英国文学作家,作品及主要特征风格(吐血整理).doc

如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英国文学作家,作品及主要特征风格(吐血整理) 人 书 脑 1.William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-16161. Historical plays & comedies & early tragedies Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人; 2. Great tragedies Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗; King Lear李尔王; The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;； Measure for Measure恶有恶报; 3. Tragi-comedies The Tempest暴风风雨; RenaissanceShakespearian sonnet14行诗Not for an age, but for all time. 永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句 2John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674(The phases of Milton's life parallel the major historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. )Three periods:1. Short poems LAllegro欢乐的人; Il Penseroso沉思的人; Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;2. Pamphlets & tracts Areopagitica论出版自由; The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩; The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;3. poems Paradise Lost失乐园; Paradise Regained复乐园; Samson Agonistes力士参孙FeaturesMilton's poetry and prose reflect 1. deep personal convictions 2. a passion for freedom and self-determination 3. the urgent issues and political turbulence 4. achieved international renown within his lifetime.Special Features1. Rich and complex texture, multiplicity of the classical (Biblical and mythological) references, wealth of ornament and decoration2. Subjects are magnificent3. The characters are human and believable 4. In the ending, life not death is triumphantInfluenceRomantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven.Winston Churchill 3Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-17311. The Father of the English Fiction2. first important English novelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成 3. versatile 多产的  FictionRobinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记1719 Captain Singleton辛格尔顿船长1720Moll Flanders摩尔·弗兰德斯 1722A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年记事 1722Non-fictionThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters消灭不同教派的捷径 Poems Hymn to the Pillory枷锁颂wrote in prison. imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman地道的英国人1701his first ironic poem & the most successful poem.Artistic features:1. D had a gift for organizing minute detail-both credible and fascinating. 2. His sentences are sometimes short and plain,sometimes long and rambling-an impression of casual narration.3. His language is smooth, easy, and mostly vernacular地方的. everything is common English at its best instead of artificial.3. His novels enjoy a popularity among middle class.Theme1. Sings the praises of labour2. Beautifies the colonialism3. Reflects the aggressive and brave image of the rising English bourgeoisie4. Belaud the individualism.5. Affirm the power of human, espcially the force of reason4Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745( a master of satire )Dublin ,Ireland The Battle of Books书的战争; an attack on pedantry(买弄学问) A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事; 1. in the form of a parable2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity itself Guillivers Travels格列佛游记 Lilliput 小人国-the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党) Brobdingnag 大人国-a satire on English lords and ladies Flying Island 飞岛国-corrupted philosophers & projectors Country of the Horses 智马国-the conflicts of English society and people A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议 Style: simple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly irony & powerful satire. Swifts Artistic Features 1. Satire Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful. 2. Simplicity and Directness Swift is always most unsurpassed in the writing. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”5Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传-epistolary novel 书信体小说Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯; Amelia阿美利亚Literary Views1.He firmly believed the educational function of literature2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct3.“the just copies of human manners” (人类态度的完整拷贝）Literary Features1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous6Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796(the national poet of Scotland 苏格兰民族诗人)Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 Poems: The Tree of Liberty自由村; Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人; The Two Dogs两只狗; His theme: 1.Love & friendship 2.The natural beauty of his native Scotland 3.The patriotism of his compatriots and their struggle for liberty7William Blake布莱克1757-1827(a precursor of Romanticism in English poetry浪漫主义先驱) Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience经验之歌；(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish; innocent without being insipid乏味 ） The French Revolution法国革命; The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻; 名诗：Lamb; London; The TigerFirst Important Romantic Poet 1.Inner spiritual freedom of the individual2.Plain, simple, direct, immense meaning3.Vision images4.Symbolism8William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850（Poet Laureate桂冠诗人）(developed and cherished a love of nature) Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（mark the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry）; The Solitary Reaper Composed upon Westminster BridgeTheme: Nature Ordinary people Ordinary lifePreface: Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Romantic Poetic Principles "Preface" : classic statement of Romantic poetry principles; manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetryLiterary ConceptThe function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things, to “incidents and situations from common life.” All kinds of people, ordinary peasants, children, even outcasts, can enter poetry.Language in poetry1.He advocated using the language of common people.2.Imagination was very important in poetic creation.9Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817Novels: Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见; Sense and Sensibility理智与情感; Emma爱玛; Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园; Persuasion 劝导 Northanger Abbey诺桑觉Fragments and early drafts: Lady Susan The watsons SanditonWriting Features1.Her earliest fictional ventures are full of charming and delicate comedy. 2.She was almost uninfluenced, by the current fashions in fiction or by the revolutionary ideas. 3.Simple stories of commonplace people of the upper middle class.4.Her works show a wealth of character studies, and abound in wit, humor and charm.ThemesShe never touched upon the class conflicts of her time, and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown. She restricted her subject, matter to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous, middle-class circle in provincial surroundings. She treated her writing material with such subtlety of observation, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists. 10George Gordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824早期： Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻; Edinburgh ReviewEnglish Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家; Canto I，II，III长诗：Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记; Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集Prison of ChillonManfred曼弗雷德;Cain 该隐 Don Juan唐·璜 名诗： She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行FeaturesByrons poetry exerted great influence on the Romantic Movement, owing to his attacks on political, religious and moral hypocrisy, to the romantic character of “Byronic Hero” and to the easy, natural beauty of his verse.11Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王; Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯; The Cenci钦契; Song to the Men of England致英国人民; The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行; Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂; Features1. Shelly was a revolutionary and a democrat. He was fighting all his life against cruelty, injustice, authority and institutional religion.2. He held that poetry alone could free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers.3.“Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”12John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821First work: Endymion恩底弥翁;Well-known poets: Isabella伊莎贝拉; The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜; On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀 Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂; To Autumn秋颂; Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂; Features:His poetry is always sensuous, colorful and rich in imaginary.Keats has the power of entering the feelings of others- either human or animal. He declared that when he saw a bird on the lawn, the entered imaginatively into the life of the bird.13Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传; Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特; American Notes美国札记; Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特; The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店; Dombey and Son董贝父子; David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔; Hard Times艰难时世; A Tale of Two Cities双城记; Great Expectation远大前程Theme:Charles continued to use his books to tell about the bad conditions that the working classes and poor people had to live under. He hoped that by doing this things would change for the good, but they just seemed to get worse.Analysis of D.C.1.Its an adapted account of Dickens own life from childhood to early adulthood. (5 AspectsC. P.)2.The 1st point of view adds much to the realistic effects and sympathetic treatment of characters.3.The successful employment of childs point of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of Davids experiences and his feelings.14Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Works: The Return of the Native还乡; The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长; Tess of the Durbervilles德伯家的苔丝; Jude the Obscure无名的裘德 史诗剧： The Dynasts统治者三部曲Three groups of his work: Romances and Fantasies; novels of ingenuity; novels of character and environmentAnalysis of Tess1. Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society and the inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English country and destroyed the peasantry from the root.2. Tess: a typical victim of the society, a personal and also social tragedy. (poverty, society, two men)3. Fate plays an important role.4.“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals had ended his sport with Tess.”Features1.His view was rather gloomy and dark, inevitable conflicts and tragedy of human life.2.His works are noted for the realistic presentation of life and social criticism.3.He is a great painter of nature. (Wessex)4.In style, he is a traditionalist and heightens the local and regional color.Theme:1. The struggle between men and his environment, between aspiring human spirit and the external inanimate nature.2. Common working class people as heroes and heroines. They are usually tragic ones who acquire self-consciousness and question the fundamentals of society.3.Strong elements of naturalism and combined with a tendency towards symbolism.15Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900(aestheticism 唯美主义者)Art for arts sake长篇小说: The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像 童话： The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子 诗集： De Prafundis惨痛的呼声; The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌 剧作： Lady Windermeres Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子; A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女; An Ideal Husband理想丈夫; The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性“Art for Arts Sake”1. A spokesman for aestheticism2. Belonged to decadent school3. Elements of social protest and criticism16George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950（Nobel Prize Winner）Art for educations sake长篇小说： An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者 评论： Quintessence of Ibsenism 剧本： Widoers Houses鳏夫的房产; Mrs Warrens Profession华伦夫人的职业 Arms and the man Candida The man of dynasty Caesar and Cleopatra Major Barbara巴巴拉少校 Pygmalion劈克美梁; Heartbreak House伤心之家; The Apple Cart苹果车; Too True to be Good真相毕露Art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people.Features1. Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. With his wit and love of paradox, he made full use of comic satire and brought a new kind of intelligence to the drama.2. Shaws language is easy, witty and forceful.3. Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of the audience.17James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941(the stream of consciousness technique 意识流大师)短篇小说： Dubiners都柏林人 长篇小说： A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 青年艺术家的画像 Ulysess尤利西斯; Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒 个人成就之 Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce, 1882-1941），被认为是继莎士比亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，他在小说领域取得的成就，代表着现代主义文学的一座高峰。乔伊斯对小说形式和内容进行的探索标志着英国小说史上的重大突破。他的意识流打破了以时间为顺序的小说模式，改变了传统小说的时空观念；他对英语语言的创造性运用极大地丰富了英语的表意功能。18Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941（Bloomsbury Group-progressive new thinking ）长篇小说： Jacobs Room Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人; To the Lighthouse到灯塔去; A Room of Ones Own; The Waves浪; The Years Between the Acts幕间 个人成就之 Woolf意识流小说构成伍尔芙最引人注目的文学成就，她对女性存在的历史与现状独具慧眼的反思与洞察，使其成为女性主义批评史上先驱式人物。  伍尔芙与乔伊斯的不同之处在于她使用意识流技巧时常常从一个人物不露痕迹地跳到另一个人物，描绘出在同一时间不同空间人物的不同活动及思想。 Defoe and Swift They are the forerunners of English fiction.Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding The maturity of the English novel doesnt come until they appear. Real beginning of English Romanticism: publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge3