2019年高考英语全国一卷详解及全文翻译.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流2019年高考英语全国一卷详解及全文翻译【精品文档】第 17 页【答案】21. B    22. D    23. D【文章大意与解析】文章体裁：本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: .Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。（阅读A参考翻译）   今年夏天需要工作吗？     省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。截止日期和您需要申请的内容取决于该项目。不是学生？ 访问政府网站，了解可以帮助30岁以下的人提高技能、找到工作或全年创业的项目和在线工具。青年工作如果你是居住在该省某些地区的青少年，你有资格（符合条件）参加该计划。提供八周带薪工作和培训。任职资格：15-18岁的青年在选定社区（社区）工作。暑期公司暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。任职资格：15-29岁的学生，秋季返回学校。青少年管理员项目今年夏天，你可以申请成为一名管理员，为当地的自然资源管理项目工作8周。任职资格:入职时年满16或17岁，但在今年12月31日前未满18岁的学生。夏季就业机会通过暑期就业机会计划，学生每年都会在各省公共服务部门及其相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期职位上就业。任职资格：15岁或以上的学生。有些职位要求年龄为15至24或最多至29岁身体有残疾的人士。21.暑期公司有什么特别之处？A.就业前不需要培训。B.为经营新业务提供奖励。C. 允许在自然环境中工作。D. 提供更多的暑期工作机会。22.青少年管理员年龄范围是多少？A.15-18岁。B.15-24岁。C.15-29岁。D16-17岁。23.哪个项目对残疾人有利？A.青年就业。              B.暑期公司。C.青少年管理员方案。D.夏季就业机会。（阅读B原题呈现）       For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.      But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.【答案】24. B    25. A    26. A    27. C【文章大意与解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述托马斯·威利为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But hes nervous.可知，克里斯眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知克里斯是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段 “Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well 可知, 克里斯 发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说克里斯做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，威利老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous 幽默的， ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。（阅读B参考翻译）       对于纽约州帕奇格的卡纳小学二年级来说，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱兹了。这个8岁的孩子是班上的开心果。他有着闪亮的黑眼睛，看起来像那种喜欢在公众场合讲话的孩子。     但是他很紧张。“我今天来告诉你为什么你应该应该”克里斯 发ld比较困难许多非英语母语人士发这个音都感到困难。他的老师托马斯·威利(Thomas Whaley)就站在他旁边，低声表示支持。“投票给我”除了一些失误，克里斯做得出奇的好。当他的演讲圆满结束时，威利邀请全班同学称赞他。     作为一个移民的儿子，克里斯三年前开始学习英语。威利回忆(回想起)在今年年初,当要求阅读时,克里斯会借口去洗手间。      把英语作为第二语言学习是一段痛苦的经历。你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。“这对任何学生来说都需要付出很多，”威利解释说，“尤其是对于一个学习英语作为新语言的学生来说，要有足够的信心说我不知道，但我想知道。”      一天，当威利问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远都不可能成为总统的话，请举手示意，于是他萌生了这个二年级的总统竞选项目。答案伤透了他的心。威利说这个项目不仅仅是在公共场合学习阅读和演讲。他希望这些孩子学会自吹自擂。“吹嘘自己和你最好的品质，”威利说，“对于一个来到教室里没有自信的孩子来说是很困难的。”24. 是什么让克里斯紧张呢？A.讲故事。B.演讲。C.考试。D.回答问题。25. 第2段中带下划线的“stumbles”指的是什么？A.不恰当的停顿；B.不礼貌；C.拼写错误；D.愚蠢的笑话。26。我们可以推断威利项目的目的是A.帮助学生了解自己的优势B.评估学生的公共演讲技能C.为学生将来的工作做准备D.激发学生对政治的热爱27。以下哪一项最能说明威利是一名教师？A.幽默。B.雄心勃勃。C.关心。D.要求。  （阅读C原题呈现）        As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.     Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.      In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.      B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.   D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？   A. Computers are much easier to operate.   B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.   C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.   D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A. It'll be environment-friendly.         B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.             D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.      B.A guidebook   C. A novel.      D. A magazine.【答案】28. D    29. C    30. B    31. D【文章大意解析】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给电子空间用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的The key board could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技智能键盘，它能给电子空间用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。（阅读C 参考翻译）随着数据和身份盗窃越来越普遍，生物测量技术（如指纹扫描）的市场正在增长，以防止其他人进入私人电子空间。但目前，这些技术仍然很昂贵。佐治亚理工学院的研究人员表示，他们已经提出了一种可以解决这个问题的低成本设备：智能键盘。 这款智能键盘可精确测量一种类型和压力指应用于每个键的节奏（节奏）。 通过分析用户键入的力度和按键之间的间隔时间等因素，键盘可以提供强大的安全性。 这些模式对每个人都是独一无二的。 因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而，他们是否应该被允许访问它所连接的计算机-无论是否有人获得正确的密码。它也不需要人们不熟悉的新型技术。 每个人都使用键盘，每个人都有不同的类型。在一项描述该技术的研究中，研究人员让100名志愿者使用智能键盘输入“触摸”一词四次。 从设备收集的数据可用于根据输入的方式识别不同的参与者，错误率非常低。 研究人员表示，键盘的商业化应该非常简单，并且主要由廉价的塑料类零件制成。 该团队希望在不久的将来将其推向市场。28.为什么研究人员开发智能键盘？    A.减轻按键压力。 B.提高打字准确度    C.更换密码系统。 D.削减电子空间保护的成本。29.什么使智能键盘的发明成为可能？    A.计算机更容易操作。B.指纹扫描技术发展迅速。    C.打字模式因人而异。D.保证数据安全措施。30.研究人员对智能键盘的期望是什么？    A.它将是环保的。   B.很快就会到达消费者手中。    C.它将由塑料制成。 D.它有助于加快打字速度。31. 此文本最有可能来自何处？A.日记。B.指南     C.小说。   D. 杂志。                     （阅读D原题呈现）       During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【答案】32. C    33. A    34. B    35. A【文章大意与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。（这个题比较难理解：主要是finish在此处不是“完成”而是“获得.成绩”。A选项直译：“对别人好，这不会是你最终取得的成就”。翻译成地道的汉语就是“对别人好-最终你的收获无穷无尽）（阅读D 参考翻译）      在小学的美好岁月里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了很高的社会地位。我是操场上的女王。而在步入了我的少年、青少年时期后，我结识了很多平庸的女孩和酷孩子。他们的升迁不是靠友好，而是靠抽烟、打破规矩和开别人的玩笑，我很快就发现自己就是其中之一。     受欢迎度是社会心理学中一门探索性很强的学科。临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将其化分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。可爱的人善于与他人相处，有助于加强校园友谊，激发人际交往能力，如果能及早得到帮助，便可在生活和工作中继续工作。还有一种在青春期出现的那种欢迎度：权力产生的地位，甚至不光彩的行为。      普林斯坦博士的研究显示，尽管酷孩子们看起来很令人羡慕，但结果却令人不快。那些在高中地位最高的人，以及那些在小学最不受欢迎的人，“最有可能从事危险和危险的行为”。在一项研究中，普林斯坦博士根据学生调查对235名青少年的两种受欢迎程度进行了调查，得出了最不受欢迎、最受欢迎和地位最高的分数。“我们发现，随着时间的推移，最不受欢迎的青少年对他们的同学变得更具攻击性。但地位高的人也是如此。它清楚地表明，虽然可爱可以导致健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响正好相反。”普林斯坦博士还发现，邻居们希望你在游戏中分享、友善、开放这些品质一直延续到今后的岁月，使你能够更好地与他人相处和联系。在分析自己的研究和其它研究时，普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果相关，而且也是造成这些结果的原因。讨人喜欢创造了学习的机会，也为新的生活经历创造了帮助他人获得优势的机会。32。在她小学的早期，作者是什么样的女孩？A.不友善。B.孤独。C.慷慨大方。D.酷。33.第二段的主要内容是什么？A.受欢迎度的类别。        B.青少年的特点。C.人际交往技巧的重要性。  D.不光彩行为的原因。34.普林斯坦博士的研究发现了哪些最受欢迎的孩子？A. 他们看起来很具有攻击性。B.他们倾向于适应能力更强。C.他们享有最高的地位。D.他们的学习成绩很好。35.文章的最佳标题是什么？A.对别人好最终，你的收获无穷无尽。B.地位越高，肚子越大C.尽你所能做到最好。          D.更多的自我控制，更少的攻击性【七选五原题呈现】 ：Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?     We all grew up hearing  people