年考研英语二真题及答案.doc
如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流年考研英语二真题及答案【精品文档】第 22 页Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases comparedto those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for whichbeing overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are lesslikely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among theelderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be verydifficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI.BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMIof 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_,can bedivided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a highBMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 asobese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone witha small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweightare sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown toharbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look downon the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problemin schools.1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore4. A indicator B objective C origin D example5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward10. A so B unlike C since D unless11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste12. A start B quality C retire D stay13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored16. A B combined C settled D associated17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies20. A for B against C with D withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lotteryjackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lastingfeelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money byElizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show thatthe most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasiesof great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quicklywhat was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It isfar better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well aslottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems mostpeople would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is oftenmore pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are mostenjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reasonMacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketingtrick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious aboutfulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people inwealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yetthe link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seenamong rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances thepleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with theauthors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time toreducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will comeaway from this book believing it was money well spent。21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the mostrewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich meal22.The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show thatAconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy MoneyAhas left much room for readerscriticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the usD may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how toAbalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large sums of money won in lotteriesCobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empiricalresearch says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than youare. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and wenaturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research intowhat the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”,and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above averagein leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersallobviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirmingsituations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negativestereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinkingwere hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a keystudying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that havepeople simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them toidentify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup includingversions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visualrecognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological processoccurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousdeliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was thereany evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, theparticipants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those whothought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were realdirectly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higherself-esteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are anyevidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “Its a reflection simplyof people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed,you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s study,itmakes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-onone level, they dont even recognise the person in the picture asthemselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,wherepeople can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of theirwit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoplesprofiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of WisconMadisonuniversity ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have foundthat _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_A rapid watchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to_A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaningto_.AinstinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers paradisebecause people can _.Apresent their dishonest profilesBdefine their traditional life stylesCshare their intellectual pursuitsDwithhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to theeconomy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing cancontribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typicalhousing project. It is hard to shove for attention amongmultibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that theattention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reasonis that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waitinglists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough newhomes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for thegovernment to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudicesto one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. Thecommunities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the currentcap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housingstock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built overthe next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rentalenvironment, which would have a significant impact on the ability ofregistered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures wouldbe welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expirein 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party hasrecently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalitionsspending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to acceptthat we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale publicgrants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector_A has attracted much attentionB involves certain political factorsC shoulders too much responsibilityD has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has_A increased its home supplyB offered spending opportunitiesC suffered government biasesD disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_.A allow greater government debt for housingB stop local authorities from building homesC prepare to reduce housing stock debtD release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_.Alower the costs of registered providersBlessen the impact of government interferenceCcontribute to funding new developmentsDrelieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may_.Aimplement more policies to support housingBreview the need for large-scale public grantsCrenew the affordable housing grants programmeDstop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glassthats perpetually half fall. But thats exactly the kind of falsedeerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. “Healthyoptimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, aHarvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are thesewho make the best of things that happen, but not those who believeeverything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag,after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. Hereminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some willbe less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes theweak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and whatdoesnt. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledgingthat in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share anapartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own