2022年外研版必修五module3重点知识归纳 .pdf

知识点大全词汇学习1account n. C 叙述，报告；账目，账户，U 原因，理由vi. 解释，说明(1)give an account of叙述，描述；说明 open an account 开一个账户take sth. into account/take account of sth.把考虑在内on account of because of 由于(2) account for 解释，是 的原因； 占( 比例) 【活学活用】(1)He _ of his plan. 他详细地向我讲述了他的计划。(2)We delayed our departure _ . 由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。(3)Recent pressure at work may _ his behavior. 最近工作上的压力可能会解释他的行为。(4)The population of China _ 20% of the world population. 中国人口占世界总人口的百分之二十。2pourv. (of rain) to fall heavily(雨)倾盆而下；倒； (to flow quickly and in large amounts)倾泻，大量涌出；(a lot of people) to arrive or leave at the same time不断涌现 (或涌向 )pour out毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等 )，畅所欲言It never rains but it pours. 谚不雨则已，一雨倾盆。/祸不单行。【情景记忆】【活学活用】(1) The rain came _ . 大雨滂沱。(2) The crowds began _ the stadium. 人们开始涌出体育场。(3) She _ all her troubles to him over a cup of coffee. 她一边喝着咖啡，一边向他倾诉着心中所有的烦恼。3lien. 谎言vi. 说谎；躺；平放于；位于；在于link.处于某种状态(1)tell a lie撒谎 a white lie 善意的谎言 lie to sb. 向某人撒谎精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页知识点大全(2)lie still/awake 躺着不动 /躺着不睡 lie in 位于；在于【易混辨析】lie 和 lay(1) lie lied lied lying 说谎 (vi. ) (2) lie lay lain lying躺；平放于；位于；在于(vi.)；处于某种状态 (link.) (3) lay laid laid laying 把平放；铺设；产卵 (vt. ) 【情景记忆】【温馨提示】lie 表示“平放；位于；处于某种状态”，lay 表示“放置”，这是考查的重点和难点。使用时要注意结合意义、词性及各词的各种形式来综合考虑。【活学活用】(1) He said he d never been there, but _ . 他说他从没去过那儿，可是他在撒谎。(2)The town _ the coast. 这个小镇坐落在海滨。(3)I found a wallet _ on the ground. 我在地上发现了一个钱包。(4)I saw that book _ open on the desk. 我看到那本书摊开放在书桌上。(5)The strength of the book _ the fact that the material is from classroom experience. 这本书的优势在于材料来自课堂体验。(6)You may _ it on the table. 你可以把它放在桌子上。4curiousadj. 好奇的；稀奇古怪的(1)curiosity n好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地；古怪地(2)be curious about 对感到好奇 be curious to do sth.极想做某事It is curious that 真是奇怪 (3)out of/from curiosity 出于好奇心satisfy one s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心【活学活用】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页知识点大全(1)Children _ everything around them. 小孩子们对周围的事情感到好奇。(2)He _ what would happen. 他很想知道会发生什么事。(3)_ he should have failed to win the game. 他竟然没赢得比赛，真是奇怪。5warnvt. 警告；提醒；注意(1)warning n. 警告，警示(2)warn sb. of sth.提醒某人 (尤指 )可能有危险的或有不良后果的事warn sb. against sb./sth.让某人警惕或提防某人/某事物warn sb. against doing sth. 提醒某人不要做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人 (不)要做某事【活学活用】(1) She has _ of driving the car in that state. 已经提醒过她， 这样子开汽车有危险。(2)He _ pickpockets. 他提醒我们要小心扒手。(3)I _ in the storm. 我警告他暴风雨时不要外出。6determinedadj. 有决心的；坚决的(1) determine v. 决定；确定，测定determination n. 决心，毅力；决定；确定，测定(2) be determined to do sth. 决心做某事【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子The aim of the inquiry was _ what had caused the accident. 调查的目的是要查明事故的原因。2单项填空_ to try his fortune abroad, he left for America. A. Having determined B. Being determined C. Determined D. To determine 【解析】 C句意为：他决定到外国碰碰运气，动身去了美国。be determined to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”，此处用过去分词形式作状语，强调状态。容易误选的B 项是现在分词一般式，强调被动动作正在进行。7forcevt. 强迫，迫使；用力，强行n. 武力，暴力；力量，力；武装部队(1)force sb. to do sth. force sb. into (doing) sth.强迫某人做某事force one s way through a crowd 挤过人群force sth. open 把某物强行打开精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页知识点大全force sb./sth. into/out (of ) 把硬挤入 / 出(2)a forced smile/laugh 强作笑脸by force 用(武/ 暴)力；强行【活学活用】(1)They _ the paper. 他们强迫他在文件上签了字。(2)I saw a girl _ a car. 我看到一个女孩被强行带上车。(3)He _ . 他用力推开门。8disturbv打扰，妨碍；使不安，使烦恼；弄乱be disturbed to hear that/hear of听说而感到不安【易混辨析】interrupt 和 disturb 二者都有“打扰；打断”之意。(1) disturb 含有“骚扰、使不安”之意，尤其指妨碍正在发生的事，如睡眠、休息、工作等，还可以指扰乱心情，“使烦恼，不安”。(2) interrupt 强调“打断、中断”，特别指打断某人的讲话。【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1) Don t _ the papers on my desk. 别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。(2) She _ her mother s sudden illness. 她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不宁。(3)A snowstorm _ the traffic. 暴风雪中断了交通。2单项填空I could hardly stand the noise in the street, which _ my study. A. interrupted B. disturbed C. troubled Dcaused 【解析】 B 根据语境可知“街上的噪声干扰了我学习”interrupt 中断，打断； disturb妨碍，扰乱； trouble 使困恼，使不安；cause 引起，导致。结合语境只有B 正确。.短语学习1make up构成，组成，形成；编造；装扮；补足，弥补；和解be made up of由组成 make for 朝前进make it 做成；成功；到达make into 把制成make out 听出，看出，辨认出；理解，明白【活学活用】根据语境用make 短语的适当形式填空(1) They had a quarrel but _ at last. (2) The audience _ the exits when the alarm sounded. (3) He says he will get up at 6 o clock next tomorrow, but he will never _ . (4) Women _ only a small proportion(比例) of the prison population. (5) I must _ the loss anyhow. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页知识点大全2to start with (at the beginning, at first)起初，开始时； (for one thing)第一，首先 (给出首要理由 )start with( begin with)以开始start over 重新开始 start out 出发，动身【活学活用】(1) I was pretty nervous _, but after a while I was fine. 我一开始有些紧张，但过了一会儿就好了。(2) I don t want to buy that car. _ ,it is much too expensive. 我不想买那辆车，首先它太贵了。(3)What time did you _ ?你是几点钟动身的？3set off(to start to go somewhere)出发，动身 (for 地点 )；(to cause an explosion)使爆炸； (to make sth. start happening, especially when you do not intend to do so)引起，激发(1) set out (for)启程，动身 (去) set out to do sth. 着手做某事 set about (doing) sth. 着手做某事 set aside 留出，省出set in (be set in ) 以为背景 set up 建立，设立；开创，开办(2) set a date/time (for ) 确定 的日期 /时间set the alarm 设置闹钟 set the table 摆桌子 (准备吃饭 ) .句型学习He sounds as if he s going to die of fright! 他听起来好像要吓死了！句型公式as if “好像”，引导从句look/seem/sound/appear, etc. as if 从句主句 as if 引导的从句主句 as ifto do/doing/done，etc. 【活学活用】根据语境用set 短语的适当形式填空(1) Try to _ some time each day for exercise. (2) Jerry and I _ on foot for the beach. (3) Any movement could have _ the bomb. (4) They want to _ their own importexport business. (5) On arriving there, they _ to do the task. (6) The movie is _ Shanghai in the 1940 s. 【注意事项】(1)as if 从句的语气及时态as if 从句用陈述语气的情况：当说话者认为句子所叙述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页知识点大全It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况：当说话人认为句子所叙述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：a. 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。b. 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”表示。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。c. 从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”表示。如：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。(2) as if 还可用于省略句中如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和be 动词，这样as if 后就只剩下形容词(短语)、介词短语、不定式或分词等。如：Tom raised his hands as if (he was) to say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气了。【活学活用】(1)He behaved as if nothing _ . 他表现得若无其事。(2) It s my birthday. As if _ !今天是我的生日。你好像不知道似的！课后练习.单词拼写1The law applies to all EU countries; Britain is no e_. 2With the help of his friends, he finally s_ the problem. 3I p_ when I saw smoke coming out of the engine. 4The paper published a _ (评论 ) of her book. 5A s_ is used to protect us from bad weather. .选词填空hang on ， to start with， make one s way， play a trick on， make one s fortune 1. No one likes to _ . 2. He went to New York City without a penny in his pocket, hoping to _ . 3. _ we haven t enough money, and secondly we re too busy.4. _ a minute. I will get him. 5. He _ towards the seaside, curious but a little frightened. .单项填空精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页知识点大全12010 江苏卷 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good _. Aexpectation Breputation C contribution Dcivilization 【解析】 B本题考查名词辨析。have a very good reputation表示“享有很高的声誉”。 expectation 期待、期望， contribution贡献， civilization 文明，均不符合语境，故排除。2People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began. Acurious Bexcited C anxious Dcareful 【解析】 A本题考查形容词辨析。be curious about sth.对某事好奇。32010 天津卷 My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. Aby Bon Cfor Dagainst 【解析】 D本题考查固定搭配。warn sb. against (doing) sth.警告某人不要做某事。根据语境选D。4Dont worry if you dont understand everything. The teacher will _ the main points at the end. Arecover Breview C require Dremember 【解析】 B本题考查动词辨析。review 复习； recover 恢复； require 要求；remember 记住。5Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined. Aspot Bdismiss C shelter Ddistinguish 【解析】 C本题考查动词辨析。根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说“父母们想保护孩子们不受到任何伤害”。shelter 作动词可表示“保护，庇护”。 spot 弄脏，认出，发现，定位；dismiss 开除，使解散；distinguish 区别。6Im not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a _ imagination. Aclear Bcautious C funny Dvivid 【解析】 D本题考查形容词辨析。vivid 生动的； clear 清晰的； cautious 谨慎的；funny 有趣的。7American Indians _ about five percent of the US.population. Afill up Bbring up C make up Dset up 【解析】 C本题考查动词短语辨析。A 项 fill up 表示“装满，填满”；B 项 bring up表示“抚养”； C 项 make up 表示“组成，编造，虚构，化妆，和解”；D 项 set up表示“建立，建造”。句意为：美国的印第安人大约占美国总人口的百分之五。8Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German. Agave off Bturned down Ctook over Dset aside 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页知识点大全【解析】 D本题考查动词短语辨析。give off 表示“发出 (光等 )，排出，放出”；turn down表示“把声音调小，拒绝”；take over 表示“接管”； set aside 表示“撇开，放在一边，不顾；保留”。9His illness _ his absence. Amakes out Baccounts for C figures out Dfinds out 【解析】 B本题考查动词短语辨析。account for解释的原因。句意为：他因为生病，所以才缺席。102011 天津卷 I_ a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. Aborrowed Bopened C entered Dordered 【解析】 B考查动词辨析。open a bank account意为“开了一个银行账户”。句意为：暑假期间，我做兼职挣了1,000 美元之后，就开了一个银行账户。borrow 借；enter 进入； order 定购，命令。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页