2021-2022学年重大版英语必修一配套文档：Unit 4 Period One.pdf

1 Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three.She settled into the group easily，and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame.She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other childrens，too. She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher(抓挠人者)If anyone upset her or stood in her way， her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates.Children twice her age would fly in fear from her. This had to be stopped.All the usual ways failed and then I thought of Atkinson Highfield School.No punishment had been given there，but the attacker had been ignored.So I decided to try out on Kathy. Kathy was so quick that it was impossible to stop her scratching，but I decided to stay within arms length all afternoon. All was peaceful but then I saw Kathys hand moved and heard the scream.Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said “Nice，nice candy” and then Kathy looked puzzled when she got nothing. Soon came another scream， this time from John.While holding him in my arms， I said， “Look，Kathy，nice candy for John” and I put it into Johns mouth. A smile of understanding came across Kathys face.Minutes later，she came to me and said loudly，“Give me a candy！I have hurt my finger！” “No，” I answered，“youll get it if someone hurts you.” On purpose， she turned and scratched a nearby boy， Tom， and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded Tom，then she walked away. She has never scratched a child ever since. Parents who find older children bullying(欺负) younger brothers or sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones.Its certainly much easier and more effective. 根据上文完成下列各题 2 1Why would Kathy scratch other children? ABecause she was only a child. BBecause someone upset her or stood in her way. CBecause she was always punished. DBecause she thought it was rewarding for herself. 答案B 2Why did Kathy scratch Tom? ABecause Kathy was in the habit of scratching other children. BBecause Tom was nearby her. CBecause Kathy wanted Tom to hurt her. DBecause the writer mothered and rewarded Tom. 答案C Period OneGetting Ready & Reading .重点单词 1whisper vt.耳语；悄悄说 2cheating n欺骗；作弊 cheat vi./vt.欺骗；作弊 3belief n相信；信念 believe vt.相信 4tap vt.轻拍；轻敲 5mad adj.生气的 6guard vt.守护；防御 7silence n沉默；寂静 silent adj.沉默的；寂静的 8destroy vt.破坏；毁掉 9slowly adv.慢慢地；迟缓地 slow adj.慢的；迟钝的 10gently adv.温柔地；柔和地；轻轻地 gentle adj.温柔的；柔和的；轻轻的 3 11breathe vi.呼吸；呼气；吸气 breath n呼吸；气息 12relief n减轻；解除 .重点短语 1keep ones eyes on sb./sth.密切注视；注意 2think to oneself 自个儿想；独自思考 3go against sb./sth.违反；反对；不利于 4for a moment 一会儿 5in silence 沉默地；无声地 6search for sb./sth.搜寻；寻找 7give it a try 试一试 8feel relieved 宽心；释然 .好句积累 1I gave him a smile，not sure whether he was joking or not，and returned to my test. 我朝他微笑了一下，不确定他是否是在开玩笑，便又继续做我的试题。 2I just knew I had to do what I felt was right，even if it made James mad. 我知道我必须做自己感觉正确的事，即使那会使詹姆斯发疯。 3As I stood there in silence，I felt it necessary to let him know cheating was wrong. 当我静静地站在那儿时，我觉得有必要让他知道作弊是错误的。 .课文阅读理解 1What does Mrs.Archer mean when she says “Keep your eyes on your own paper”？ AShe wants her students to be careful when they take part in exams. BShe wants her students to arrange their own papers well. CShe tells her students not to lose their papers. DShe tells her students not to look at others papers. 答案D 2Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? AMrs.Archer is a strict teacher. BBrian was a “rule breaker” in an English exam. CBrian and James had words with each other because of cheating in exam. DMrs.Archer praised Brian for his behaviour. 4 答案A 3Brian curled his arm around his answers because . Ahe felt nervous Bhe felt tired Che didnt prepare for the test well Dhe didnt want to let James look 答案D 4Why did the writer tap the top of his desk? ABecause he wanted to draw the teachers attention. BBecause he wanted to warn James not to look at his paper. CBecause this was a way to be relaxed for him. DBecause he felt very anxious. 答案C 5How did the writer keep the friendship with James? AHe helped James cheat in the exam. BHe said some sincere words that James could accept. CTheir English teacher persuaded them to be friendly again. DHe agreed what James did in the exam. 答案B .课文语法填空 During an English exam， James didn t prepare for it 1.well (good) and wanted to see Brian s paper.2.But Brian thought cheating went 3.against his beliefs. Brian tried to find 4.an easy way out of the matter.He leaned 5.closely (close) towards his paper and curled his arm around his answers.He guarded his paper to stop James 6.cheating (cheat) After the exam，Brian didn t know 7.what to say.He just felt 8.it necessary to let James know cheating was wrong.He 9.promised (promise) that he could help James study.10.And their friendship wasnt destroyed. 1This morning，I had an experience with a “rule breaker” during an English exam. 今天上午在英语考试中，我就遇到了这么一个“违规者” 。 归纳拓展 5 experience n经历(可数名词)；经验，体验(不可数名词)；vt.经历；体验；感受 experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的 be experienced at/in 擅长，在方面有经验 语境感悟 (1)Our journey on horses back was quite an unforgettable experience. 我们骑马旅行真是一次难忘的经历。 (2)He is a teacher with much experience. 他是一位经验丰富的老师。 (3)Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years. 在过去的 30 年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。 即时跟踪 (1)用 experience 的适当形式填空 He told us his travelling experiences in Africa excitedly. The teacher is experienced in dealing with problem students. (2)单句改错 Going to a British high school for one year was very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.was后加 a 2And I didnt want to destroy our friendship. 并且我不想破坏我们之间的友谊。 归纳拓展 destroy vt.破坏；摧毁；毁坏 destroy sb.s confidence/hope/faith 毁掉某人的信心/希望/信仰 destroyer n破坏者；毁灭者；驱逐舰 destruction n摧毁；毁灭，破坏 语境感悟 (1)His words destroyed our last hope. 他的话毁了我们最后的希望。 (2)Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. 很多地方受到破坏，大量的动植物都死亡了。 (3)Sugar is the destroyer of healthy teeth. 糖危害健康的牙齿。 destroy，damage，ruin 6 (1)destroy 指彻底毁坏以至于不能或很难修复，也可指“希望破灭；计划被打乱” 。 (2)damage 指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。作名词时，多用于自然灾害中的损害。 (3)ruin 强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人、物损坏到不复存在或面目全非的地步，现多用于借喻中。ruins 为“废墟” 。 即时跟踪 用 destroy，damage，ruin 的适当形式填空 (1)His behaviour damaged the relations between the two families. (2)What he did has destroyed his reputation. (3)He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined my painting. My mind searched for the right words. 我在脑海里搜寻着适当的话语。 归纳拓展 search for sb./sth.寻找某人/某物 search.for sb./sth.在中寻找某人/某物 search sb./sth.搜身；搜查某物 in search of 寻找 语境感悟 (1)Police searched the area for clues. 警察在那一地带查找线索。 (2)They searched him to see if he had a gun. 他们搜了他的身，看他是否带着枪。 (3)He went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 他进了厨房，想找点喝的。 即时跟踪 用 search 及其相关短语的适当形式填空 (1)The police searched him but nothing was found on him. (2)The two were ordered to go into the field and search for survivors. (3)We are in search of an experienced and reliable producer of jewelry. 7 1.I just knew I had to do what I felt was right，even if it made James mad. 我知道我必须做自己感觉正确的事，即使那会使詹姆斯发疯。 归纳拓展 even if/though 即使，虽然，用以引导让步状语从句。 语境感悟 (1)We will have the sports meeting even if it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨我们也会开运动会。 (2)Even if he fails，he will continue to do what he likes. 即使他失败，他也会继续做他喜欢的事。 注意能引导让步状语从句的连词还有：though，although (虽然)。 即时跟踪 (1)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，even though/if they have the interest (即使他们有兴趣) (2)Even though/if the forest park is far away (尽管那个森林公园很远)，a lot of tourists visit it every year.(2014北京，29 改编) 2As I stood there in silence，I felt it necessary to let him know cheating was wrong. 当我静静地站在那儿时，我觉得有必要让他知道作弊是错误的。 归纳拓展 这是一个复合句，句中“as I stood there in silence” 是由 as 引导的时间状语从句 ； it 作动词 feel的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，形容词 necessary 作宾语补足语 ； cheating was wrong 是动词 know 的宾语，省略了 that。 语境感悟 (1)As time passed，things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。 (2)As he told me to help others, I felt it right to give others help. 当他告诉我帮助别人时，我感觉帮助别人是对的。 即时跟踪 语法填空 (1)He found that an old man was lying on the roadside as he was walking to school. (2)Jack made it a rule to do some reading before he went to bed. (3)I think it important to learn (learn) English every day. 8 .语境填词 A)根据首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词 1He will never go against his country，and this is his strong belief(信念) in his heart. 2Dont whisper to each other when having an exam.This will be seen cheating. 3What he said made the mother mad(发疯) 4The two stone lions guard(守护) the entrance to the park. 5What he did destroyed the friendship between them. B)填写空白处所需的内容(1 个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式 6Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience. 7Hearing the news that her son was found，she breathed a sigh of relief (relieve) 8I sit in the front of the classroom so that I can hear clearly. 9Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2014山东，4 改编) 10What you did goes against the school rule.So next time you are late，dont try to slip into the classroom without being noticed by the teacher. .选词填空 go against，for a moment，search for，in silence，keep ones eyes on 11I do wish I could think of a way to make the students keep their eyes on me in class. 12The war is going against most people in the world. 13They finished their meal in silence. 14The boy thought for a moment before replying. 15The police went to the forest to search for the lost girl. .阅读理解 A There are several reasons for hair loss in women.However，in most cases，treatment is quite effective.Female hair loss patterns in women are not as easily recognizable as they are in men.A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness，although they may experience it for other reasons. Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors ， including a genetic tendency(which is not genetically linked to just one parentboth parents contribute to the tendency to lose hair) Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limited choices than men.There are some female hair loss treatments that are available such as the Tricomin System which is a topical treatment that is nutritionbased.Shen Min for Women is another natural 9 treatment that contains herbs(药草) that are said to stimulate(刺激) hair growth and even restore hair that is graying to its natural color. The majority of the popular，proven hair loss treatments are only intended for men and are not suitable for women.True，a womans hair issue is different from a mans.The biological makeup is different and the needs are different.Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environmental changes ， physical illness and even the treatments that are available.There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth，but，for the most part，these claims are currently unproven. One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating is to get a diagnosis from a doctor.Talk to your doctor about any symptoms(症状) that you may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair.Stress， weight loss or gain， illness and depression， all of these can be contributing factors. 16It can be learned from the 1st paragraph that . Ausually hair loss is hard to heal Bfemale hair loss is more common than the mens Cwomen tend to suffer from hair loss during the pregnant period Donly illness contributes to hair loss 答案C 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A woman may experience it temporarily due to pregnancy or illness.”可知 C 正确。 17Which of the following statements matches the text about the two treatments? ABoth are to solve the problem of male hair loss. BTricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of the new hair. CShen Min is an updated way of treating hair loss. DThe former is nutritionbased，while the latter is medicinebased. 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tricomin System.that is nutritionbased”以及“Shen Min.contains herbs(草药).”可知 D 正确。 18 The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair loss problems do not include . Athe biological structure and composition of the hair Bthe wants and needs Cthe reactions and responses to the outside changes 10 Dthe approach to taking exercise 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The biological makeup is different and the needs are different.Women have different needs and their bodies react in different ways to environment changes.”可知 A、B、C 都是引起男女掉发不同的原因。因此选 D。 19The natural treatments . Ainclude vitamin and mineral supplements Bare applied to keep the hair healthy Chave been proved useful Dare the most commonly used ways 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“There are many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineral supplements that are said to stimulate hair growth.”可知 A 正确。 B Everyone needs friends.We all like to feel close to someone.It is nice to have a friend to talk，laugh， and do things with.Surely， there are times when we need to be alone.We don t always want people around.But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend. No two people are just the same.Sometimes friends dont get along well.That doesnt mean that they no longer like each other.Most of the time they will make up and go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away.Then we feel very sad.We miss them very much.So we call them and write to them.It could be that we would even see them again.And we can make new friends.It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend.Many places are named after men or women who have been friendly to people in town.Some libraries are named this way.So are some schools.We think of these people when we go to these places. Theres more good news for people who have friends.They live longer than people who dont.Why？It could be that they are happier.Being happy helps you stay well.Or it could be just knowing that someone cares.If someone cares about you，you take better care of yourself. 20The main idea of this passage is . Athat people are all friends Bthat people need friends Chow to get to know friends Dhow to name a place 答案B 11 解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人们为何需要朋友，以及拥有朋友的益处。 21The first paragraph tells us . Anone needs friends Bwe always need friends around us Cmaking friends is the need in peoples life Dwe need to be alone 答案C 解析段落大意题。第一段第一句说明了文章的主题：我们需要朋友，也是本段的中心句。 22Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? APeople are not happy when their friends leave them. BPeople can know their friends in different ways. CPeople will never see their friends after they move away. DPeople like their friends very much if they get to know them. 答案C 解析细节理解题。第三段第五句说我们与朋友分别后还有见面的可能。所以选项 C 叙述不正确。 23Why do people who have friends live longer than those who dont? ABecause they feel happier and are healthy. BBecause they get a lot of help from their friends. CBecause they take better care of their friends. DBecause they are being well taken care of by their doctors. 答案A 解析细节理解题。文章最后四句话说明了原因：他们心情好，注意保养，身体好。 .七选五 I dont remember how many examinations Ive taken since I began my schooling. 24 I dare say that，in fact，almost no studen