2022年阅读填空BlankedCloze .pdf

1 Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）篇章层次的词汇理解(Banked Cloze)这是一种新题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，Banked Cloze 考一篇长度为220 个单词左右的文章， 在文章当中去除了10 个单词，后面有 15 个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解， 即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。新题型和原本的词汇题相比，更注重实际运用，从单一的一句话考察上升到篇章的理解。解题步骤1. 跳读全文，抓住中心首先考生应该跳读全文，根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。2. 阅读选项，词性分类接着我们要仔细阅读选项。因为选项给我们的仅仅是一个单词，而非句子或者语段，所以考试难度就大大下降了。我们应该根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。3. 瞻前顾后，灵活选择然后我们在选择时，可以根据空格中应填入的词性，大大缩小选择范围。根据上下文的内在逻辑结构选择合适的选项填空。4. 复读全文，谨慎调整填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，也需要谨慎的微作调整。1) 判定词性时可以重点分析动词的时态，即哪几个是一般时，哪几个是过去时又或者是过去分词。 因为根据样题， 它对考生不做选项改写要求，所以我们可以根据上下文时态对应的原则，给自己进一步缩小选择范围。2) 如果选项中出现指代词时，往往该选项不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的条件。3) 如果选项中出现一组反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解，要求考生理解整篇文章的语境色彩。4) 如果选项中出现一组近义词时，往往也有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。5) 如果选项为连词时，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果，并列平行，递进，强对比，前后意思一致等。6) 要有总体观，不必按顺序作题。先把自己最有把握的词选出，然后删除该选项，为吃不准的选项缩小选择范围。Passage 1Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts (1) _ questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation ” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however , we become (2)_ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between (3)_ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 Different people (4)_ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is (5)_ in the text. The latter represents (6)_ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is (7)_ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “ process” conversation as (8)_ to a “ content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the (9)_ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well (10)_. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)written E)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awake I)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutely M)aware N)better O)further Passage 2Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can (1)_ performance at work and school. Cognitive ( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on (2)_ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, (3)_ among educators. But the careful use of small (4)_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激 ) indeed (5)_inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively (6)_ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “ But it s easy to (7)_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for (8) _ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and (9)_ failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows (10)_ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent Passage 3名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever (1)_ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much (2)_ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and (3)_ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher s interest, clearly a (4)_ _child will be likely to “ play safe” . He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid (5)_ langua ge. That s why teachers often (6)_ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is (7)_ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ). ” It may have been a sharp ( 8)_ _ of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which (9)_ _ some beautiful expressions of the child s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more (10)_ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly E)adventurous F )discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive Passage 4 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of (1)_ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as (2)_ or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are (3)_ years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to (4)_ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can (5) _affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be (6)_ that youth sport participation does not become children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the (7)_ of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of (8)_ themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches (9)_ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism can create (10)_ levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 A)process B)high C)enjoying D)anxiety E)settle F)cautious G)cooperate H)greatly I)dropping J)hardly K)intense L)focus M)aspiration N)critical O)procedure Passage 5The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典 )in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nation man participants were tourists who (1)_ to be in Greece at the time. Though the whole affair was (2)_ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up. Since then the games had been held every four years except during the (3)_ of the two World War. This was (4)_ a departure from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games. The games have grown enormously in scale and (5)_ performances have now reached unprecedented heights. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their (6)_ standard. Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in different cities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialism get involved as countries vie each other for( 为 . 而互相竞争 ) the (7)_ to hold the games because of the political prestige and commercial profit to be (8)_ out of them. In the 11th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newly come to (9)_ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays, a marathon journey now often taking months to (10)_. A) honor B) accomplish C) had D) moral E) arrive F) occurred G) end H) power I) happened J) definitely K) Physical L) informal M) interruption N) especially O) irregular Passage 6Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always (1)_ such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of (2)_ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. You ve got to want to write, I say to them, not want to be a writer.The reality is that writing is a (3)_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never (4)_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人 ), I had no (5)_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn t even matter that it was ( 6)_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a (7)_ writer. After a year or so, however , I still hadnt gotten a break and began to (8)_ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that (9)_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with (10)_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold Passage 7It s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you ve judged roughly, said (1)_ things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and (2)_ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn t it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is (3)_, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and (4)_ is expressed. I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No (5)_ cause could be found. Finally my friend said to the man, Unless you tell me what s worrying you, I can t help you.After some hesitation, the man (6)_ that, as executor of his father s will, he had been cheating his brother , who lived abroad, of his (7)_. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking (8)_ and enclosing a cheque as the first step in restoring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. Thank you, He said, I think I m (9)_. And he was. A heartfelt apology can not only (10)_ a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something about it right now. A)heal B)mental C)unkind D)regret E)accurately F)confessed G)inheritance H)physical I)cured J)treat K)truly L)unfaithful M)forgiveness N)disturbed O)excuse Passage 8Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details (1)_ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often looked unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often (2)_, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such (3)_ would no longer be so true. The clothes people choose to wear, however , do provide information about their (4)_. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other (5)_ as well. The upper classes (6)_ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colors, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colors, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are missing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is (7)_.Clothes are (8)_ at a price within most people s reach. New 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some (9)_ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look (10)_ and feel important. They want people to look at them. A) available B) background C) different D) tall E) totally F) taken G) descriptions H) degree I) clues J) alone K) appear L) consider M) full N) hobby O)fetched Passage 9Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videoconferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical (1)_ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very (2)_ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Te