woman named Debra acted fast when she saw Calli choking on a bite of potatoes.    "I immediately     2     my daughter out of her high chair and started pounding (反复击打) on her     3    , but I wasn't doing it right and so I started to     4    ," Hannah told POPSUGAR. "My mother started to do the same: holding her upside down, hitting her back, but     5    . At that time, we were all in a panic. Then, Debra     6     and did the Heimlich manoeuvre properly."    "If anyone knows who Debra Rouse is, this lady is a     7    ! If it weren't for this lady, my daughter probably would have been wheeled away in an ambulance today," Hannah wrote on the social media. "My family and I can't thank you     8     for helping. My daughter has been seen to the ER and is perfectly     9     now. I will never forget the tears that were shed today at Golden Corral as this heroine     10    . Most importantly, thank you for hearing our     11     cries for Calli this afternoon."    Thanks to the power of social media, the post eventually     12     it onto Debra's screen, and she left a sweet reply in the comments section. "Good evening Mrs. Hannah, I saw the news article and I messaged you my number! I'm     13     that Calli is doing well. Love you all and take care."    Hannah and Debra have been keeping speaking with each other regularly     14     then. Hannah said, "We actually met up in Asheville the day after the incident. I'm just so thankful for Debra being     15     to us that day!"1.A.drowning    B.choking    C.falling    D.hurting2.A.pushed    B.drove    C.noticed    D.pulled3.A.back    B.head    C.stomach    D.shoulder4.A.whisper    B.dream    C.laugh    D.panic5.A.in charge    B.in comfort    C.in vain    D.in disaster6.A.appeared    B.spoke    C.woke    D.agreed7.A.heroine   B.doctor    C.model    D.waitress8.A.much    B.enough    C.too    D.over9.A.adaptable    B.outgoing    C.confident    D.healthy10.A.stepped in    B.looked on    C.showed off    D.got around11.A.proper    B.gentle    C.desperate    D.thoughtful12.A.caught    B.got    C.deserved    D.made13.A.delighted    B.confused    C.surprised    D.nervous14.A.though    B.since    C.after    D.before15.A.introduced    B.left    C.sent    D.employed四、语法填空7.    The skin is  essential part of your body and is its largest organ. You have three layers of skin  functions are very complex: it warns you when things are too hot or cold and (give) you your sense of touch. You can get burnt by (variety) things. Giving first aid is the first and most important step in the treatment of burns.    Burns (divide) into three types, depending  the depth of skin damage. Different degrees of burns have different (characteristic). When giving first aid in the treatment of burns, you can remove clothing (use) scissors if necessary, unless the fabric is stuck to the burnt skin. Place bums under cool running water, (particular) within the first ten minutes. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, it is urgent (take) him/her to the hospital at once.五、写作8.如今近视在青少年中已成为越来越普遍的现象。请结合下面的要点提示,写一篇英语短文,分析这种现象出现的原因,并提出自己的建议。近视的原因用眼习惯不健康电视、电脑对视力的影响建议养成良好的用眼习惯远离电子屏幕,避免用眼过度注意:    1.词数80左右;    2