深圳牛津英语初二上学期知识点汇总.doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流深圳牛津英语初二上学期知识点汇总【精品文档】第 91 页八年级上学期知识点Chapter 1 WaterI. 重点单词：一、单词1.liquid 液体 solid 固体( sold ) 2.gas 气体( has；was ) cover 覆盖( discover；over )3.stream 小溪( dream；ice cream ) tap 龙头( tape；cap；map；top )4. freeze 惊呆；吓呆( froze；freezen) pump 用泵输送(jump)5.waste 浪费(taste 尝起来) sound 听起来；似乎( round；found) 6.angry 生气的；愤怒的 obey 服从；顺从( disobey 违反)7.nod 点头( not；now；nor ) total 总数；合计8.treatment 处理；治疗( treat v.) works 工厂；著作；作品 9.travel 旅行( traveler n.) pipe 管子 10.until 直到时( =till ) sewage (下水道的)污水11.pollute 污染( pollution n.) valuable 有价值的；宝贵的( value v.)12.mint 铸币厂( mine；mind ) shiny 光亮的( shine n.)13.customer 顾客；客户 ordinary 普通的 14.owner 主人；物主( own v.& adj.) bath 洗澡；沐浴( path；both )15.pour 涌流；倾斜( four；tour 旅行；sour 酸；hour；your our )16.plant 工厂；植物；种植( plan；plane；planet；pant长裤子；plain 平原 ) 17.freeze-froze-frozen, 使呆住Daisy froze when she heard the sound. (freeze: stop moving because of surprise.)=Daisy got surprised when 18.waste: v. 浪费 wasteon sth; wastein doing sth He wasted lots of money on the plan. He wasted much time in playing games.adj. 废弃的；无用的We shouldnt pour waste water into the river.n. 废物 U You shouldnt put your waste everywhere. 19. obey v. 服从 obey-obeyed-obeyed; disobey v. 不服从, 违抗;obey the rules/ break the rules（disobey the rules）遵守规则/违法规则20. nod v. 点头 nod-nodded-noddednod ones head/shake ones head 点头/摇头 shake-shook-shaken21. sound n. 声音 Whats that sound? Linking v. （系动词） 听起来， 后接形容词 sound angry/nice/bad sound like 听起来像， 后接名词It sounds like a good plan. It sounds like music to my ears.22. pollute v. 污染 pollution n. 污染 polluted adj. 受污染的 polluting adj. 污染的 23. works: n. plant24.treatment n. 处理 treat n. 款待, 宴飨 v. 对待, 治疗, 处理, 请客, 视为25. owner n. 物主 own v. 拥有26. valuable adj. 有价值的 MVP: most valuable player最优秀选手; VIP: very important person贵宾 value n. 价值 v. 评价II.重点词组1. brush ones teeth 刷牙 （ones 要根据人称变，如：brush my teeth ）2.the amount of .的数量 pour into 倾倒 drop into.将。扔进 3. awater treatment works 自来水厂 in the first place pocket money 零花钱4. turn the tap on/off 打开/关水龙头 turn on/off = switch on/off5look around 四周看 a sewage plant 污水处理厂 pump into 把。抽到。6. sound angry 听起来愤怒 （sound 是系动词，后可以跟形容词，不能跟副词。） be angry with sb 生某人的气7. clean up 打扫干净，净化 clean sth up= make sth clean8. in the first place = in the beginning 起初，首先 liquid gold 液体金子9. remember (not) to do sth. 记得（不要）去做某事 （事情还没做）（remember to do反义词组：forget to do 忘记去做 ）remember doing sth 记得做过某事 (事情已做过) 反义词组：forget doing sth 忘记做过某事10. shake ones head 摇头 （shake- shook-shaken） 反义词组： nod ones head 点头 (nod-nodded-nodded）11.pour into 源源流入，排放 pour down 倾泻12.carry to 把带到 13.go back to= return to 回到 be on.上演 in time 及时14. talk to sb. 对某人说话； talk with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about sb. 谈论某人15. be covered with 被覆盖16. waste on sth/in doing sth 浪费做某事补充：（From More practice）17. in fact 事实上 18. leave the tap on 让水龙头开着 19. believe it or not 信不信由你20. flush the toilet 冲厕所 21. fresh water 淡水 salty water 咸水 sea water 海水 ground water 地下水III.重点语法：1. until 与 notuntil句型 until “直到” 用于肯定句，用于引导时间状语从句。表示动作或事情一直要延续到until 所连接的时间为止。如： He lived in Shenzhen until he was twenty. 他在深圳一直住到20岁。notuntil “直到才” 用于否定句，表示动作直到until所连接的时间才发生。如： I didnt leave until I heard the sound of alarm. 直到听到警报声我才离开。I will wait until he comes back. 我要等到他回来。He wont leave until the rain stops. 注意：until 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。2. It be + 形容词 (+ for sb.) + (not ) to do sth. It be + 形容词 (+ of sb.) + (not) to do sth.对比以上句型，有何异同？若形容词仅仅是描述to do sth（所做的事), 用for sb.，这类形容词有easy， difficult，hard，important，dangerous, impossible等。若形容词是描述sb.(人）的性格、品质的，用of sb. 这类形容词有kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。3. 谈论名词的数量，着重与可数名词和不可数名词的运用；询问可数名词数量 询问不可数名词数量How many How much修饰可数名词数量 修饰不可数名词数量多 too many /a lot of/ lots of/ many too much/ a lot of /lots of/ much一些,几个 some/ a few（肯定） some/ a little（肯定）少 not many/not enough/ too few/few（否定） not much/ not enough/ too little/little（否定）Few 可由hardly any或almost no 代替。 A few 相当于some ,several.含肯定的意味。 没有 none none 区别： too much 和 much too too much milk/money/time 修饰不可数名词； much too cold/hot/good/fast/hurriedly 修饰形容词或副词many a 和many 是同义，但是前者语气较强，并且要与单数名词及动词的第三人称单数连用as many 和so many 均等同于the same number of .前有as,like 时，只能用so many,our classroom has as many windows as theirs.The boys were swimming in the pond like so many fish.那些男孩像鱼群似的在池塘游泳。As much 等同于the same amount of ,表同量和同一事情。He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea.他买了两磅糖和茶叶。I was not in the least surprised,for I had fully expected as much.我一点也不感到惊讶，因为我已经完全预料到了这件事。5. some 用于肯定句中，any用否定句和疑问句中，a little 和a few ,表示肯定， little和 few 用于否定句中。Any 也常用于条件分句以及带有否定含义的句子中。If you have any trouble,please let me know.I forgot to ask for any change.6.当说话人期待肯定回答时，some 也可用于疑问句，比如当说话人期待来信时，Are there some letters for me ?当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时，也可以用在疑问句中用some.Could I have some of these apples?Would you like some chocolate cake?7.当some与单数可数名词搭配时，some 相当于a certain（某一）的含义。而any与单数可数名词搭配，则相当于every (任何一个)的含义。Some boy has broken a window.Any child could answer that question.no 与none 的用法辨析。no 可以作副词，也可以做形容词和名词。no 做副词时，为yes的反义词，用在回答问题的场合。表示“不”的意思。用在比较级前，表示“并不”之意。The weather today is no better than it was yesterday.注意：当no用作形容词时，可直接放在名词之前，如果名词的前面有a,any,much,many,enough等词时，就要改用not，不用no，因为not 是副词，只有副词才有资格修饰a,any,much,many,enough等词I have no money =I have not any money.8.a. none既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语既可以用单数，也可以用复数。b. none有时暗示一种范围，no one则没有这种范围的暗示；none有时暗示一种数量，即指数量上的“一个也没有”，而no one或nobody则往往表示一种全面否定，即指“谁都没有”，所以在回答how many 或how much 的提问时，通常用none,而在回答who的提问时，通常用no one 或nobody。9. enough的用法a.enough做形容词时，意思是“充足的，足够的”，后面常跟for 引导的短语或可数名词。1.作定语，修饰不可数名词和可数名词复数，位置可前可后。2.作表语。Six chairs should be enough.3.enough 做副词时，以为“充足的，足够的”，可用来修饰形容词，常用句型结构如下。Adj.+enough+to do/for 短语。The ice is hard enough to skate on.Adj,+enough not to do.表示足够怎么样而不会去做，。4.enough 还可以修饰副词和动词，但是必须后置，b.enough 作名词时，“足够，充足”，作主语时，看作单数，enough has been said on how to learn English well。C. cant /can never enough 表示“无论怎么都不过分”We can never be careful enough in doing such experiments.plenty of ,a lot of ,lots of 均表示“许多”，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。a great /a good deal of /a large/a small quantity of ,a large /a small amount of .均表示“量”，修饰不可数名词。a (large,great ,good) number of “许多”复数可数名词，其谓语动词用复数。the number of +复数名词，意为：。的数量“，其谓语动词用单数。Chapter Two School newspaperI 单词：1. local 当地的；本地的(location) term 学期(team)2. publish 出版；发行 suggest 建议(suggestion n.=advice)3. briefly 简要地 conclude 结束 (= finish / end ) 4. experience 经验；经历 vote 投票；选举( voter n. note )5. secretary 秘书(secret adj.) section 文件、书等的)节；项；段6. absent 不在场的；缺勤的 shame 遗憾的事；可惜(share；same)7. form 排列成；形式；年级 mayor 市长(may)8. deserve 应受；应得(serve) march 齐步走；行进(March；match)9. consider 考虑(= think about) stall 摊位；货摊(still；tall；small)10. design 设计( designer sign) jar 罐子(bar car；star；far)11. match 竞赛；比赛(=game；watch) teenage 十三岁到十九岁的12. committee 委员会 edition (书、报等)版次（editor）13. pleased 高兴的；满足的；满意的( pleasure n. pleasant adj. ) 14. hold 举行( 过去式:held；cold；sold；told )15. feature (报纸、电视等中)特写或专题节目；羽毛 （ leature 皮革 ）16. praise 表扬( raise；pride；proud )17. elect 选举(= choose election；elector = voter；electricity 电；电子 ) 18. free 免费的；自由的；空闲的( freedom n. freeze ) II.词组：the top students: 顶尖学生 e.g: If you study hard, then you will be one of the top students 如果你努力学习，你将成为顶尖学生之一。2. one of the+复数名词：.之一e.g: Wendy must be one of the top students. Wendy 一定是其中一位尖子生。John is one of the top engineers. John 是顶尖工程师之一。请注意哦: One of the+复数名词：此短语为固定搭配，one of the 后面通常跟复数名词。3. put on: 穿，戴e.g: I put on my school uniform.同义词：wear, have onput on与wear, have on的区别：put on表示“穿”的动作，而wear, have on表示“穿着”的状态。Mary, put on your coat. Its cold outside. Mary is wearing a red coat.Mary has on a red coat.反义词：take offe.g: Take your coat off.4. have breakfast 吃早餐have breakfast / have lunch 吃午餐/ have dinner (supper)吃晚餐 have tea喝茶 / have a drink喝饮料e.g: I have breakfast with my parents. 我和我的父母一起吃早餐。I want to have a drink. 我想来点儿喝的。5. discuss = talk over Every morning we discuss the business at breakfast. 每天早上我们都会在早餐时讨论业务。Every morning we talk over the business at breakfast.每天早上我们都会利用早餐时间讨论业务。e.g: 关于这点，我们开会讨论吧。 Lets have a meeting to discuss about it (talk it over). 同学们在讨论如何过暑假。 The students are discussing how to spend the summer holiday.6. at breakfast / lunch / supper means when having breakfast / lunch / supper 意思是“当吃早餐、午餐、晚餐的时候”Every morning we discuss the business at breakfast. 每天早上我们都会在早餐时间讨论业务。Id like to talk with my classmates at lunch. 我会在午餐时间和我的同学交谈。Every night I watch TV for an hour at dinner.每天晚上我都会在晚餐时间看一个小时电视。7. ones own 某人自己的 e.g: I always go to school in my own car.我总是坐自己的车上学。 I often travel in my own car. 我经常开着自己的车出去旅游。 He finishes this work by his own efforts. 他凭借着自己的努力完成了这项工作。 Mary is drawing in her own room. Mary在自己的房间画画呢。8. make a phone call to somebody = call somebody 给某人打电话I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.I sometimes call my clients on the way to school.9. on the/one''s way to 在去的路上I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.我有时会在上学的路上给客户打电话。I meet my parents on my way home.我在回家的路上遇见了我的父母。10. enjoy doing sth.= like doing sth. 喜欢做某事I enjoy seeing my school friends. = I like seeing my school friends.我喜欢见到我的校友。11. fail an exam = cant pass an exam 考试不及格e.g: Wendy never fails an exam. Wendy 考试从来不会不及格。 =Wendy can pass every exam.Wendy每次考试都及格。12. once / twice a weekMeans something happens one time or two times in a week.意思是某事每周都会发生一到两次。e.g: Once a week I have violin lessons. 我每周都会去学习小提琴一次。 About twice a week my driver collects me from school. 我的司机大约每周两次来学校接我。13. collect 接走，取走 e.g: About twice a week my driver collects me from school. 我的司机大约每周两次来学校接我。14. attend表示参加会议、婚礼、讲座、社团等 e.g: After school I usually attend a club. 放学后我通常参加俱乐部。I attend the Shenzhen Stamp Club.我参加了深圳集邮俱乐部。Miss Yan attended a meeting yesterday. 颜老师昨天参加了一个会议。15. assist = help 帮助 e.g: The other students often ask me to assist them. 其他学生经常叫我去帮他们。The other students often ask me to help them. 其他学生经常叫我去帮他们。16. continue doing sth. = go on doing 继续做某事e.g: Then I go to my office and continue working on my games.然后我回到我的办公室继续做我的游戏 =Then I go to my office and go on working on my games.17. chief aditor主编。Take charge of 负责，管理 ask for请求，要求Be respondible for 对。负责 take over 商量，讨论 pay for 付款In one weeks time 一周以后II.本章重点语法知识一 情态动词should 和ought 的用法1. should 表示责任，义务。或理所当然，后跟动词原形，它也是shall的过去式a. 表义务，意为“应该”变否定句时，直接在情态动词后加NOT,变疑问句时，直接将情态动词提升到主语前面You should be polite to your teachers.You should not waste any time.b. 表示“推测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等They should be home by now.2. ought 意为“应该”后跟动词不定式。表示应该做某事,否定为ought not to .a. 表示义务。“应该”You are his father.You ought to take good care of him.b. 表示推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Hanmei ought to know his telephone number.二 感叹句感叹句表示说话时的一种较为强烈的感情，如：喜悦，赞叹，惊讶，愤怒，厌恶1. 有how 引导的感叹句，其句式为a. how+形容词+主语+谓语how clever you are!b. how +形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语how pretty a girl she is ! how interesting a book this is!c. How +副词+主语+谓语(表意清楚时，其间的副词可以去掉)How （fast） the train is moving. How (hard) the wind blows!How happily the children are playing!d. how +主语+谓语How time flies! How it blows!注意：1. how与其后的副词或形容词构成短语，在句中充当状语或表语，因此，how与其后的副词、形容词不可分开。当后面的谓语动词是系动词时，用“how+形容词”，当后面的谓语动词是行为动词时，用“how+副词”如：how fine he looks! How carefully he is looking at the blackboard!e. how 构成的感叹句中的谓语不用否定形式。How unwise you are to go there alone!(不可以说成：how wise you are not!)2. 由what 引导的感叹句，其句式为：a. what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语what good news it is !what hard work it is !b. what a(an)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！What a good boy he is!c. what +形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！What tall buildings (these are)!d. 当what 和how构成的感叹句表达的意思相同时，两者可以互换，但是结构不同。What foolish men they are!=how foolish the men they are!总结：HOW 后面跟形容词和副词，再跟主谓语！what 后面跟主语（或形容词+名词S）。III.本章语法专练I.英汉互译：1.当地人2.主编3.付款4.商量，讨论5.投票选某人6.世界新闻7.放学后8.考虑 9.这学期10.足球比赛11.take charge of12.a pile of newspapers13.be responsible for sb.14.hold a meeting15.the head teacher16.take notes17.different ideas18.make a decision19.have experienc20.in one weeks timeII. 情态动词练习题1( ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you_.A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not2来源:学§科§网( ) 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Thanks, but you_, I've had enough.A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it _ be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( ) 5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do3来源:Z.xx.k.Com( ) 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must( ) 2 You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you_. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may notshould 和 ought to 有什么区别？1.大体上两者的意思是相同的,通常可以互相转换 2.ough