初中英语代词课件(精品全面).ppt

代代 词词 ( pron.)一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清 分类分类人称、作用人称、作用人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一人称第一人称单数单数Imemyminemyself复数复数weusouroursourselves第二人称第二人称单数单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称第三人称单数单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用作用主语主语宾语、表语宾语、表语定语定语主语、表语、主语、表语、宾语宾语宾语、表语、宾语、表语、同位语同位语（一）人称代词的语序：（一）人称代词的语序：v单数形式：（二、三、一）单数形式：（二、三、一）v 即：即：you/ he/ Iv复数形式：（一、二、三）复数形式：（一、二、三）v 即；即；we/ you/ they（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词v形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。单独使用。v名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。veg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours?v名词性物主代词可用在名词性物主代词可用在of 后面做定语，相当于后面做定语，相当于“ of +名词所有格名词所有格” ，表示带有部分概念或有一定，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。的感情色彩。veg: He is a friend of mine.二、二、it的用法的用法vit既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。v1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如：代表前面提到过的事物。如： My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.v2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -Who is knocking at the door? -It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.二、二、it的用法的用法v3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如：表示时间、距离、天气等。如： It will be sunny tomorrow.v4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：作形式主语或者形式宾语。如： I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾单数加词尾self、复数加词尾、复数加词尾selves 构成，可用口构成，可用口诀简记如下：诀简记如下：v反身代词表自身，反身代词表自身，self与与selves单数、复分。单数、复分。 一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。v在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：v反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v（一）作动词的宾语（一）作动词的宾语v反身代词可以与反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。v1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?v2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么，后面可接随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v3. hurt oneself 伤着自己伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself.v4. teach oneself = learn by oneself自学自学 Did you teach yourself English ?= Did you learn English by yourself?v5. look after oneself 照顾自己照顾自己 I can look after myself well, thanks.三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v6. say to oneself自言自语自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?”v7. come to oneself苏醒苏醒 Soon the lady came to herself.v8. make oneself + 过去分词，使自己被别人过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself understood.v9. make yourself at home别客气，让自己像在家一样别客气，让自己像在家一样 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home.v10. lose oneself in沉浸于沉浸于陶醉于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v（二）（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语v1. by oneself = alone自己做自己做 She has done her homework by herself.v2. for oneself为自己为自己 She made the skirt for herself.v3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself.v4. among themselves在他们中间在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves.三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法v（三）作表语（三）作表语v反身代词可与反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself.v（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。v1. 作主语的同位语作主语的同位语 You will have to do it yourself. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.v作宾语的同位语作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. Youd better ask Mary herself about it.四、指示代词四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those单数单数复数复数用法用法1用法用法2thisthese近指近指指下文将要提及的事指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指远指指前面刚提过的事指前面刚提过的事【辨析【辨析】one, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。名词，以避免重复。The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v（一）（一）some 与与 anyvsome 常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示表示“任任何何”时，可用于肯定句。时，可用于肯定句。 There arent any students in the classroom. -Would you like some bread? -Yes, please.五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v（二）辨析（二）辨析both, neither, either, all, nonevboth, neither和和 either这三个词用于两者或这三个词用于两者或两者之间，两者之间，both表示表示“两者都两者都”，用于，用于肯定句；肯定句；neither与与both互为反义词，意为互为反义词，意为“两者都不两者都不”；either表示表示“两者之中任两者之中任何一个何一个”（或者用于否定句中，表示（或者用于否定句中，表示“也也”）。）。all和和none都用于三者或者三者以都用于三者或者三者以上，上，all表示表示“全部、都全部、都”，none表示表示“没有没有任何人或物任何人或物”。五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v【辨析】【辨析】so/ neither+助动词助动词+主语！和主语！和so/ neither+主语主语+助动词！助动词！vso +（be、助动词、情态动词）、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为主语，意为“也也”，“同样同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与用法与之相反。之相反。vso +主语主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞赞同同”，意为，意为“不错、的确、确实不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之的用法与之相反。相反。五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v（三）（三）many&muchvmany 和和much都有都有“许多许多”的意思，的意思，many用来修饰可数用来修饰可数名词复数，名词复数，much用用来修饰不可数名词。来修饰不可数名词。v名词修饰语一览表名词修饰语一览表常修饰可数名常修饰可数名词的词或短语词的词或短语常修饰不可数名常修饰不可数名词的词或短语词的词或短语既可修饰可数既可修饰可数名词又可修饰名词又可修饰不可数名词的不可数名词的词或短语词或短语each, every, several, few, a few, many, too many, a number of, many a/an, only a few, quite a fewlittle, a little, much, too much, a good/ great deal of, a bit of, a small/ large/ huge amount ofsome, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, all the rest of五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v（四）（四）a few, a little, few, little表示肯定，表示肯定，“有几个，有有几个，有点点”表示否定，表示否定，“没多少，很没多少，很少少”后加名词后加名词a fewfew可数名词可数名词a littlelittle不可数名词不可数名词五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等veach和every“每一个”each=everyShe knows each student of the class.她认识班级中的每个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识班级中的所有学生。Each of them doesnt smoke.每个人都不吸烟。every却只有形容词词性，不可单独使用。each作代词，与of连用重于个体强调整体五、不定代词五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等等v（六）图解（六）图解other系列不定代词系列不定代词 one（一个）（一个） the other（另一个）（另一个） one（一个）（一个） another（其余的任一个）（其余的任一个） one（一个）（一个） the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部） some（一些）（一些） others（其余的一部分）（其余的一部分）some（一些）（一些） the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）六、复合不定代词六、复合不定代词指物指物指人指人everything everyone， everybodysomething someone， somebodyanythinganyone，anybody nothingno one, nobody六、复合不定代词六、复合不定代词v注：注：v1. 这些词后一般都不可接这些词后一般都不可接of短语。短语。v2. 这些词一般没有词形变化，但以这些词一般没有词形变化，但以-one或或-body结尾的词能结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：带所有格词尾。如：Everyones life was in danger. v3. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后置。置。v4. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。v5. 在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是everybody，someone等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they，也可以用也可以用he；若陈述部分的主语是；若陈述部分的主语是anything， nothing等指等指物的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语用物的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语用it。如：。如： Everyone knows this, doesnt he/ dont they? Everything seems all right, doesnt it ?七、相互代词七、相互代词each other; one another.v表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用each other, 表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系时，用间的相互关系时，用one another或或each other都可以，也就是说都可以，也就是说one anther一般不用一般不用于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是each other s和和one another s，两者常可，两者常可互换。互换。八、疑问代词及关系代词八、疑问代词及关系代词v（一）疑问代词（一）疑问代词v1. who，whom都表示都表示“谁谁”，作主语时用，作主语时用who，作宾语时用作宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换在特殊疑问句中可以替换whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用句首时，只能用whom。 With whom did you talk just now? Who (whom) are you waiting for?v2. which, what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。紧跟一个名词。 What class are you in?八、疑问代词及关系代词八、疑问代词及关系代词v（二）关系代词（二）关系代词vThis is the doctor who came here yesterday.vThe man whom you saw last week has left the town.vI know the woman whose husband is a doctor.vThe room which you can see by the river is a reading room.主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格指人指人whowhomwhose指人或物指人或物which /练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择v1. Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. minev2. This is my book. _are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Minev3. _ have a lot of homework to do. A. He, you and I B. You, he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you v4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. itsv5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms? - Its mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. himCBBCC练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择v6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is here, too. A. his father B. his fathers C. hes father D. he fatherv7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herselfv8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. theirv9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, its mine. It is made by_. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herselfv10. Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. A. us his B. him us C. us himself D. our himselfBBAAC练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择v11. -Could you offer me _ juice, sir? -Im really sorry. I havent got_ now. A. any; any B. some; any C. some; some D. any; somev12. Is there _ with your bike? A. anything wrong B. wrong anything C. something wrong D. wrong somethingv13. - Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye, Mum. - Well, make sure youve got_ ready. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothingv14. He can speak _ French, but not_. A. some, much B. any, much C. much, many D. many, anyv15. Money is important in my life, but it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anythingBACAA练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择v16. - Could I have some milk? - Certainly. Theres_ in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. fewv17. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. this D. thatv18. This apple is delicious. Give me _one ,please. A. the other B. another C. others D. otherv19. They are both good at English, but _ of them is good at maths. A. none B. either C. all D. neitherv20. There are fifty students in our class. Some are from the USA, and _are from China A. another B. the other C. others D. otherBBBBC练习二、练习二、 用正确的代词填空用正确的代词填空v1. -Excuse _, is this bike yours?v -No, it isnt _. I think its Toms.v -Yes, it is _.v2. She will finish the work_.v3. Make _ at home, Lucy.v4.The boy is standing with _ hands in the pocket.v5. You can have one cake_, children.v6. Will you please do _ shopping for me? v7. Miss Gao wants to teach her students _ she knows.v8. You may stay here for _ five days.v9. This question is so easy that_ can answer it.v10. I hope _ goes well.meminehisherselfyourselfhiseachsomeeverythinganotheranyoneeverything练习二、练习二、 用正确的代词填空用正确的代词填空v11. The man has two sons, and _ of them are strong. One is tall and _ is short.v12. American take-away food is quite different from _.(our)v13. We study Chinese, English and some_ subjects.v14. _ of the shoes in the shop were the right size for me. They were _too big or too small.v15. _ draws so well as Jim.v16. The population of Harbin is smaller than_ of Beijing.v17. The blue shoes look better than the green _v18. Please keep together, I dont want _ of you get lost.v19. Well have to hurry. We havent got _ time.v20. Jim is taller than _ else in the class.boththe otheroursotherNoneeitherNobodythatonesanymuchanyone