2022年2022年兰州大学年考博英语试题 2.pdf

兰州大学2007 年考博英语试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%) Directions： In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question. Section I 1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcasses A. destroy B. identify C. remove D. compare 2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs A. outlandish B. remote C exempted D. exclusive 3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making cither would do. A. advantageous B. convenient C. identifiable D. equivalent 4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened A. continuation B. beginning C. expansion D. outcome 5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North America were formed A. melted B. advanced C evaporated D. exploded 6. New York is a shoppers paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows A. a fortune B. a dime C. much D. quite lot 7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another. A. lawfully B. subsequently C. randomly D. mercilessly 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year. A. nongovernmental B. unauthorized C. confidential D. nontransferable 9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are Dormant A. uncharted B. unpredictable C. minor D. inactive 10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels. A. independent of B. near C. obscured by D. within 11. One of Californias most acute problems is an inadequate water supply. A. critical B. unusual C. persistent D. unexpected 12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others. A. prospect B. stages C. aspect D. activity 13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear. A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made 14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish. A. requiring B. sending C. buying D. applying 15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests. A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend 16. In frogs and toads ，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects. A proscribing B. protruding C. provoking D. protracting 17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes. A. in addition to B. in spite of C. because of D. with regard to 18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attacker B. nourishment C. enemies D. victims 19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter, A. absurd B. nourishment C. tragic D. unpardonable 20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year? A. only B. at least C. exactly D. fewer than Section II (20%) 21. Not until the eighteenth century _the complex chemistry of metallurgy. A. when scientists began to appreciate B. did scientists begin to appreciate C. scientists who were beginning to appreciate D. the appreciation of scientists began 22. Pewte, _ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness. A. widely used it C. which widely used B. was widely used D. widely used 23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office _ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes. A. was administered C. was accomplished B. being directed D. of administration was 24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _ ends in the small intestine. A. when B. while C. and D. because 25. _fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas. A. As B. Despite C. Though D. In case 26. Probably at about the same time speech, _laughter originated too. A. increased B. brought about C . evolved D. resulted 27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is _in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings. A. located B- secluded C formed D. spotted 28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, _ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case. A. in increase attention B. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasing D. in attention 29. Researchers _ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively. A. have brought about B. had set up C have established D. had put up 30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and _ where we in society. A. to determine B. determine C. to the determination D. by determining 31. If pollution continues to increase _the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - A. with B. in C. by D. at 32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with_ that there were fewer calories in every slice. A. message B. the message C. messages D. information 33. Americans view business _based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. A. being as more firmly B. as more firmly C. as being more firmly D. as is more firmly 34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, _astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. A was B. because C. to which D. an 35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils _rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life. A. from becoming B. becoming C. to become D. to becoming 36. Parents should realize that example is better than _”A. statement B. lesson C. proverb D. precept 37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black. A but that B. though C. however D. therefore 38. _they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. Even B. Why C. Although D. Nevertheless 39. _in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plants C. The spacing of plants is wide D. Plants to be spaced widely 40. Faults in the Earths crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _interrupt previously continuous layers. A. by which B. which it C. where they D. thus it Part Two Translation Section I (From English into Chinese) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%) (1) Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on analysis, proved sound, Shannon comments. (2) Each of these mechanical game- players is said to “learn ” because it is soprogrammed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sad 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - experience that one thing or another doesnt work and profiting by mistake. One of Shannons more fantastic triumphs is t he magnetized mouse” which, when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the only path to the “cheese. ” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly aroundrunning into one wall after another. Eventually，by repeated try and error, it will locate the cheese. If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones. (4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the basis of its own experience. Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything not ye t Whether it ever will is still an open argument SectionII (From Chinese into English) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into English. (20%) 在中国的西北边陲，在新疆的天山南北，有一支拥有百万军垦战士，肩负“ 屯垦戍边 ” 使命的接师， 新疆生产建设兵团。(6)这是世界上独一无二的兵团。兵团釆取军事建制，战士却不穿军装，从事生产建设。（7）兵团成立45 年来，百万军垦战士在沙漠边绘的荒原上栽种了几亿棵树，创建设了172 个、面积达数万亩的绿洲.在世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛千沙漢和古尔班通古特沙漠的边缘，兵团创建了 “ 人进沙退 ” 的奇连，他们的存在，使中国辽阔的西北边陲, 铸起了一道绿色的“ 界碑 ”.（8）45 年前，驻新藏中国人民解放军10 万零5 千官兵就地转业，成立新疆军区生产建设兵团。从60 年代初开始 ,又有大批的军队复转官兵从内地调来，大批的知识育年抅入兵团，他们的到来壮大了兵团的臥伍，也为兵团注入了新的活力.现在第三代兵团也己经幵始加入这个行列. 今天，我们在新疆生产建设兵团看到的是悠悠绿洲和一派丰收景象。在兵团里，每个老战士都能讲述一段兵团人早期艰苦创业的历史. （9）“ 新疆占袓国版图的六分之一，我们绝不能让这里的国土是一片荒原！” 这是张仲翰将军在率部队进军新疆准备屯田时的讲话，也是十几万解放军官兵进入新疆时的蜇言。兵团官兵节衣缩食，艰苦奋斗，用节约下来的钱购买家具，在戈壁荒原上开辟出了名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 个个绿洲：使历史上被称为“ 死亡之海 ” 的塔里木盆地的边缘，变成了稻谷跃香鱼满塘的“ 塞外江南 ” 。不久前 ,一位世界银行的高级官员在参观了薪疆兵团生机勃勃的机械化农场后赞扬说：（ 10) “ 这是我所见到的最成功的农业开发，这是中国人的一个伟大创举，也是世界的一个奇迹。”摘自冯建平 /文Part Three Writing (20%) Directions: Title:THE EXAMINATION CHEATING Time limit 50 minutes Word Limit: 250 200 words Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below. Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. OUTLINE: 1. The problem of cheating in schools and colleges 2. Causes of examination cheating 3. My comments 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -