2022年高三英语连词外研社知识精讲 .pdf

用心爱心专心高三英语连词外研社【本讲教育信息 】一. 教学内容：连词二. 基础知识（一）概念连词是用来连接词, 短语 , 从句或句子的词. 连词不作成分. （二）相关知识点精讲1. 表示并列关系的连词有：and, both,and., not only. but also.和neither.nor.等1) and ：和，并且A：基本用法：“and”表示“和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball, football and table tennis. The weather becomes colder and colder. B: 特别用法：祈使句后连接and，起条件句的作用，此时and=if you.,youll. Go straight on, and youll see the library. = If you go straight on, you will see the library. 2) both.and.既, 也,( 两者 ) 都,A、both.and.构成的词组作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。Both Jim and Kate are from England. B、both.and. 否定句表示部分否定。You can t speak both German and English. Both my father and my mother arent doctors. 3) neither.nor.: 既不, 也不,连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致，即采取就近原则。Neither I nor he has seen the play before. 4) not only.but also.:不但, 而且,连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。Not only the mother but also the children are ill. 2. 表示转折关系的连词有：but, however, yet, still，while 等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming. Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train. He was very tired, still he kept on walking. Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some room for improvement. Jane is hard working, while her sister is quite lazy. 3. 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, either.or.,whether. or.等。1) or ：或、否则A: 基本用法 or 表示“或”的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。-Is your friend English or American? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心-American. He doesnt like dumplings or noodles. B: 特别用法祈使句后连接or ， 表 “如果 , 否则”, 有转折的意思， 此时 or= if you dont, youll . Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 2) either.or.:或者, 或者,; 不是, 就是, ；要么, 要么,A. either.or. 连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数” 的一致，即就近原则。 Either you or I am right. Does either she or they like English? B. 由 either.or.引导的否定句是完全否定。She isn t either a student or a teacher. 3) whether.or.不管, 还是,She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school. 4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有：for (因为 ) ，so ( 所以 )。He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold. It was late, so I went home. 5. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。After they had planted their crops, they took a rest. We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us. As soon as he gets to Beijing, hell call me. 1) when, while, as 都表示“当 , 时”，when从句的谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while 从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。as 引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边, 一边”。When I came in, my father was cooking. I came in when/while my father was cooking. He sang as he walked. 2) until用法： 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到 ,为止” ；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式， 从句用肯定式， 即 not ,until, 译为“直到 , 才”。Mr. Green waited until his children came back. 格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来。Mr. Green didn t go to bed until his children came back. 格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉。6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if (如果 ), unless (除非，如果 , 不) 等。If you dont go soon, youll be late.=Unless you go soon, youll be late. 7. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等。because“因为”语气最强, 回答 why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末； as“由于”、 since “既然”语气不如because 强，引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词， 语气最弱， 对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。He didn t go to school because he was ill. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心As it was raining, we went there by bus. Since everybody is here, lets begin. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 注意： because 与 so 不能同时使用。8. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although/though(虽然，尽管), even though/if ( 即使) Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich. Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn t help him. 注意：although/though 引导的从句不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still连用。9. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that和 in order that(以便，为了 ) 等。The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly. 10. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that( 结果是 )和 so/such.that.(如此,以至于 ) 等。It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze. He got there so early that he got a good seat. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 11. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：as.as.(与, 一样),not as/so. as.(不及，赶不上 ), 和 than( 比) 等。I know you better than she does. He works as carefully as she. I can t run as/so fast as you. 12. 引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that 和 if/whether(是否 ) 等。We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句 ) I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句 ) Whether he ll go there hasnt been decided.(主语从句 ) 注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。I ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow. He wont come unless he is invited. 【典型例题】1、- I don t like reading watching TV. What about you? - “I don t like reading all day, I like watching TV plays.”A. and, but B. and, and C. or, and D. or, but 2、You wont know the value(价值 ) of the health you lose it. A. until B. after C. when D. because 3、We bought Granny a present, she didn t like it. A. but B. and C. or D. so 4、Study hard, you will pass the exam. A. so B. for C. but D. and 5、Put on more clothes, you ll catch cold. A. and B. for C. or D. but 6、My shoes are worn out, I need new ones. A. so B. if C. because D. and 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心7、He ran fast he won the race. A. enough .to B. so .that C. too.to D. both.and 8、He is only ten months. He can read write. A. either.or B. neither.nor C. both.and D. so.that 9、She said she might come Saturday Sunday . A. neither.nor B. either.or C. too.to D. so.that 10、If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow. A. or B. and C. with D. but 11、It was already ten oclock we got to the museum this morning. A. that B. when C. if D. for 12、It s a long time we met last. A. so B. after C. since D. before 13、That maths problem is difficult nobody can do it. A. too.to B. very.that C. so.that D. very .but 14、I ll give her the message she comes back. A. since B. before C. until D. as soon as 15、 the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each other. A. While B. If C. Since D. When 16、People often mistake us for each other we are twins. A. if B. when C. because D. after 17、Could you tell me in your home town in winter? A. if it often snowed B. whether does it often snow C. if it often snow D. whether it often snows 18、Are you sure Mr. Li will come to your birthday party? A. if B. that C. for D. when 19、 Lily Lucy like singing. A. Either.or B. Neither.nor . C. Both.and D. So.that 20、Read the sentences slowly we can understand what you read. A. so that B. before C. until D. because 答案：1、D 2、A 3、A 4、D 5、C 6、A 7、B 8、B 9、B 10、A 11、B 12、 C 13、C 14、D 15、D 16、C 17、 D 18、B 19、C 20、A “as” 作连词的用法as 作连词1. 当, 的时候He rose as she entered. 当她进来的时候，他站了起来。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心2. 因为As Davidson had a passion for walking, we started off on foot. 因为戴维逊很想走走路，所以我们就步行启程了。3. 既然As you are sorry, Ill forgive you. 既然你有认错之意，我就原谅你啦。4. 按照I have changed it as you suggest. 我按照你的建议作了一些修改。5. 像Do as I do it. 像我做的方法再做一下。6. 正如As he knew, she wasn t much at letter-writing. 正如他所知道的，她不太善于写信。这里举的例子都是as 接状语从句。以上例句来自张道真，现代英语用法词典句子衔接加连词高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段，连词使用不当会造成上下句不衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。难点磁场1. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NMET2002) 2. The food was expensive and the service was good. (NMET2002) 3. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (NMET2001) 4. I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (NMET2001春季 ) 5. She was smiling but nodding at me. (NMET2000) 案例探究1. If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and whether you pay the cost of sending a post card, the librarian will write to you. 解析：此题whether 改为 if 。此题考查if与 whether 作为连词的区别。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“如果, ”；如用whether ，则表示“是否”，语意不通。在下列情况下一般只用whether ：引导介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或在whether to do, whether,or not,中。e.g. Whether we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.I asked him whether he would go or not. 2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 解析：此题考查定语从句中的非关系代词、副词的用法。where 改为 which 。这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语应由关系代词来充当，所以应将关系词where改为 which 。此句应改为：I live in Beijing, where there are lot of places of interest.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心先行词在定语从句中为地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。如：e.g.This is a house that / which I visited yesterday. This is a house where I spent a happy childhood. 3. It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it. 解析：此题考查并列句之间的关系，在此两句为因果关系，所以根据句意， but 改为 so。4. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(NMET2000) 解析：考查so,that引导的结果状语从句。把as 改为 that,结果状语从句一般由so that ，so,that ，such,that引导。e.g. The box is so heavy that nobody can move it. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. He got up later so that missed the first bus. 锦囊妙计在连接手段上应侧重考虑：1. 语句中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。2. 若为并列句，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择恰当的连词。3. 若为复合句，首先判断属于何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。歼灭难点训练1. When I talked to him, and I found that from childhood he had developed the habit of reading,2. As you know, there are still some students, most of which are boys of science, learn English with much trouble. 3. ,I realized that I had left soft drinks at the store but I ran out to get it before guests arrived. 4. ,the only thing I think is thatwhen I m going to get home to listen to a new piece. 5. The question is, “How can we do about it?”6. ,that old people should usually like to wear dark colored clothes, they are rather hard for drivers to make out from a distance. 7. ,in order to find out that whether the environment of the country had been polluted. 8. I found a most favorable point, and was just about to jump into the river whilethere came a cry. 【模拟试题】单项填空 1. Having received _ training of the MS. Company, he was offered _ important position in management. A. the; an B. /; an C. the; / D. a; a 2. The young man is good at a lot of things but you cant say he is _ . I agree with you. Actually no one is. A. wonderful B. splendid 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心 C. perfect D. complete 3. Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made 4. May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters? Sorry, but all of them are out to _ the main events of the day. A. get B. find C. cover D. search 5. How much will it _ my father and me to go to Chicago? It s 120 in all. A. pay for B. take as C. spend D. cost for 6. Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city . A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up 7. Should I talk to you in English or French? Do as you _ . We understand both. A. think B. feel like C. care D. please 8. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun _ sightseeing. A. rather than to go B. more than going C. other than going D. than to go 9. Would you lend me _ paper to write _ paper? Sorry, I havent any. A. any; some B. any; a C. a; some D. some; a 1 0. The rainy season is coming and lets make full use of the _ days to dry whatever is needed to dry before the next dry season. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. sunny last few 11. So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. been absent C. had been absent D. being absent 12. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _ in the mud all morning. A. has played B. is playing C. has been playing D. was playing 13. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already . A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out 14. We want someone to design the new art museum for us. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心 _ the young fellow have a try? A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need 15. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated. A. after B. if C. since D. unless 完形填空“Weren t you a crazy kid ! ”said Sister. I was. The 16 I was seven. Father gave me a new penny, bright as gold. He had taken it out of his pocket several times, 17 to be examining the date on it waiting for me to 18 it. He couldnt offer me anything until I had 19 some sign that the gift would be 20 . “You can 21 it if you want it, Peter, ” he said at long last. “Oh, thanks. ”I said 22 more. I couldnt show any of my eagerness. I started with it to the 23 . For a penny you could buy the magic cylinder of “ Long Tom ” popcorn （ 爆 米 花 ） . 24 the more I thought my shining 25 disappearing forever into the black drawer the store keeper 26 his money in, the slower my 27 became as the store came nearer and nearer. I 28 down in the road. I began to play with the penny, putting off the 29 . I closed my eyes and 30 it deep in the sand; and then, with my eyes still closed, 31 and walked around and then came back to search for it. I did that again and again. Alas, once 32 often, the penny was lost. It was almost dark when their 33 talking awakened me. It was Mother who had found me. “Peter! What made you come up here and hide? ”I was to have told her the whole story but Father was there. How could I bear the 34 to repeat the 35 thing before him! 16. A. time B. day C. year D. date 17. A. pretending B. appearing C. trying D. managing 18. A. want B. find C. notice D. pick 19. A. shown B. expressed C. raised D. said 20. A. nice B. valuable C. useful D. welcome 21. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. have 22. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 23. A. sand B. restaurant C. store D. field 24. A. And B. So C. Still D. But 25. A. gift B. penny C. money D. cent 26. A. hid B. kept C. locked D. held 27. A. breath B. heart C. steps D. run 28. A. sat B. lay C. went D. broke 29. A. idea B. decision C. thought D. mind 30. A. covered B. dropped C. buried D. threw 31. A. left B. rose C. felt D. turned 32. A. very B. quite C. rather D. too 33. A. frightened B. surprised C. excited D. disappointed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 用心爱心专心 34. A. pity B. shame C. regret D. sadness 35. A. silly B. funny C. clever D. interesting 阅读理解A The leaders of Russia and China vowed to support each other s fight against Muslim separatists and urged peaceful solutions in Iraq, during a meeting in Beijing s Great Hall of the People on December 2, 2002.Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinas Jiang Zemin signed a joint declaration calling for a “ multipolar world ”. His two - day visit comes shortly after the conclusion of the 16th Patry Congress which elected the new CPC leadership. Putin said that Russia wants to “work hard” with the new generation of Chinese leaders. The Treaty（条约） of Good = Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation, signed in July last year, has provided a solid legal foundation