3-现在完成时过去分词的构成.ppt
1.现在完成的概念和用法现在完成的概念和用法2.现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构3.现在完成时过去分词的构成现在完成时过去分词的构成4.现在完成时中延续性动词的使用现在完成时中延续性动词的使用5.现在完成时与过去时的区别现在完成时与过去时的区别6.现在完成时的特殊用法现在完成时的特殊用法一一.规则变化规则变化：过去分词和过去式的：过去分词和过去式的变化相同：变化相同：1.一般在动词词尾直接加一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：。如： pick picked picked wish wished wished stay stayed stayed need needed needed2. 以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加结尾的动词后面加d。如如: like liked liked hope hoped hoped phone phoned phoned love loved loved3. 以以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，结尾的动词，变变y为为i，再加，再加-ed。如：。如： study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加加-ed。如：如：stop stopped stopped clap clapped clapped shop shopped shopped二二.不规则变化不规则变化：需要特殊记忆，但也可：需要特殊记忆，但也可 以发现一定的规律，有以下几类：以发现一定的规律，有以下几类： cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut spread-spread-spread AAA型动词结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原 形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是 ri:d-red-red。 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep, sweep, sleep-ell-old-oldsell, tell-d-t-tlend, spend, send, build-ay-aid-aidsay, pay, lay-n-nt-ntburn, learn, mean-ee-e-e-meet, feed-ought-oughtbring, buy, fight, think-aught-aughtcatch, teach1.另有一些其它形式的变化。另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)原型原型过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak, speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear, bear, tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow, blow, know,throw, draw-i-a-u-sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin-i-o-ndrive, rise, ride, write有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-beendo (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) show-showed-shown (showed)
