2022年高中英语虚拟语气讲解与练习 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载虚拟语气英语有两种语气 陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。(1).表达与现在的事实相反的假设或想象：条件从句主句If + 主语+ 过去式，主语+ should/would + 动词原形If + 主语+ were，主语+ would/should + 动词原形(其中， should 用于第一人称，would 可用于各个人称。) If I had enough money, I should/would buy a camera. If I were rich, I would help the poor. (2).表达与过去事实相反的假设或想象：条件从句主句If + 主语+ had + 过去分词，主语+ should/would have + 过去分词If I had had enough money, I would have bought a car. （ = I didnt have enough money, so I didnt buy it.）If it had not rained yesterday, we should have gone fishing. (3)表达与将来事实相反的假设或想象，有三种形式：条件从句主句If +主语+ should + 动词原形，主语+ should/would + 动词原形(表示可能性极小“ 万一”)If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go. 注意： if 从句的动词形式不分人称与数，一律用“should+ 动词原形 ”条件从句主句If +主语+ were to + 动词原形，主语+ should/would +动词原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 倘若我要出国，我就到美国。条件从句主句名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载If +主语+动词过去式，主语+ should/would +动词原形If he went to the party, he would be disappointed. (4)在条件状语从句中，常会出现主句所表示的行为所发生的时间与从句表示的行为的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致。如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。If you had gone to bed early last night, you would not be so sleepy now. If I were you, I wouldnt have gone to the party last night.(5) 假设情况不用if 从句来表示， 而是用 without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一种 含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形 ” ；表示与过去相反用“ would (sho uld, could, might)+have+ 过去分词 ”I knew my uncle did have no time. Otherwise he would have kept me company to go hiking. 例 1： We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011江西卷 28) A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 例 2: I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011陕西卷 22) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone (5)条件从句if 的省略：当从句中有were， 过去分词had, 或 should 时，if 经常省略。 此时，主语后面的主动词 （were，had，should 等）被移至句首。Were I a bird, I would fly to you. = If I were a bird, I would fly to you, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go there. = If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 例:_ in your position, I would go. A. If I B. Were I C. If was I D. If I am 用在从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的应用（1） wish 后的宾语从句：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的主观愿望，常用“would (could)+动词原形 ” 。I wish I knew the answer to the question. I wished I hadnt spent so much money.I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would come soon. 例： Where are the children? I wish they _ always late. (2011北京卷 28) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been (2) 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide ) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。 值得注意的是， 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词 not 的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move. 【注意】(1)suggest 意为 “ 表明，暗示 ” 时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气. His pale face suggested that he was in poor health. (2)insist 意为 “ 坚持认为，坚持说” 时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 2. 主语从句中的应用It is+形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 引导的主语从句， 主语从句中谓语动词常用“ should + 动词原形 ” 。常用形容词有：necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等常用名词有： duty, pity, regret, no wonder, shame 等。常用过去分词有：demanded, suggested, required, requested, ordered, decided等It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms. It is important that everyone (should) inform themselves of these rules. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer 3.表语从句中的应用上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词构成表语从句，要用虚拟语气， 即“should + 动词原形 ”.常用名词形式有：advice, decision, demand, proposal, request, order, suggestion 等。His suggestion was that the meeting (should) be put off. 其他形式的虚拟语气1. 在 Its (high/about) time “ 该干某事了 ” 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式. It is high time that you went to school. 2. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish 后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)+动词原形 ”He felt as if he were responsible for what had happened. He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she had been ill, she would have gone to her office. 3.if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式或 would/should+ 动词原形表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式。Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载If only I had not been busy last week. 4. would （had）rather , would sooner 也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 . 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式 . I would rather he went right now. 补充： “ 情态动词 +have done” 的用法must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测。cant / couldnt have done 表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。may have done 表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。might / could have done 表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情。should / ought to have done 表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。neednt have done 表示做了本不应该做的事情。例 1：They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011新课标卷32) A. will B. can C. must D. should 例 2： I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (2011江苏卷 34) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 语法专项练习：1. But for the help of John, he _ last night. A. should have drowned B. would have drowned C. was drownedD. may have drowned 2. If it _ fine tomorrow, we would go for a swim in the sea. A. would beB. should be C. isD. was to 3. He suffered a sudden heart attack and her wife found him dead when she got home from work. But 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载_. A. if his wife came back earlier, he might be saved B. if his wife had come back earlier, he might be saved C. if his wife came back earlier, he might have been saved D. if his wife had come back earlier, he might have been saved 4. I would rather she _ tomorrow than by plane. A. travel on trainB. traveled by train C. travels by trainD. travelling by the train 5. How old would you _ if you _ in 1900? A. be; had been bornB. be; would be born C. have been; would be bornD. have been; were 6. _ the sun, nothing on earth could live. A. Were it not toB. If it were not to C. If it had not been forD. If it were not for 7. If he _, give him the message. A. were comingB. would come C. should comeD. were come 8. Were I to move to a foreign country, I _ away all my furniture in my house here. A. would giveB. shall give C. gaveD. will give 9. I would go to the concert but I _ no time. A. hadB. had had C. haveD. has 10. Would you have told him the answer? Yes, I would have, but I _ so busy then. A. had beenB. were C. wasD. am 11. Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A. wouldB. would have C. had hadD. had bought 12. You should have finished it sooner. I know but I _ the time. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. don t haveB. wont have C. didn t haveD. had not 13. _ water, we could not live a day in the desert. A. WithoutB. No C. Having noD. But not for 14. If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recovered already.A. followedB. would followed C. will followD. had followed 15. If he had not lost the money, he _ the piano last week. A. could have boughtB. had bought C. would buyD. have bought 答案与解析：1. 选 B。but for 表示 “ 如果不是 的话 ” ，与虚拟语气搭配使用。2. 选 B。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should do 或者 were to do. 3. 选 D。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。4. 选 B。would rather 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式是：would rather sb. did/had done. 5. 选 A。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。6. 选 D。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，意思是“ 如果不是有太阳的话” 。7. 选 C。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should do. 8. 选 A。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would/should do. 9. 选 C。but 后面的分句表示事实情况，不用虚拟语气。10. 选 C。but 后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。11. 选 B。虚拟语气和事实情况混合的用法，第一个分句是虚拟，而but 后面是事实情况。12. 选 C。but 后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。13. 选 A。without 经常代替虚拟的从句，表示假设。14. 选 D。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时。15. 选 A。could have done 表示“ 本来可以做某事” 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -