2022年小英赛五年级要点 .pdf
小英赛五年级要点整理1.不冠词 a,an 用法: a 用在辅音开头的单词前,an 用在元音开头的单词前。如:a banana ,an apple。2.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法:第一人称(单数)第二人称(单复数)第三人称(单数)第一人称(复数)第三人称(复数)人称代词(主格)I you he she it we they 人称代词(宾格)me you him her it us them 所有格形容词(形容词性物主代词)my your his her its our their 所有格代词(名词性物主代词)mine yours his hers its ours theirs 反身代词myself yourself yourselves himself herself itself ourselves themselves 人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么了,干什么了,一般用在句子开头。人称代词宾格:作宾语,表示动作行为的对象,用在动词或介词后。(注:人称代词并列使用时顺序为” 第二人称,第三人称,第一人称” ,即 you,he and I) 。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词:形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面要加名词,(my/your/his/her/its/our/their )+名词。名词性物主代词=相应的形容词性物主代词+名词,所以不用再加名词。反身代词:与by 搭配时,意为” 单独地,独自地” 。如: He can swim by himself. 他能独自游泳。3.名词所有格:例题: That s _bedroom. ( B )A.Lucy s and Lily s B.Lucy and Lily s C.Lucy s and Lily D.Lucy and Lily 本题考查所有格,排除C,D。选 Lucy s and Lily s 表示的是两个人不同的房间,并且后面名词要用bedrooms,选 Lucy and Lily s 表示共用一间房,故本题选B。4.There be 句型用法:(1) There is + 单数可数名词 /不可数名词 +地点状语(2) There are +复数名词 +地点状语就近原则的用法:be动词要跟离得比较近的(人或物 )的数保持一致。如: There is a lot of bread and five eggs on the table. 桌上有很多面包和五个鸡蛋。There are five eggs and a lot of bread on the table. 桌上有五个鸡蛋和很多面包。(注: bread 是不可数名词,因此be 动词要用 is)5.名词单数变复数:一、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - (1)一般情况加s : book- books mouth-mouths house-houses girl-girls (2)以 s、sh 、x、ch 结尾的加es : class- classes box-boxes match-matches 记忆口诀:四(s)十( sh)岁的 X 想吃( ch)ES (3)辅音字母+ y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 es:city-cities, party-parties (4)以 o 结尾的词+es 的只有以下词:Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes 记忆口诀:黑人英雄吃土豆和番茄以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s : radios, zoos (5)以 f, fe 结尾的变 f 或 fe 为 v +es : thief, wife ,life ,knife, wolf, half 二、不规则的可数名词的变化规则:(1)manmen,womanwomen,tooth teeth,footfeet,goosegeese,childchildren,mousemice,ox-oxen (2)单复数相同 : sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese ,Swiss. 6.特殊疑问词的用法:意思用法例句who 谁问人的身份, 姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother.Who is he ? what 什么问 人 的 职 业 或事物是什么He is a worker.What is he? He has a book. What does he have ? which 哪一个问 一 定 范 围 内特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours? The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose 谁的问所属关系This is her book.Whose book is this ? This book is hers. Whose is this book? what color 什么颜色问颜色(表语)My skirt is red. What color is your skirt? What time 几点问点时间We play games at five in the afternoon ? What time do you play games? when 什么时候问时间We play games in the afternoon ? When do you play games? where 什么地方问地点(状语)We play games at home on Sunday ? Where do you play games on Sunday? why 为什么问原因He isnt at school today because he is ill . Why isnt he at school today ? how 怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he ? I go home by bike. How do you go home? how old 多大几岁问年龄He is ten.How old is he ? how many 多少跟复数名词,问数量There are thirty boys in my class. How many boys are there in your class? how much 多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱There is somemilk in the bottle. How much milk is there in the bottle? how far 多远问路程Its five kilometers away from here? How far is it from here? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - how soon 多久问 in+一段时间He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ? how long 多久问一段时间,问物体的长短He has lived here for a year.How long has he lived here? The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often 多久(一次)问频率I go to see my parents once a month. How often do you go to see your parents? 7.反义疑问句:(1)陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否)。如: He is a doctor,isn t he?(2)陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯)。如: It isn t a cat,is it?8.形容词比较级、最高级:* 形容词比较级的用法:两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为 “. 比较级+ than .”.如:Helen is taller than Kevin. 海伦比凯文高。* 形容词最高级的用法:1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式,形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词 the,句末常接in / of 短语来表示范围.如:He is the tallest students in our class.他是我们班最高的学生。一、规则变化1.单音节词和少数双音节词(1)一般情况在原级词尾加-er 构成比较级 ,加-est 构成最高级 .如: high higher highest.(2)以 e结尾的词 ,直接加 -r 或-st.如: large larger largest.(3)重读闭音节,末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母再加-er或 -est.如: big bigger biggest.(4) 以“ 辅音字母+ y ” 结尾的词 ,先变“y”为 “i ”,再加 -er 或-est.如:happyhappier happiest.2.大部分双音节词和所有多音节词在原级前加more 构成比较级 ,加 most 构成最高级 .如: dangerousmore dangerousthe most dangerous. 二、不规则变化有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆 .如:good / wellbetterbest ,bad / illworse worst ,many / muchmoremost little less least ,far fartherfarthest(表示距离 ) / farfurtherfurthest (表示程度 ) old older / elderoldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系) 9.时态:(1)一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。时间状语: often 经常, usually 通常, always 总是, every 每个, sometimes 有时, at 在几点钟,只有在第三人称单数用动词的“ 三单变化 ” ,其他用动词的原形。三单变化: 1.多数在动词后s ,如: like likes(1)直接在动词词尾加-s,如: ask-asks ,work-works ,get-gets ,stay-stays;(2)以字母 s, x, ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词,在词尾直接加 -es,如:watch-watches ,wish-wishes ,go-goes ,do-does ;3)以“ 辅音字母加- y” 结尾的动词,要先变y 为 i 再加 -es.,如 try-tries 。 2.不规则变化:have-has。(2)现在进行时:表示正在进行的、发生的动作。通常句子中有now,look,listen。动词形式是be+动词 ing。(3)一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 时间状语: yesterday昨天,last night 昨晚,three days ago三天前,in 2002 在 2002 年,just now刚才, the day before yesterday 前天 规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则:(1)直接在动词后加ed,如: help-helped,want-wanted 等;(2)以不发音的字母e 结尾时,直接加d,如: like-liked ,use-used等; (3)以辅音字母y 结尾时,把 y 变成 i 再+ed, 如:carry-carried,study-studied 等; (4)以重读闭音节结尾,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed, 如:stop-stopped,shop-shopped等。不规则动词的过去式,如: do-did,go-went,come-came,buy-bought 等。(4)一般将来时:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语: tomorrow 明天, next week 下周, next year 明年 动词形式是be going to+ 动词原形名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -