中考英语复习专题突破之主从复合句（状语、宾语、定语从句）.docx
主从复合句一、知识结构二、状语从句知识点及考点分析（一）时间状语从句before意为“在.之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例：Close the window before you leave the room.after意为“在.之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例：I went to school after I finished my breakfast.when意为“当.的时候”或“在.之后”，可以表示主从句的动作同时发生，也可以表示先后发生。例：I'll tell you the story when he leaves.It was snowing when we got to the airportwhile意为“在.期间”或“当.的时候”，常用进行时态。表示主句动作发生在从句发生的过程中，也可以表示主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的。例：While we were having a meeting, Li Ming came inI was washing the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor.as意为“当.时候”或“随着”或“一边.一边”，表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，也可表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化。例：As time passed, things seemed to get worse. As he was reading, he was shaking his head.tips：在when和while引导的从句中，当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句中有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，构成whenwhile + doing结构。如：When (she is) in trouble, she always asks for my help.While (I am) traveling, I like to buy some souvenirs.since意为“自从以来”，表示主句动作开始的时间。一般情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：I have lived here since I was born.till和until意为“到.为止”，表示主句动作结束的时间，主句要用延续性动词。一般情况下两者可以互换，但until可以放于句首或句中，而till不可以放于句首。例：My mother waited till / until I came back. 若主句中的动词是瞬间动词，要用否定形式，即“not.until”结构，意为“直到.才”。例：I did not go to bed until my father came back.as soon as意为“一.就”，表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后。例：I will call you as soon as l arrive in Canada补充：whenever意为“无论何时”，可以用every time 或each time 代替，引导时间状语从句 。例：I can read books whenever I want toEach time a medal was presented to a winner at the2008 Olympic Games ,the award music was played.当before / after / when / as soon as / until / not until引导时间状语从句表示动作先后时，时态上遵循是“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的原则。如：I'll let you know as soon as your daughter comes back.You may go home after you finish your homework.Don't cross the street when the traffic lights are red.He will stay with me until his mother comes back.（二）条件状语从句条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句末，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。if和unless引导条件状语从句时，时态上遵循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的原则。例句1：I'll visit my grandparents if I'm free this Sunday.例句2：You can come and ask me if you have any questions.例句3：Don't play basketball unless the teacher allows you.unless = ifnot “除非，如果不”e.g. Unless you go at once, you will miss the train.= If you don't go at once, you will miss the train.条件状语从句与祈使句：含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，可以用“祈使句, and”结构改为并列句。e.g.If you hurry up, you will catch the train.= Hurry up, and you will catch the train.含有unless或者ifnot引导的条件状语从句的复合句，可以用“祈使句, or”结构改为并列句。e.g. Unless you hurry up, you will miss the early bus.= Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus.（三）原因状语从句because表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”“既然”，语气比because弱，通常放于句首as表示的原因是双方已知的的事实或者显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱常译为“由于，鉴于”forfor 不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部，用逗号隔开，且for不可置于句首now (that)主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主、从句因果关 系不明显，意为“既然”e.g. He was late for school because he got up late.Since the earth is round, why do we not fall off?As he wasn't there, I left a message.As/Since we've no money, we can't buy it.I must go now, for my sister is waiting for me.Now (that) you have come, you may as well stay.表示语气强弱的顺序依次是：because-since-as-for注意：because和so不能连用（四）结果状语从句在句中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句，一般置于句末。sothat如此.以至于.,that 引导结果状语从句，其结构so adj/adv +that 从句e.g.Diana is so friendly that we all like to play with her.suchthat 含义同上，其结构such +可数名词单数/可数名词复数/不可数名词 +that 从句e.g.He's such a good person that we can't blame him.= He's so good a person that we can't blame him.tips:so/suchthat引导结果状语从句用来补充说明主句动词发生所带来的结果。注意：1.当中心名词被表示“多少”的形容词many/much/few/little修饰时，应用sothat 结构：so many/much/few/little +n. that2.引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以，结果”，so that前可用逗号与主句隔开e.g.He studied very hard, so that he passed the exam.3. so.that.句型的否定形式可用简单句too.to或not.enough代替e.g. He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he can't go to school.（五）目的状语从句so that = in order that “以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句用来说明主句动词发生的目的，主从句之间不用逗号隔开，当主从句的主语一致时，可用so as to/ to/in order to将复合句改为简单句。e.g.We set out early so that we can arrive on time.= We set out early in order that we can arrive on time.= We set out early so as to arrive on time.= We set our early to arrive on time.= We set our early in order to arrive on time.（六）让步状语从句让步状语从句表示与主句相反的某种条件或者情况，从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，即在相反条件下，主句的情况仍然存在。although/though的基本用法：不可与but连用。如果要强调前后两部分的对比，可与yet/still连用though常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although较为正式，although和but有时可互换。以下情况只能用though不能用although： (1) even though 短语中，“即使” (2) though adv.“然而” (3) though引导的让步性状语从句可以倒装，而although不可以e.g.Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldn't go abroad for our vocation.It's hard work. I enjoy it, though. Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.在英语中“疑问词-ever”可用作表示具有强烈意义的疑问词,既可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“ no matter相应的wh-词”，在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。e.g.Do it whatever others say. = Do it no matter what others say.However busy she was, she studied English every day. = No matter how busy she was, she studied English every day.（七）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有 where 和 wherever，指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。e.g. He lives where climate is cool.You can sit wherever you like.状语从句真题演练1. “I'm a singer” is_an interesting TV show_many people like watching it.A. so; that B. such; that C. so; as D. such; as2. Mo Yan's books have been sold out in many book stores_his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize. A. because B. since C. as D. because of 3. Li Na is_famous_all the tennis fans in China know her.A. too; to B. enough; to C. as; as D. so; that4. Amy was reading a book_I came in.A. when B. while C. because D. though5. Please hold on to your dream_one day it comes true.A. ifB. untilC. unlessD. though6. I think he's been drinking, _ I'm not completely sure.A. ifB. thoughC. untilD. as7.Your aunt often walks a dog in the morning.Yeah, _bad weather stops her.A. when B. unless C. because D. since 8.I'll go to visit my aunt in England _the summer holidays start.A.while B.since C. until D. as soon as9. How do you like the sport play?Funny, _ the music of it is not so good. A. so B. though C .or D. because10. Liu Ming jumps highest he isn't tallest in our class.A. because B. though C. for D. so11. You have been in Neijiang very long?Yeah. _my parents came here.A. For B. As C. When D. Since12. If you have trouble pronouncing these words, you can repeat them over and over again _ you are comfortable with them.A. unlessB. ifC. untilD. while13. I still remember my first teacher _we haven't seen each other for many years.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. though14. The boy can speak both English and Japanese _ he is only ten. Wow, what a clever boy!A. if B. because C. although D. when15._the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.A. When B. If C. While D. Once1-5 BDDAB 6-10 BBDBB 11-15DCDCC 二、宾语从句知识点及考点分析宾语从句就是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。它位于动词（包括非谓语动词）或介词之后。词类功能引导词连词不承担句子成分that whether if连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语表语或定语who whom whosewhich what连接副词 在从句中作状语when wherehow why1.that, if或whether引导的宾语从句that引导的宾语从句：that在句子中只起引导作用，在从句中无词义，不承担句子成分，可以省略。e.g. I believe (that) you are a person of good character.但当宾语从句前有插入语时，that不可省略。e.g. He says, for example, that he is interested in Math.由that引导的宾语从句的否定形式：当主句的主语是第一人称，而且谓语动词是think, guess, believe, suppose, expect等时，如果从句要表达否定含义，则要否定前移，即否定只能体现在主语的谓语动词上。e.g. I don't think (that) the girl can do the work alone.I don't believe (that) he refused the invitation.if, whether不承担句子成分，但是有自己的意思，表示“是否”，不能省略。一般情况下，宾语从句中if和whether可以互换，口语中多用if。e.g. He asked me if/ whether I could help him.Could you tell me if/ whether he knows her address?但在下列情况下两者不能互换。(1) 与or not连用时，只能用whether不能用if。I don't know whether you like these book or not?(2) 做介词的宾语时，只能用whether不能用if。The boy worries about whether he has hurt his mother's heart.2.连接代词引导的宾语从句连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格在从句中做主语；whom为宾格，在从句中做宾语。e.g.Do you know who is singing in the classroom?Could you tell me whom you speak to just now?I don't know whose watch it is.He wanted to know which one is his.I just cannot believe what he said in such a situation.3. 连接副词引导的宾语从句e.g.I wonder when the sports meeting will be held.She asked where she could find the nearest bank.I want to know how I can get there.I know why you left.4.宾语从句语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+ 谓语+其他”。注：含宾语从句的复合句的标点由主句决定。e.g.I don't know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?5. 宾语从句时态主现从不限:若主句为一般现在时，则宾语从句根据语境选择所需的任何时态。e.g.I know when she will come tomorrow.主过从过：若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用过去的某种时态。e.g.He knew when Tom would come tomorrow.真理现永不变：若宾语从句示现得是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或谚语等，则无论主句什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。e.g.He said that light travels faster than sound.6. 从句后置在带有复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）的句子中，当宾语是从从句时，该宾语必须移到句尾，并且在原来的宾语位置上，用it做形式宾语。复合宾语一般句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语宾语从句后置句型：主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真实宾语（从句）e.g.I find this book very useful.I find it very useful that you read aloud when you study English.I think this plan practical.I think it practical that you want to be a teacher.He made it clear that he objected to the plan.7. “疑问词+不定式”结构转化当know, tell, discuss, remember, forget, decide, show, teach等动词后接宾语从句，且从句主语与主句主语一致，由疑问词引导的宾语从句就可以转化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。e.g.I want to know how I get there.= I want to know how to get there.I don't know which sweater I should buy. = I don't know which sweater to buy. Let's discuss who we'll choose as the new chairperson of the organization.= Let's discuss who to choose as the new chairperson of the organization.8.间接引语直接引语：He said: “I am going to see a film this afternoon.”间接引语：He said that he was going to see a film that afternoon.由上可知间接引语是用自己的话把他人的原话表达出来，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数情况下就是一个宾语从句。tips:直接引语转化为间接宾语要注意以下几点：1. 去掉冒号和引号人称变化2. 人称要做相应调整3. 时态调整，要注意时态的呼应。She says:I am much better than before.She says she is much better than before.He asked me:Are you fond of football?He asked me if/ whether I was fond of football.宾语从句练习1. -Here are the tickets for Taylor Swift's concert as your prize. -I wonder _.A. where did you buy the ticket B. why you like to go to the concertC. who you'd like to watch the concert with D. if you'd like to come along2. -I am wondering _. -Whatever the result is, don't be too hard on yourself.A. why I can pass the test B. when I have prepared for the testC. if I can get high marks in the test D. that I am getting ready for the test these days3.-Ms Chen, could you please tell me _ Shanghai? -Ah, yes, and he'll stay there for two days.A. that Mr Zhang has left B. that Mr Zhang has left forC. if Mr Zhang has left D. if Mr Zhang has left for4. -Do you know ? -We can try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things.A. why can we live a green life B. how can we live a green life C. why we can live a green life D. how we can live a green life5. -Could you tell me _？ -It's about how a group of superheroes try to save humans.A. when was the film Avengers Assemble 3 shownB. when the film Avengers Assemble 3 was shownC. what story the film Avengers Assemble 3 tells usD. what story the film Avengers Assemble 3 told us6. -Can you describe_？ -Yes. I was walking when a bike knocked me down from behind.A. why did the accident happenB. when did the accident happenC. how the accident happenedD. where the accident happened7. -I don't care _. In this camp，there's only one hairstyleshort! Understand? -Yes, madam!A. what you are used to liking B. what you used to be likeC. what are you used to liking D. what did you use to be like8. She asked _when I was away from home alone.A. if I kept my mobile phone onB. that I would keep my mobile phone onC. how long I had turned on my mobile phoneD. when would I turn on my mobile phone9. A forest fire happened in Liangshan, Sichuan on March 30. People wondered _.A. that why it happenedB. what caused the terrible fireC. how did the government help solve the problem D. how many people are killed in the fire10.-Pardon? I didn't hear you just now. -I asked .A. that Michelle Obama came to China in March B. how long did Michelle Obama stay in China C. when did Michelle Obama visit Chengdu D. who Michelle Obama came to China with11. -Laura, would you mind telling me _? -Absolutely not.A. Where were cabin hospitals(方舱医院)builtB. how long the dragon boat race has begun C. why the teenagers hate to be like othersD. if the girl is good enough to go out of hospital12. Hi, kitty. I hear that you've just come back from Korea. I'm calling to ask _.A. how did you visit the city B. how many days you've spent thereC. which hotel you stayed in Korea D. if there was anything wrong with your trip13. -I called half an hour ago but no one answered,_？ -Oh, I was in the shower.A. Where have you been B. Where have you goneC. Where have you been to D. Where have you gone to14. -Could you please tell me _? -Oh, I'll go there to attend a party.A. when you'll go to BeijingB. how you'll go to BeijingC. why you'll go to BeijingD. whether you'll go to Beijing15. Daniel asked his teacher _.A. where could he join his favourite clubB. whether water turns into ice when the temperature drops below zeroC. what would the life be like on Mars in the futureD. how many people will come to the meeting this coming Saturday1-5 DCDDC6-10 CBABD11-15 CDACB三、定语从句知识点及考点分析1.定语是修饰名词或代词的成分，包括单词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句。e.g.I have a very good book.I have a book to read.I have a book written by Lu Xun.I have a book about Chinese History.I have a book which the teacher recommended.2.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句先行词 关系词You must do everything that I do.主句 定语从句3.关系代词引导定语从句的用法及区别关系词作用 先行词 例句whothatwhom(只做宾语)主语宾语表语人The boy who are playing football are from Class One.(作主语)thatwhich主语宾语表语物Football is a sport which is liked by most boys.(作主语)whose 定语人/物Im the boy whose bag is stolen. (指人)when状语时间I cant forget the year when I studied English in Beijing University.where状语地点This is the house where I lived tw
