2022年食用菌栽培英文版 .pdf

The characteristics of flammulina velutipes F70 1 and its cultivating techniques Yi Wenlin , Wang Xinli (The Institute of XinYu edible mushrooms in Wuhan Municipality of Hubei Province, 430015) Flammulina velutipes F701 is a new bacterial strain which was given away by Huang Zhiwen who is an edible mushroom expert in Taiwan when the writer was exploring the mode of producing the Taiwans needle mushrooms. Flammulina velutipes F701 can be acquired by selecting from many spores. It can replace “Hybridizat ion 19” and “White Needle 21”. The practice proved that this bacterial strain was close, high-producing and whitish . Its production is deeply received by the consumers. The price is twice more than normal flammulina velutipes. It has a higher productivity than the dark-colored “Hybridization 19” for 40%50%. Now briefly describing its properties and cultivation techniques as follows: Morphological SpecificityThe hyphae are white,bushy, and sturdy. They have strong wall-climbing strength and rapid rate of growth. They have a small amount Oidium, multiple mushroom flowers and close. The hyphae are growing in good order. The caps assume globular and hemispherical shapes, it is curled inward. The diameter is about 0.5 to 1.00cm; it is not easy to open the umbrella even go beyond the period of harvest. The stipes are thin and erect, the length is about 1820cm,the perimeter is 1520cm. The stipe is smoothnon-twist, downless and come out evenly. When in high temperature of around 24 , the stipes are growing basically consistent.The fruiting bodyassumes white or pure white under the weak light, but light white and yellow under the strong light. It doesnt have Browning Reaction. The rootsdid not adhere together. It is over 280 per crowd when using bottle cultivation, it is as many as 400 per crowd when using bag cultivation. Growth Conditions Temperature: the hyphae can grow from 3 to 34 , the suitable temperature is 2024 . The hyphae can have a differentiation of primordium when at 334 . The entity can grow at the temperature of 325 , the quality is optimum at 312 , the present flowers are upper limit to 24 . When at the high temperature 26 for a short time, the entity can also grow regularly. Moisture: the compost moisture should hold above 70%. When fruiting, the relative humidity of the air is respectively 85%90%. When at the high moisture, the mushrooms are dry. When at the low moisture, the mushrooms are 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - damp. Light:it can cultivate the hyphae in dark room at growth period. When at the growing period of the fruiting body,demanding that the light be very weak, for example, the light intensity should under 801x or remains generally dark. If the light is too strong, the colors of the fruiting body would turn dark. Air: there are no special requirements to the growth period of the hyphae; the fruiting bodies are better suited to grow in the air which has high CO2 content than ordinary varieties. The acidity or the alkalinity:at the pH value from 6 to 7, in other words, under neutral pH conditions, the hyphae and the fruiting body will growwell. Nutrition: adding adequate corn power or soy power to the compost. Productioncharacteristics Resistant: this strain has a highly adversity-resistant, can bear heavy water. If the mushroom was soaked in water within 15cm, the stipe wouldn t have Browning Reaction. When the stipe grows up to 5cm, it can sprinkle water on the mushroom. It also can storage stability and has high disease resistance.In the autumn of 1999,most of flammulina velutipes strains universally appear to high pollution rate at hairy fungus time, however, there is no effect to F701 strains if they were planted in a large area under the same conditions. They are normal fruiting and against soft rot, root rot and bacterial spots. Yield and quality: As for mass production, it will produce mushrooms above 20 , the conversion rate of head tide mushroom is 110%. When below 15 , the conversion rate is 150%, the total conversion rate can reach more than 250%. The mushroom has high quality, the body is tidy, fiber contents are few, and it tastes good. The pileus is white and like pearls. The stipe stands straightly just like the beautiful bamboo flute. The price is 30 % 80 % higher. Cultivation techniques Microbial strain: mother strains adopt adding rich PDA medium; the original species adopt grain,etc. Preparation of cultural materials:when selecting wood chips, corn cob and cottonseed shell to cultivate as substrate, we should carry on fermentation processing. The fresh trees sawdust must pile up for 3 months in the summer; approximately 15d turns piles one time. The corncob should season first, after smashing mixes the water to pile up 57d, separates 23d to turn mixes one time. The cottonseed hull should pile up one night. Formula: A. cottonseed hull 75%, bran 20%, maize meal 4%, gypsum 1%; B. sawdust 70%, bran 25%, maize meal 5%; C. corncob 70%, bran 29%, stone paste 1%. Using 17cm 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 33cm the 0.04cm cultivation bags to feed, each bag should pack drying agent for 300350g, the rim presses tightly, the loading height is 7 8cm. When the atmospheric pressure is 100 , the cultural materials needs to sterilize or disinfect, maintains 10h. Then allowing cooling to 25, and Carrying on the aseptic vaccination, the mycelium culture temperature should keep at about 25 . After cultivating for 25d, the bag will cover with the mycelium, then opening the bag to urge the flower bud. Management: Scraping off the aerial hyphae and the mold mushroom gently, particularly the pellet plants. After scratching off the fungus, the ground should sprinkle sufficient water, then straightening bag, arranging them in a bed frameon a single layer, putting on the mulching plastic to keep moisture, storing in a deepfreeze, as for urging the mushroom. After 35d , there will be massive fungus flower bud, the fungus bag should be changed to the newspaper, then spurting the spray water, the surface should not accumulate the water, the air relative humidity is 80%.When the length of fruiting body is 15cm and the diameter of pileus is 0.8, they can harvest. After picking mushroom each tide, spurting heavy water for several day or fills the right amount of the nutrition water what called “the mushroom abundant treasure” to support the material with the waters and the nutrition, it may present flower bud after 35d, it can pick three moist commodity mushrooms. (First wave 400g, two tide 200g, three tide 100g). ApplicationThe F70 1 fruiting bodies have many branches, and they are dense, the mushroom shapes are neat and artistic. At Guangzhou Fanyu and the prosperous mushroom field and Zhongshan and the popular mushroom field, produces 10t fresh production to supply the places agricultural trade markets and supermarket every day throughout theyear such as Pearl River delta and Hong Kong, Europe and America and so on, the fresh mushroom falls short of demand.When the price is high, each 500greaches upwards of 17 Yuan. In 1999 more than ten provinces and cities Inland started to promote massively, F701 fresh mushroom is on the market earlier for1020d than “Hybridization 19” and so on varieties, and the selling price is higher above 30%. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - -