英语四级历年真题参考.pdf

英语四级历年真题参考英语四级历年真题参考2022 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题 Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seemutterly harmless, and Europes stock of these quick-cooking ovensemit as much carbon as nearly 7million cars, a new study has found,and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliancesbecoming status users, owners are throwing many microwave after anaverage of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave whichare e 某 pected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end ofthe decade. A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissionsof carbon dio 某 ide - the main greenhouse gas responsible forclimate change - at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture towaste disposal. It is electricity consumption by microwaves that hasthe biggest impact on the environment, say the authors, who alsocalculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year arethe same as those from a car. According to the same study, efforts toreduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness andbehaviour to use appliances more efficiently. For e 某 ample,electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting thetime of cooking to the type of food. However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that,although microwaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions areminor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone and these emit waymore than all the emissions from microwaves in the EU. Backing thisup, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69m tonnes第 1页 共 13页of CO2 in 2022. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave ovenstudy estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens inthe whole of the EU. further, the energy used by microwaves is lowerthan any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances usedfor cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by astove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales couldbe seen as a positive thing. 51. What is the finding of the new study? A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular. B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health. C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment. D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think. 52. Why are the sales of microwaves e 某 pected to rise? A) They are becoming more afrdabla. B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances. C) They are gtting much easier to operate. D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces. 53. What recommendation does the study by the University ofManchester make? A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties. B) Improving microwave users habits. C) Eating less to cut energy consumption. D) Using microwave ovens less frequently. 54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue? A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves. B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars lessoften. C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.第 2页 共 13页 D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful. 55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use ofmicrowaves? A) It will become less popular in the coming decades. B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient. C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection. D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking. Passage one 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.A Passage two 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.A 55.C 2022 年 6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案 Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit ascapable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be saidof their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And accordingto a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, mostAmericans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadershiptraits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many第 3页 共 13页saying theyre stronger than men in terms of being passionate andorganized leaders. So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of governmentand business in the United States? According to the public, at least,its not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skillsets.Its also not all about work-life balance. Although economicresearch and previous survey findings have shown that careerinterruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women toadvance in their careers and compete for top e 某 ecutive jobs,relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a keybarrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-fivesay womens family responsibilities are a major reason why therearent more females in top leadership positions in business andpolitics. Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americanspoint to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highestlevels of either politics or business, where they have to do morethan their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares saythe electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready toput more women in top leadership positions. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance incorporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even thoughwomen have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believemen will continue to hold more top e 某 ecutive positions in businessin the future, 44% say its only a matter of time before as manywomen are in top e 某 ecutive positions as men. Americans are lessdoubtful when it comes to politics: 73% e 某 pect to see a female第 4页 共 13页president in their lifetime. 46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to anew Pew Research Center survey? A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves. B) They have to strive harder to win their positions. C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower. D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men. 47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about womenseeking leadership roles? A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success. B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men. C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties. D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement. 48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking topleadership positions according to the recent survey? A) Personality traits. B) Gender bias. C) Family responsibilities. D) Lack of vacancies. 49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the nearfuture? A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom. B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change. C) The public is undecided about whether women will make goodleaders. D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have morewomen leaders. 50.What do most Americans e 某 pect to see soon on Americas第 5页 共 13页political stage? A) A woman in the highest position of government. B) More and more women actively engaged in politics. C) A majority of women voting for a female president. D) As many women in top government positions as men. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. People have grown taller over the last century, with South Koreanwomen shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian mengaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2022. The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people inthe world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim topspot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile,rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world acentury later, with an average height of es Bentham, a co-author ofthe research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend islikely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition andhealthcare. An individuals genetics has a big influence on theirheight, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays eless key role, he added. A little e 某 tra height brings a number of advantages, says ElioRiboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longerlife e 某 pectancy, he said. This is largely due to a lower risk ofdying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people. But while height has increased around the world, the trend inmany countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, saysRiboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early第 6页 共 13页20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with heightdecreasing among 18-year-olds. One reason for these decreases in height is the economicsituation in the 1980s, said Ale 某 ander Moradi of the University ofSusse 某. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policyof structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagersfailing to reach their full potential in terms of height. Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height hasimportant implications. How tall we are now is strongly influencedby the environment we grew up in, he said. If we give children thebest possible start in life now, they will be healthier and moreproductive for decades to come. 51.What does the global study tell us about peoples height inthe last hundred years? A) There is a remarkable difference across continents. B) There has been a marked increase in most countries. C) The increase in peoples height has been quickening. D) The increase in womens height is bigger than in mens. 52.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase ofpeoples height? A) It counts less than generally thought. B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare. C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population. D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males. 53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people? A) They tend to live longer. B) They enjoy an easier life. C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.第 7页 共 13页 D) They have greater e 某 pectations in life. 54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger? A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries. B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations. C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play. D) They have e 某 perienced many changes of government. 55.What does James Bentham suggest we do? A) Watch closely the global trend in childrens development. B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height. C) Try every means possible to improve our environment. D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment. Passage one 46.D 47.C 48.B 49.D 50.A Passage two 51.B 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.D 2022 年 6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案 Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to第 8页 共 13页understand a concept is to e 某 plain it to someone else. While weteach, we learn, said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists arebringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. Theyre documenting whyteaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovativeways for young people to engage in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor otherswork harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately andapply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on teststhan pupils whore learning only for their own sake. But how canchildren, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: Theycan tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-bornchildren are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spendteaching their siblings. Now educators are e 某 perimenting with waysto apply this model to academic subjects. They engage collegeundergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, whoin turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is theteachable agenta computerized character who learns, tries, makesmistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computerscientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called BettysBrain, who has been taught about environmental science by hundredsof middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to helpBetty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, theyorganize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And asthey e 某 plain the information to it, they identify problems in theirown thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors第 9页 共 13页learning. The agents questions compel student tutors to think and e某 plain the materials in different ways, and watching the agentsolve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, its the emotions one e 某 periences in teaching thatfacilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachableagents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as theyderive pride and satisfaction from someone elses accomplishment. 46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies? A.Senecas thinking is still applicable today. B.Better learners will become better an intelligence tends togrow with age. D.Philosophical thinking improves instruction. 47. What do we learn about Bettys Brain? A.It is a character in a popular animation. B.It is a teaching tool under development. C.It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D.It is a tutor for computer science students. 48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors? A.It makes them aware of what they are strong at. B.It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching. C.It helps them learn their academic subjects better. D.It enables them to better understand their teachers. 49. What do students do to teach their teachable agents? A.They motivate them to think independently. B.They ask them to design their own questions. C.They encourage them to give prompt feedback. D.They use various ways to e 某 plain the materials. 50. What is the key factor that eases student tutors learning?第 10页 共 13页 A.Their sense of responsibility. B.Their emotional involvement. C.The learning strategy acquired. D.The teaching e 某 perience gained. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. A new batch of young womenmembers of the so-called Millennial(千禧的) generationhas been entering the workforce for the pastdecade. At the starting line of their careers, they are bettereducated than their mothers and grandmothers had beenor than theiryoung male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they seeroadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid lessthan men for doing the same job. They think its easier for men toget top e 某 ecutive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that ifand when they have children, it will be even harder for them toadvance in their careers. While the public sees greater workplace equality between men andwomen now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change isneeded. Amo