2022年2022年课文翻译) .pdf

Longing for a New Welfare System A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars. 福利受益人被认为是骗子。人人都这么想。我认识的很多轮椅上的人，面临着与猫分享粗糙的宠物食品的境地，都想从福利系统中多捞几个钱。他们告诉政府他们少拿了两百美元的养老金， 就能得到一点额外的救济款。或者， 他们告诉社会工作者房东提高了一百美元房租。I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. I even tell welfare how much I make! Oh, Im tempted to get paid under the table. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They keep my records, and that information goes right into the governments computer. Very high- profile. 我宁愿过一种诚实无欺的生活。所以， 我出门去招揽活计，画点漫画。 我甚至告诉福利机构我挣了多少！噢，我倒是想偷偷地挣钱。但是，即使我抵抗不了这种诱惑，大型杂志社也不会去给我惹麻烦。他们会保留我的记录，这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。真是态度鲜明。As a welfare client Im expected to bow before the caseworker. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. Im not being bitter. Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call Suzanne, a detective in shorts. 作为一名福利救济者，我只好在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。社会工作者深知他们被很多救济者愚弄， 作为补偿， 他们有权让这些救济者卑躬屈膝。我并不怀恨在心。很多社会工作者刚开始都是受过大学教育，带着理想主义又思想开明的人。但是在这个现实需要人们撒谎的福利系统里，几年之后，他们变成一个我称作“ 苏珊娜 ” 一样的人，一个穿短裤的侦探。Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall. Whered you get the money for those? she wanted to know . 去年圣诞节不久，苏珊娜来到我的公寓视察，看见几张贴在墙上的新海报。“ 你从哪里来钱搞这些？ ” 她想知道。Friends and family. “ 朋友和家人。 ”Well, youd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts. “ 嗯，最好有一张收条，真的，所有馈赠和礼物都要上报。This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back. I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? 这是在暗示我要哀求她了。我却顶了回去。 “ 某天我从大街上得到一支烟，需要报告吗？“名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - Well Im sorry, but I dont make the rules, Mr. Callahan. “ 真抱歉，但是规矩不是我定的，卡拉汉先生。”Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare wont spend the money maintaining it properly. You know, Mr. Callahan, Ive heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训诫我，因为福利机构不肯出钱好好修，老是抛锚。“ 你知道，卡拉汉先生，我听说你的轮椅比一般人开得远。”Of course I do. Im an active worker, not a vegetable. I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair. I wonder what shed think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work. 的确如此。 我是个工作积极的人，又不是一个呆子。我住在闹市区，所以我可以驾着轮椅到处转转。我在想要是她有一天突然摔坏了髋部，不得不蠕行去上班的时候她会怎么想。Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me. But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs. Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldnt work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture. Finally, shed say, Well, if I can find time today, Ill call the medical worker. 政府削减福利开支已经导致了饥饿，殃及了很多人， 不光是我。 脊髓受伤的人对这个削减有独特的体会。政府不再照顾我们的轮椅。每次我的轮椅坏了，掉了一个螺丝，需要一个新轴承，刹车失灵，等等，我打电话给苏珊娜，由得忍受一番教训。最后她会说，“ 好吧，如果今天我有时间，我会找医务人员的。”She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital. They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair. 她应该是先通知医务人员，确保确实存在问题。然后，医务人员打电话给轮椅修理公司，获得最低报价， 再通知州府的福利总办公室。他们要考虑几天， 这时我躺在床上，不能行动。最后，如果幸运的话，他们会打电话来，批准维修。When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne startedvisiting every fortnight instead of every two months. She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny. 当福利机构知道我依靠漫画挣钱后，苏珊娜开始两个星期“ 拜访 ” 一次，不再是两个月。她搜查每一个角落， 寻找没有报告的器具，或者女仆， 或者烤箱里的烤猪，或者停在房后新买的直升机什么的。 她从来都是一无所获。但每次最后都有一大堆表格要填，每一分想钱都要写清楚。There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market. Its impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - time I need a spare part for my wheelchair. 法律中没有关于如何脱离福利救济的相关规定。我是一个独立的生意人，正在慢慢建立自己的市场。 突然跳出福利救济，一个月挣上美元是不可能的。但是我愿意自己支付一部分生活费用，在需要给轮椅买点配件时不至于遭遇如此尴尬的境地。There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking. 应该有一个律师捍卫福利救济人的权利，因为现行的福利系统不仅让福利提供者滥用权利，也让福利救济对象滥用。某天福利机构派苏珊娜到我的公寓来视察，因为药剂师说我最近比平时用了更多的药品。确实，人造的排尿孔尺寸变了，与尿袋的连接处在泄露。While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it. The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little. Would I sit on the governors committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time? 她正在做记录的时候，我的电话响了， 苏珊娜接着。 打电话的人是一个州议员，吓了苏珊娜一小跳。 对于数以千计像我一样的福利救济对象，如果允许的话， 他们能够部分或完全自食其力，我该在州委员会做点什么吗？Hell, yes, I would! Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear or just hold a good, steady job. 还用说吗， 当然了！ 某天像我一样的人，会在一个新的福利体制下过上好日子，收到鼓励，而不是宣布他们诈骗。他们能够自由地发展他们的才智，没有负罪与恐惧感 或者，拥有一份稳当的好工作The reading passage explores the problems of the present welfare system and expresses the desire to have a new system. The passages can be broadly divided into three parts: how people behave under the present welfare system and what the problems are with it and what should be required of the new system. Look at the following chart and you will find: 1. The first part of the passage is made up of 3 paragraphs: from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3, focusing on how the people concerned behave under the present welfare system. Paragraph 1 is about the welfare clients: they are always cheating more out of the welfare. Paragraph 2 tells us, with one example offered, that there are welfare clients who choose to live a life of complete honesty, telling welfare caseworkers how much they make. Paragraph 3 is about the relationship between welfare clients and welfare caseworkers: Welfare clients have to bow to caseworkers respectfully, and the latter feel they deserve it. Welfare caseworkers, under the present welfare system, become detectives. 2. The second part of the passage consists of 11 paragraphs, from Paragraph 4 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - to Paragraph 14. This part deals with the problems of the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers, like detectives, trying to find anything unreported, welfare clients difficulties in obtaining help, the embarrassing situation for welfare clients when trying to make money and lastly the problem of the welfare system and the legal system. Paragraphs 4 to 8 are about welfare caseworkers like detectives trying to convict welfare clients of cheating, with one example offered. From Paragraphs 9 to 12 we learn how extremely difficult it is for welfare clients to have their wheelchairs repaired, with one example offered, too. Paragraph 13 describes the welfare clients embarrassing situation of being questioned to account for every penny when making money out of their own abilities. Paragraph 14 indicates the problem with the welfare system that the law does not encourage clients to work part time and make a gradual shift away from welfare. 3. The third part of the passage has 3 paragraphs, from Paragraph 15 to Paragraph 17, dealing with what should be done with the present welfare system. Paragraph 15 demands that welfare clients should have lawyers to protect their rights. Paragraph 16 suggests that the welfare system should help those who want to earn part or all of their own livings. And Paragraph 17 expresses a desire for a new system that will encourage welfare clients to develop their talents without feeling guilty or fearful, a new system that will not seek to convict welfare clients of cheating. social welfare：Public assistance programs, commonly called “welfare ”, provide cash orbenefits for particular categories of the financially needy. The U.S. welfare system operates on both the federal and state levels. The federal welfare program is known as Social Security that provides benefits or assistance for child care, disability, food and medical assistance (also known as medicaid). The state welfare programs, on the other hand, provide assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance. U.S. welfare programs grew significantly in the decades following World War II, but increases in welfare costs during the 1960s and 1970s brought into question the extent and quality of public assistance. In the early 1980s the Reagan Administration reduced welfare expenditures and suggested turning responsibility for welfare funding over to the states. The cuts in federal funding that took effect during the Reagan Administration did in fact effectively place the responsibility for maintaining funding levels on the states and, in some cases, on the larger cities. The result has been a widening of the already existing disparities in social services spending between states, and between cities and regions within a state. An example of the state welfare system can be seen at http:/www.state.tn.usunder the Health and Social Programs section. Social welfare is an integrated part of a countrys social policy. For an introduction on this topic, check out the website at http:/www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/. The website offers definitions of such concepts as welfare and welfare state and discussions on welfare systems of other countries (in addition to the U.S.). 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -