2022年高中英语语法之情态动词和虚拟语气 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载专题导读情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。学好虚拟语气， 除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义是与现在、过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。五年高考：情态动词与完成式；宾语从句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；情态动词的推测功能；should/can 等情态动词的基本用法。考点聚焦：考点 (1)情态动词与完成式“ 情态动词 have过去分词” 结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：must have done 过去一定做了某事He isn t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。can t/couldn t have done 过去不可能做了某事He can t have written this letter. 这封信不可能是他写的。may/might have done 过去可能做了某事You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。needn t have done 本来没有必要做而实际做了某事He needn t have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。could have done 本来能够做而实际没有做某事You could have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。should/ought to have done 本来应该做而实际没有做某事I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本来不该做而实际做了某事考点 (2)情态动词的推测功能can，could，may，might ，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldnt；语气较弱may，might 或 can，could；注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might ，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“ 情态动词动词原形 ” 结构；表示对现鹰击长空 基础不丢名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用 “ 情态动词进行式” 结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用 “ 情态动词完成式” 结构。考点 (3)can 的一些特殊搭配canttoo/overcantadj./adv. enough 再也不过分cant help/choose but do 不得不做 cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做cant help doing 情不自禁做cant/couldnt agree more 十分赞成it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好might as well 还是 的好；不妨考点 (4)虚拟语气的基本用法与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为： if+ 主语动词的一般过去时(be 动词用 were)其他成 ,主语 should/would/could 动词原形其他成分。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：if+ 主语动词的过去完成时其他成分,主语should/would/could have done其他成分。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：if+ 主语动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do 其他成 ,主语 should/would/could 动词原形其他成分。考点 (5)含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if 从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if 从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。I would do anything for her (if I could). 条件从句主句例句与 现 在事实相反did (be 的过去式用were) would/should/could/ might + do I don t have a phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. 与 过 去事实相反had+ done would/should/could/ might + have done If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 与 将 来事实相反did 或 should + do或 were to + do should/would/could/ might + do If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity). 考点 (6)主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在 -过去 ) If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(过去 -将来 ) If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去 -现在 ) 考点 (7)名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在常用来表示命令、建议、 要求、 愿望等的词后宾语从句中用虚拟语气，形式（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：一个坚持insist; 两个命令 order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求 demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire 等。He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. I suggested that we should go there on foot. 【注意】suggest, insist 等动词不表示建议、 要求等解释时， 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气形式。当 suggest表示暗示 ,表明时 ,不用虚拟语气 ,用陈述语气 .如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work. 当 insist 表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气 ,用陈述语气 . 如: The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词引导的同位语从句中，用虚拟语气。 常见的词有： advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening. 在“It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/necessary/natural/a pity +that 从句”等后的主语从句中，从句中的谓语动词部分也要用（should）do 形式的虚拟语气结构。此时,it 作形式主语， that 从句为真正的主语。It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight. 考点 (8)wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气表示对现在情况的虚拟：一般过去时（did, were）表示对过去情况的虚拟：过去完成时（had done）表示对将来情况的虚拟：一般过去时（wish 可接 would/could/might + do表对将来的虚拟）I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorrow He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself. I would rather you paid the money yourself. If only I were a flying bird! 考点（ 9） It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 句型中 , 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或 should +动词原形 , 其中 should 不能省掉 .如: 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载It is time that you went to school. It is time that we should start out. 1. If _( 我没有喝 ) alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home. ( drink ) 2. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论 ) at the meeting. (discuss) 3. It s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _(绝不可能这样做了)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do) 4. After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _(它着陆 )as scheduled the next day. (land) 5. He believes that children_( 应允许 学习)at their own pace. (allow) 6. You _ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt) 你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。1When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people _ all power for several minutes in honor of this great man. (turn) 当爱迪生去世时，人们建议所有的美国人关闭电源几分钟来纪念这位伟人。2Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(save) 如果我知道这一电脑程序的话，大量的时间和精力就节省下来了。3It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 o clock at night. (play) 宾馆的管理方很有礼貌地请求，晚上11 点之后不要开收音机了。4Had not the entrance been spotted by French potholer, Berger，the cave _.(discover) 要不是法国的洞穴专家 Berger 发现入口的话，这个洞穴也许永远不会为人所知了。5Your advice _ till next week is unreasonable, so she is wise not to take it. (wait) 你让她一直等到下周的建议是不合情理的。她没有接受，真是很明智。6Doctors strongly recommend that fathers _ at their babies birth. (present) 医生们强烈建议，婴儿出生时，父亲应该到场。7.When Xu Benyu graduated from college in 2003, he chose to teach in a mountainous area of GuiZhou Province when he _ an easy city life. (enjoy) 当徐本禹20XX 年大学毕业时，他选择了到贵州省的山区教书，尽管他本可以享受安逸的城市生活。8 What s that terrible smell? 可以攻玉 经典例题突飞猛进 过手训练名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Oh，I forgot about the chicken! Go and look ，it _ ！(burn) “ 那是什么可怕的气味？”“哦，我忘了鸡肉！去看看，一定是烧着了！”9.Mike s father, as well as his mother insisted that he_. (stay) 迈克的父亲以及母亲坚持主张，他应该呆在家里。10 I didn t know his telephone number otherwise I_. (telephone) 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就会给他打电话。11 I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning, she _ at the meeting. (speak) 我今天早上没有看到她,她不可能在会上发言. 12 The careless man received a ticket for speeding, he _.(drive) 这个粗心的司机收到了超速的罚单,他本不应该开这么快的. 13 My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who_ ？(take) 我的英 -中字典不见了,谁可能拿了呢 ? 14 I _ her, but I missed her so much. (visit) 我本不应该拜访她,但是我非常想念她. 15 She was in class on Friday afternoon, but no one has seen her since then. She _.(have) 星期五下午她曾在班上,但是自从那之后就没有人见到过她,她可能遭遇了事故. 16. The doctor gave an order in the hospital that smoking _.(permit) 医生要求 ,在医院禁止吸烟. 17 At this moment, our teacher _our exam papers. (mark) 在这个时刻 ,我们的老师一定在批改作业. 18 With the presidents of Tunisia and Egypt forced to step down, more leaders have realized it is high time _to economy and political freedom. (attach) 随着埃及和突尼斯总统被迫下台,更多的领导人已经意识到,是时候重视经济和政治自由了. 19 We breathed a sigh of a relief at last. Had she known about the risks, she _ the operation .(go) 我们终于松了一口气,要是她知道这个风险,她可能经受不住这个手术. 20. If he , he would not have lost his job. (follow) 如果他接受了我的建议,他就不会失去他的工作了. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -