2022年高考英语词组辨析 .pdf
英语: 30 组短语辨析1. burn down/burn out/burn up burn down (火势 ) 减弱, ( 被) 焚毁; burn out烧尽,熄灭;burn up ( 毁),2. how often/how long/how far/how soon how often有 多久一次 的意思,是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般是:twice a year/three times a week。how long 表示 时间多久或物体多长,表示时间时侧重指 一段时间 。对 how long 的回答一般是时间段,如for three days。how far 是提问 路程有多远 ,询问距离的,还可以表示程度。how soon 表示,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对 how soon 的回答一般是: in + 时间段,如 in two days/in five years。【真题回放】Students are always interested in finding out_they can go with a new teacher。(2008安徽卷 ) A. how far B. how soon C how often D how long答案: A3. call at/call back/call for/call in/call on/call up call at (a place) 访问 ( 某地 );call back 回电话 ; call for ( 公开 ) 要求,需要 ; call in 要求退回,召来;call on 邀请,请求 ; call up 4. come about/come across/come off/come out/come true/come up come about 发生 ;come across(偶然 ) 遇见 ;come off 能被去掉 ( 或除去 ) ;come out 出版,发行 ; come true变为现实,实现;come up 【真题回放】Have you_some new ideas? Yeah. I ll tell you later. (2007江苏卷 ) A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with答案: C 5. cut down/cut off/cut through/cut up/cut in cut down 砍倒,削减;cut off打断,中断 ( 供给 ) ;cut through开辟 (出路或通道 ) ;cut up(严重地 ) 割伤,打伤,切碎;cut in名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 6. break out/break down/break away from/break into/break off/break through/break up break out 爆发; break down出故障,坏掉;break away from 突然挣脱,逃脱;break into强行闯入; break off中断,断开;break through克服,战胜 ;break up 拆开,打散。7. bring in/bring up/bring about bring in引入,赚得;bring up抚养,养育;bring about8. run out/go out/give out/leave out run out用完,耗尽;go out外出交际,送出,发出;give out用完,耗尽,停止运转; leave out省去,遗漏,不包括。转载请注明出处:天星教育试题调研考前抢分必备【真题回放】 I m still working on my project. Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _.(2008江苏卷 ) A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out答案: A 9. get along with/get back/get close to/get down to/get in touch with/get off/get through get along with与相处;get back回去,返回;get close to接近; get down to开始做 get in touch with与联系 ( 接触 ) ;get off脱下; get through顺利通过( 考试等 ) ,拨通 ( 电话 )【真题回放】It s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me _ the clothes on the line? (2008陕西卷 )A. get off B. get back C. get in D. get on答案: C10. go away/go against/go ahead/go bad/go off/go on doing/go on with/go up go away 走开, 离家外出, 消失; go against 违反, 与不符 ( 或相反 ) ;go ahead 走在前面,先走;go bad (食物 ) 变坏,坏掉; go off 离开 ( 尤指去做某事); go on doing sth. 继续干某事,不停地干某事; go on with sth 。( 尤指停顿或中断之后) 继续做某事 ; go up ( 价格,温度等 )名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 11.keep back/keep fit/keep in touch with/keep on/keep up with/keep out keep back 保留 ; keep fit 保持健康 ; keep in touch with ; keep on 继续 ;keep up with跟上,并驾齐驱;keep out 12. take after/take apart/take away/take down/take on/take off/take up/take over/take in 动词 take 的相关短语也是高频短语,常见的有: take after (外貌或行为 ) 像 ( 父或母 ) ;take apart拆卸,拆开 ( 机器等 );take away 解除,消除 ( 感情、痛苦等 );take down 拆掉,拆卸,误认为;take on 呈现,雇佣,承担( 责任 );take off 取消,脱下 ( 衣帽等 );take up 占用 ( 时间 ) ,占据 ( 空间 ) ,开始从事; take over 接管,接手 ;take in 留宿,收留,吸【真题回放】 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside(2008全国卷)A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up答案: C13. turn down/turn. into./turn off/turn out/turn up/turn over turn down 关小,把调低;turn . into . 把变成 turn off 关掉 ( 水、电、收音机等 ) ;turn out 证明是,结果是;turn up 到达,偶然出现;turn over 转动,翻身。【真题回放】 What are you reading, Tom? I m not really reading, just _ the pages。(2008全国卷)A. turning off B. turning around C. turning over D. turning up 答案: C14. die of/die from/die down/die out die of 死于 ( 内在原因, 如疾病等 ) ;die from 死于 ( 外在原因, 如事故等 ) ;die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐平息;die out15.give away/give off/give out/give in to/give back give away 捐赠,分发,泄露;give off 发出,放出 ( 气味、热、光等) ;give out发出,用完; give in to give back 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 16. hold on/hold out/hold back/hold up hold on(电话用语 ) 等一下,别挂断;hold out坚持,抵抗,提供机会;hold back隐瞒; hold up【真题回放】 If Peter there? _ , please. I ll see if I can find him for you.(2008江苏卷 )A. Hold up B Hold on C Hold out D Hold off答案: B17. look into/look through/look on/look out/look down on look into调查; look through快速查看; look on 旁观; look out 当心; look down on18.make up/make out/make no sense/make up for/make the most of make up 构成,化妆; make out 理解,明白 ( 事理 ) ; make no sense 没有意义; make up for 弥补; make the most of19.pay back/pay off/pay for pay back( 向某人 ) 还钱; pay off付清; pay for 20.pick up/pick out pick up 拿起, ( 为某人 ) 收拾, ( 开车 ) 接人,接收 ( 信号、 声音、 图像等 ) ,( 偶然 ) 学会;pick out 【易混短语辨析】1. since then / from then on / ever since / ever before since then 意为 从那时以来 ,通常与动词的现在完成时连用,指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。from then on意为 从那时起 ,通常与动词的一般过去时连用,指过去某一时刻之后的时间。ever since意为 自以后,从起,其中 since 是副词,意为 从那以后 ,通常与延续性动词的完成时态连用。ever before的意思是 在以往任何时候 ,常出现在than 后面,其中 before 是副词, 有时可以省略, ever 用以加强语气。如:She has lived here since then. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - From then on he was a model student. He went to Tibet in 1956 and has lived there ever since.It s raining harder than ever (before).2. on board /on the board /on the boards on board 泛指 在船上 ,还可指 在飞机 ( 火车,公共汽车等) 上 。这个习语也可接船名或船的类型 ( 如: on board the Dongfeng 在东风号上; on board a liner在邮轮上 ) 。 on the board除可表示 在( 具体的 ) 这艘或那艘船上外,还可表示 在会上讨论 。 on the boards 中的 boards 是 舞台 的意思,其原义是 在舞台上 , 现常引申为 做演员 或演出 ,常用在连系动词be 后作表语。3. too much/much too much too 意为 太 ,相当于very 。too much 意为 太多 ,可修饰不可数名词;若修饰可数名词,则用too manyNow too many people become much too fat, for they eat too much. 4. on the air/in the air/in the open air on the air意为 正在播送 ( 电视、广播 ) ;in the air意为 在传播中,可感觉到的,流行 ;in the open air意为 在户外 They were in the open air discussing a problem in the air when the news that a war broke out in Iraq was on the air.5. at a distance/in the distance at a distance 是从远处 的意思,表示一定的距离、近距离或可以说明具体的距离,其不定冠词a 有时可以省略或是改为some 。 in the distance 表示在 在远处 ,强调距离This picture looks better at a distance. We saw lights in the distance.6. at any moment/at the moment/for a moment/for the moment/in a moment/the moment at any moment 意为 随时,任何时候 ,与 at any time 及 at all times 同义; at the moment 表示 现在,此刻 的意思,用于一般现在时,也可以说成at this moment,相当于now/at present; for a moment 意为 片刻,一会儿 ;for the moment 意为 目前,暂时 。in a moment 意为 立即,马上 ,表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间;the moment 用来引导时间状语从句,意为 一就 ,相当于as soon as名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - We can ask him for help at any moment.I am busy at the moment.The man was silent for a moment.For the moment he didnt know what to say.Hurry up, the film will start in a moment.The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.7. care about/care for/take care of care about 意为 关心,在意 ,指由于某事重要,或是因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句; care for 意为 喜欢,照顾 。用作 喜欢 时一般用于否定句或是疑问句中;take care of 意为 照料 ,相当于 look afterHe doesnt care about his clothes.I don t really care for red wine.Take care of yourself!8. because of/owing to/due to/as a result of/thanks to because of 意为 因为,由于 ,在句中一般作状语,可置于句首或句末; owing to意为 由于,因为 , 在句中通常作状语,其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的,严格地讲,置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开,而because of 则不用; due to 所引导的短语在句中一般作表语和定语,但在很多场合中可以与owing to 通用; as a result of 意为 ; thanks to 意为 幸亏,由于,因为 , 它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思( 表示谢意 ) ,Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.He was injured due to(=owing to) a car accident.As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.Thanks to your rotten ideas, we went the long way. (含有讽刺的意味)9. catch up with/keep up with 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - catch up with赶上 keep up with 意,指齐步前进,并驾齐驱,不致落后或掉队。另外keep up with 还可以表示 与保持联系Tom caught up with the German girl.They tried to keep up with Britain in building ships.10. take the place of/take ones place/take place take the place of sb./sth。相当于take sb. s place/sth.s place ,即替某人或某物 ; take one s place意为 就位 ;take place 意为 发生 , 用作不及物动词,没有被动语态。如:更多精彩尽在试题调研第9Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.Take your place, please. We are about to start.This took place in London。更多高考信息请访问:新浪高考频道高考论坛高考博客圈高考贴吧特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -