2022年小学英语语法要点详解及练习题-六年级-小升初必备大全 2.pdf

学习必备欢迎下载1 小学英语（人教版 PEP 版）语法要点及习题 1名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es ，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3 以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾， 变 y 为 i, 再加-es ， 如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe为 v, 再加-es ， （但有一个特例：roofroofs） 。如： knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves 5以“o”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加 -es ；如果没有生命，加 -s。如：有生命：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes hero-heroes Negro- Negroes 没生命：radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos 6不规则名词的复数变化：（一）完全不规则：man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth （二）单数复数词形相同：fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载2 小练习：写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 小学英语（PEP版）语法总结及习题 2 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she,it) 时， 要在动词后加-s或-es。 如： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载3 一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) + 动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) + 主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es ，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es ，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练 : 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载4 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. Y ou always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载5 Its Saturday. 三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 3. She likes milk.( 改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答 ) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 ) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _ 四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上 ) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载6 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 小学英语（PEP版）语法总结及习题 3 现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在 be后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词 ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词 ing? 动词加 ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e结尾，去 e加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习 ：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载7 go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句 ) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 ) _ _ 3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载8 _ 小学英语（PEP版）语法总结及习题 4 一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + do ；will+ do. 三、否定句：在 be动词（am, is, are ）l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not成 wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或 will 提到句首，some改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。 Who 例如： I m going to New Y ork soon. Who s going to New Y ork soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载9 练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them. （改否定）I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载10 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. It s Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weeken d? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now 小学英语（PEP 版）语法总结及习题 5 一般过去时 Part A 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载11 2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was 。 （was not=wasn t）are在一般过去时中变为 were 。 （were not=weren t）带有 was或 were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was或were后加 not，一般疑问句把 was或 were调到句首。3句中没有 be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didn t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词 +动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加 -ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 一般过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载12 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习（ 1）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用 be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载13 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ Be动词的过去时练习（ 2）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用 be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载14 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_ 行为动词的过去时练习（ 1）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载15 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 行为动词的过去时练习（ 2）Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用 be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。_ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载16 _ 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。_ 一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now. 8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _. 9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。_ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。_ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。_ 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载17 小学英语（PEP 版）语法总结及习题 6 形容词和副词的比一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than 。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格） 。2形容词加 er的规则：一般在词尾加 er ；以字母 e 结尾，加 r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er 。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有 be用形，有形用 be ；有动用副，有副用动 ) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better, far-farther) 练习一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载18 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary s hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_. 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三)、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？_ are 2、谁比 David更强壮？是 Gao Shan. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载19 _ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友 Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比 SuYang晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和 Mike 一样远。I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的 ,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise,youll _ _ soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载20 I like_.All my_ _ _than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn t _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me. 19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_ _ _than my _. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_ as_as_. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one. 22. Im taller than M