现在完成时-现在完成进行时12.28.pdf
Date 12. 28现在完成时现在完成时一、 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done)二、 句型：否认句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否认)三用法1现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)He has (just/already) come. (含义：他现在在这儿)My father has gone to work. (含义可能是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)2 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作 用行为动词表示或状态be 动词表示常与 for+时间段, since+时间点或过去时的句子连用.for+时段since+过去一个时间点译为：自从以来since+时段+agosince+从句过去时It is+时段+since+从句过去时Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过已不在去过的地方My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久还在所呆的地方My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。以 so far到目前为止为标志He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去, 我们可以从动作 “延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点过去 从句为标志注意：注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three yearsago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用 3瞬间动词buy, die, join, come, go ,leave, join 不能直接与 for / since 连用。要改为其他动词表达相同的意义：系动词的作用buy-haveborrow -keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-be ingo out-be outleave -be awaybegin-be onfinish-be overopen-be openclose -be closeddie-be dead1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.用“用“bebe形容词”代终止性动词形容词”代终止性动词瞬间动词瞬间动词1、bemarried 代 marry2、beill 代 fall (get) ill3、bedead 代 die4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、beawake 代 wake/wake up6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open8、be closed 代 close/shut9、bemissing(gone, lost)代 lose用“用“bebe副词”代终止性动词副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代 start,begin2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here或 go (arrive,reach,get) there等等用“用“bebe介词短语”代终止性动词介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move toExercises 1:1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known. have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai ,has he ? 反义疑问句. already .never.never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before.before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known. have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen. have seen9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go. did they go. did they go. do they go. have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in. has been in12、Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been. have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been. been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up ! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun. had begun. has been on. has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is. is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone.has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in. have been in. have been to. have gone to. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent theyD. havent they19、 _has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he_ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereC. has lived thereD. has left the university现在完成进行时现在完成进行时基本结构：助动词 have/has+been+doing基本用法1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。Hes been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。2. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如：She is very tired. Shes been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。现在完成时现在完成时 vs.vs.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1这两个时态的主要差异是，现在完成时表示动作已完成， 而完成进行时却不一定如此：进行，有延续意味，没有明确的终止性。Ive made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕。已做好Ive been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕。 不一定做好了Shes painted a picture. 她画了一幅画。已画好Shes been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画。可能还没画好Theyve built a bridge. 他们建了一座桥。(已建好)Theyve been building a bridge. 他们一直在建一座桥。可能还在建Hes written a novel. 他写了一部小说。已完成Hes been writing a novel. 他在写一部小说。(可能尚未完成)2许多静态动词静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时：Ive known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了。The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了 6 个月。Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他。Weve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks. 几乎有两星期天气都很恶劣。Theyve owned the house for many years. 这房子他们已经拥有许多年了。Ive always thought youre right. 我一向认为认为你是对的。但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：Ive been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想想这样做。Tom has been seeing about 考虑，处理 a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取取得得工作许可证。Which judge has been hearing the case? 哪位法官在审审这个案子？She has been having a tooth out. 她在拔牙。The children have been looking forward to this holiday for months. 孩子们好几个月来一直盼望着这个节日。want 这个动词有时可用于完成进行时，表示“一直想”：Youre the very man Ive been wanting to meet. 你正是我一直想见的人.3) 有少数动词用两种时态都可以，意思差异不大，如：They have been working very well this term. 这学期他们学习很好。They have worked very well this term.It has been raining for two hours. 下了两个小时的雨。It has rained for two hours.We have looked for mushrooms but have not found any. 我们找寻蘑菇但一无所获。We have been looking for mushrooms but have not found any.强调时间长度时间长度用完成进行时比较好：Ive been coughing all night. 我咳了一整夜。比Ive coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久All the time shes been sitting there in silence. 她一直一直静坐在那里。All these years weve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们一直一直在设法和他联系。Hes been hoping for a raise in salary all the time. 他一直一直盼着加薪。现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。 陈述事实I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。 等得好辛苦现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况较短暂的动作或情况， 假设要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。如：He has lived in Paris. 他一直住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris. 他目前住在巴黎。 表暂时性Exercises 2:1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months.A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparingD. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap(圈套、陷阱), itll be too late for him todo anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedC. has walkedD. had walked3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seenD. have seen4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_ English for a year.A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studyingD. has been studying5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedC. has workedD. had worked6. I have got a headache.No wonder. You_in front of that computer too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingC. have been workingD. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.A. has fallenA. has fallenB. had fallenC. is fallingD. was falling8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had consideredB. has been consideringB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider9. _ you _ him around the museum yet?Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have ; shownA. Have ; shownB. Do ; showC. Had; shownD. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale.I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingC. have been paintingD. have painted
