2022年高中化学选修化学方程式总汇 2.pdf

1 有机化学方程式（选修五）烷烃（甲烷为例）1甲烷和氯气发生取代反应CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl 2CnH2n+2(3n1)/2O2 nCO2(n1)H2O 烯烃（乙烯为例）1CH2=CH2Br2CH2Br CH2Br 2CH2=CH2H2O CH3CH2OH 3CH2=CH2HCl CH3CH2Cl 4CH2=CH2H2CH3CH35nCH2=CH2CH2CH2n 6CnH2n3n/2O2nCO2nH2O 炔烃（乙炔为例）1CHCH2H2CH3CH32CHCHHCl CH2=CHCl 3.CHCHBr2 CHBr=CHBr 4CHCH2Br2CHBr2CHBr25nCH2=CHCl CH2 CH n 6C4H10C2H4C2H6 光照光照光照光照催化剂催化剂催化剂点燃点燃催化剂催化剂加热、加压催化剂催化剂催化剂Cl 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 苯1HNO3NO2H2O 2Br2 (液溴 ) Br HBr 33H2苯的同系物（甲苯为例）33HNO3 3H2O 4、卤代烃（溴乙烷为例）1CH3CH2BrNaOHCH3CH2OHNaBr 2CH3CH2BrNaOH CH2=CH2 NaBrH2O 醇12CH3CH2OH2Na 2CH3CH2ONaH22CH3CH2OHHBr CH3CH2BrH2O 3CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 H2O 42CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OCH2CH3H2O 浓硫酸5560催化剂CH3浓硫酸5560CH3O2NNO2NO2醇浓硫酸170浓硫酸140CH3KMnO4(H+) COOH H2O FeCl3名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 52CH3CH2OHO22CH3CHO2H2O 62CH3CH(OH)CH3 O22CH3COCH3H2O 7. C(CH3)3 OHO2 很难被氧化酚（苯酚为例）12 2Na2 H22 NaOH H2O 3CO2 H2O NaHCO34Na2CO3 NaHCO353Br2 3HBr 6. 溶液呈紫色催化剂催化剂OH ONa OH ONa ONa OH OH OH BrBr Br OH ONa OH FeCl3溶液催化剂名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 醛（乙醛为例）1CH3CHOH2CH3CH2OH 22CH3CHOO22CH3COOH 3CH3CHO2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3COONH4 3NH3H2O 2Ag4CH3CHO2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3COONa Cu2O 3H2O 羧酸1CH3CHOOH CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3H2O 酯1CH3COOCH2CH3H2OCH3CHOOH CH3CH2OH 2. CH3COOCH2CH3NaOHCH3CHOONa CH3CH2OH 催化剂催化剂浓硫酸稀硫酸名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -