2022年人教版八年级英语上册第三单元重点知识详解上课讲义 .pdf
资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑第三单元重点知识一、短语归纳1、moreoutgoing更外向2、asas与一样3、thesingingcompetition歌咏比赛4、themostimportant最重要的5、betalentedinmusic有音乐天赋6、thesameas 和不同;与 一致7、careabout关心,在意8、takecareof=lookafter照顾,照看9、bedifferentfrom 与不同;与 有差异(反义词 bethesameas 与相同)10、belikeamirror 像一面镜子11、aslongas只要;既然12、bringout 使显现;使表现出来13、getgoodgrades取得好成绩getbettergrades 取得更好的成绩14、reachforone shand伸手帮助某人一把15、touchone sheart感动某人Keepintouch保持联系getintouch取得联系16、infact 确切的说;事实上;实际上17、makefriends交朋友18、begoodat擅长19、bethere随叫随到;不离 左右20、besimilarto 与相像的、类似的21、begoodwith善于应付 的22、bothand和.都23、callat拨打找24、tolearnsomethingnew学习新东西25、betalentedin在某方面有天赋26、breakinto强行进入,闯入breakoff中断说话breakdown出故障27、arminarm臂挽臂withopenarms张开双臂二、用法集萃1、havefundoingsth 2、bothand 和 都;既 又3、loud(形容词,喧闹的,大声的,响亮的)+lyloudly(副词,喧闹地,大声地,响亮地) 4、quiet(形容词,安静的) +lyquietly(副词,安静地)5、talent(名词,天资,天赋,天才)+edtalented(形容词,有才能的;有才干的)6、beseriousabout对认真名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑Serious(形容词,认真的;当真的;严重的;危急的)+lyseriously(副词,严肃地;严重地;认真地)7、makesbdosth让某人做某事Makesb/sth+形容词让某人 /某物Makesb+名词让某人成为 8、That swhy这便是为什么 ,这就是 That sbecause 这是因为 9、It s+形容词 +for/ofsb+todosth 对某人来说,做某事是 (此处 It 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语(todo)Itisnecessaryforpeopletohavefoodandwatereveryday. It sveryniceofyoutolendanumbrellatome. 10、It snecessary(forsb)todosth 对某人来说做某事很必要11、bringout使显现、使表现出bringoutthebest/worstinsb把某人最好 /最坏的一面表现或显露出来Pleasetellmehowtobringoutthebestinme. 12、sharesthwithsb和某人分享某物It snecessaryforkidstolearntosharetheirideaswithfriends. 13、bethere 随时提供帮助,时刻准备伸手相助,随叫随到,不离左右Heisalwaysthereforme. 14、information不可数名词,意为: “信息,消息”。apieceofinformation一条信息twopiecesofinformation两条信息三、词类辨析1、bothand/bothof/all/allof/eitheror/neither.nor/ notonlybutalso/anyother bothand “两者都” ,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数BothmyfatherandmymotherhavebeentoShanghai. bothof+复数人称代词或复数名词意为:“两者都” ,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式Maybebothofthemarebusy. all 用于三者或三者以上,表Allarehere. Allissilent. (万籁俱寂)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑示“都” 。注: 1、作主语时,笼统的表示所有人时,谓语动词用复数形式2、笼统的表示所有事物或现象时,谓语动词通常用单数形式allof (三者以上)都eitheror“或者或者”在连接主语时,谓语动词根据靠近的主语名词确定单复数(就近原则)EitheryouorIamwrong. neither.nor“既不也不”就近原则NeitherMarynorTomworksinthisschool. notonlybutalso“不但而且”NotonlyallthestudentsbutalsotheirEnglishteacherhasreadthestorybook. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑就近原则anyother+名词单数其他任何一个(三者以上任何一个)Shanghaiislargerthanany othercityinChina. 注: Abothof,allof作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;noneof作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数;eitherof,neitherof作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。Bboth,neither,either,all,none,any都可以与 of 连用,后面的人称代词要用宾格2、hard-working/hardwork/workhard hard-working 形容词, “工作努力的,辛勤的”Heisahard-workingboy. hardwork 名词短语, “辛苦的工作” ,hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词 work Whathardworkitis! workhard 短语动词, “努力工作”,hard是副词,修饰动词work Healwaysworkshard. 3、laugh/smile laugh “出声地大笑”,不但有面部表情,而且还有声音laughat“嘲笑,因而发笑”smile “无声地微笑”,指的是面部表情smileat向微笑4、belike/looklike belike 像一样侧重人的“内在气质,如: 品质、性格、品行等”Kateislikehermother.Theyarebothquiet. looklike 看起来像侧重人的“外貌,如:高、矮、胖、瘦”Katelookslikehermother.Theyarebothtallandthin. 5、theother/theothers/other/others/another theother 特指“两者中的另一个” ,onetheother“一个另一个” ,后可接数词或复数名词,特指“其他的”theothers 特指某一范围内的“其他的人或物” ,是 theother的复数形式,相当于“theother+复数名词”other 作形容词或代词,泛指 “别的,其他的”,只修饰复数others 作代词,泛指“其他的人或物” ,不能修饰名词,可与 of 连用,后跟them/us/you或特指的复数名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑another 泛指三个或三个以上同类事物中的“另一个” ,代替或修饰单数可数名词Hehastwobrothers.Oneisateacher,andtheotherisadoctor. Youtwostayhere,andtheothersgowithme. WelearnChinese,math,English,andothersubjects. Somestudentsaredoinghomework,othersaretalkingloudly. Idon tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother. Other, the other , another, others 同步练习1.There s no _ way to do it. A. other B. the other C. another D others 2. Some people like to rest in their free time. _ like to travel. A. Other B. The others C. Others D. Another 3. This cake is delicious! Can I have_ piece, please? A. other B. another C. others D. the other 4. Where are _ boys? A. the other B.the others C. others D. another 5. The supermarket is on _ side of the street. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 6. There were three books on my table. One is here. Where are _? A. others B. the others C. the other D. another 7. Some of the speakers went straight to the conference room._ speakers are still hanging around. A. The other B.The others C. Another D. Others 8. This is not the only answer to the question. There are _. A. the others B. others C. another D. the other 9. Please give me _ chance. A. other B .the other C. another D. the others 11. I dont like those shoes. Please show me _. A. another B. other C. the other D. some others 12. Mary didn t want _of the two kinds and asked the shop assistant to show her _. A. both; the other B. all; the others C. either; another D. other; the others 13. Mr. Turner bought two bikes. One was for his wife, and _was for his son. A. another B. other C. the other D. one 14. he has two sons. One is a doctor, _is a student. He is now studying at _ university. A. another; a B.the other; an C. the other; a D. another; an 15. - Would you like _ apples? - _, please. A. some more; another two B. any more; Two more C. another; two more D. some more; Other 16. There are twenty-eight students in the class. Ten of them are girls and _ are boys. A. the other B.the others C. others D. other 17. I dont like this pen. Would you please show me _ one? A. another B.the other C. other D. others 18. I have six colored pencils; one is blue, another is red, and _ are green A. others B. another C. others D. the others 19. - Have you finished your report yet? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑 - No. I ll finish it in _ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less 四、重点语法、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级;比较级表示“更” ,用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较;最高级表示“最” ,用于三者或三者以上的(人或事物)之间的比较;比较级及最高级的构成:规则变化分类构成示例一般情况在词尾加 -er,-est talltallertallest fastfasterfastest 以字母 -e结尾的词在词尾加 -r,-st nicenicernicest latelaterlatest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est thinthinnerthinnest bigbiggerbiggest 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词先变 y 为 i,再加-er,-est easy easier easiest earlyearlierearliest 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 more,most interestingmoreinterestingmostinteresting comfortablemorecomfortable mostcomfortable 不规则变化good/wellbetterbest bad/badlyworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleast farfarther(只指距离,更远的)farthest further(指距离:更远的,等同于farther;指程度:更深入的) furthest oldolder(指年龄,新旧) oldest elder(指血缘) eldest比较级的常用句型结构:甲+be+形容词比较级 +than+乙甲+实义动词 +副词比较级 +than+乙(甲比乙)注 than 后面接代词时,一般用主格,但也可用宾格,如果than 后为一个小句子,不可使用宾格。Heworksharderthanme. HeworksharderthanIdo. 甲+be+倍数 +形容词比较级 +than+乙甲+实义动词 +倍数+副词比较级 +than+乙(甲是乙的几倍)甲+be+the+形容词比较级 +ofthetwo(+)(甲是两者中较的)比较级 +and+比较级名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑moreandmore+ 原级(多音节词或部分双音节词)(越来越)the+比较级, the+比较级(越,越)疑问词 +be+形容词比较级,甲or 乙?疑问词 +实义动词 +副词比较级,甲or 乙?常见的修饰形容词比较级的前置词Amuch/alot/far+形容词比较级(得多)Babit/alittle+形容词比较级(稍微)Ceven+形容词比较级(甚至)最高级的常用句型主语 +be+the+形容词最高级 +in/of 短语(是中最的)注:of 后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词;in 后一般接表示单位或场所的名词主语 +实义动词 +(the)+副词最高级 +in/of 短语(是中最的)主语 +be+oneofthe+形容词最高级 +可数名词复数 +in/of 短语(是中最的之一)疑问词 +be+the+形容词最高级 +甲、乙 or 丙?疑问词 +助动词 +主语+动词原形 +(the)+副词最高级 +甲、乙 or丙?the+序数词 +形容词最高级 +名词(第几最 的)比较级表达最高级的含义A比较级 +thananyother+ 可数名词单数(比其他任何一个 都)强调在同一范围内作比较B比较级 +thanany+可数名词单数(比其他任何 都)强调不在同一范围内作比较比较级的用法A原级的用法常用“ as+形容词比较级 +as”的结构在否定句中,既可用“asas”结构,也可用“ soas”助记口诀:同级比较用原级, asas永不离若是否定加 not,asas否前者asas加 not,说明两者有区别soas加 not,后者总是强前者eg:TomgetsupasearlyasJim. Lucyisn tasoutgoingasMary. =Lucyisn tsooutgoingasMary. B一方高于或低于另一方的比较“ 形容词比较级 +than”C表示两者程度不同的其他结构“ 用 morethan,notmorethan,lessthan,notlessthan 等”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑同步练习1、Althoughwearetwins,I m_thanmybrother. A、outgoingB、moreoutgoing C、mostoutgoingD、themostoutgoing 2、Whichsubjectdoyoulike_,Englishormath? Ofcourse,English. A、wellB、betterC、best 3、Ifmorepeoplegiveupdrivingcars,theairwillgetmuch_inafewyears. A、cleanB、cleanerC、thecleanerD、thecleanest 4、Timeismoney. ButIthinktimeis_money. A、asimportantasB 、moreimportantas C、themostimportantinD、moreimportantthan 5、WhatdoyouthinkofTom sspeech? Noonedoes_inourclass. A、goodB、betterC、wellD、best 6、Themoreyousmile,the_youwillfeel. A、happyB、happierC、happilyD、morehappily 7、Whois_,TomorJim? A、outgoingB、moreheavyC、thinnerD、hard-working 8、Iamsorrythiscoatisnotbigenough.Iwanta_one. A、biggerB、bigC、smallerD、small 9、Whichcityis_beautiful,Hangzhou,BeijingorShanghai? Hangzhou,Ithink. A、themostB、thebetterC 、more 10、MaYun,headofAlibaba,isoneof_personsintheworld. A、richB、richerC、richestD、therichest 11、IthinkMarysang_(well)ofall. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑12、Whichmonthhas_daysinayear? February. A、fewB、littleC、theleastD、thefewest 13、Whosehomeis_awayfromschoolinourclass? LiuMei s. A、fartherB、farC、thefarthestD、near 14、Thistempleisoneof_buildingsinthetown.Wemusttakeactiontoprotectit. A、oldB、olderC、oldestD、theoldest 15、Thegirlisquieterthananyothergirlinourclass. (改为同义句)Thegirlis_ofallthegirlsinourclass. 反义疑问句1、表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实2、原则:A反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。B前否后肯,前肯后否注陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。3、基本结构:陈述句, +Be/助动词 /情态动词 +人称代词主格( therebe句型要用 there反问)注:Abe/助动词 /情态动词的选择要根据前面的陈述句的谓语动词来定。B人称代词的主格要和陈述句的主语保持一致。4、特殊的反意疑问句:A、祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou B、Let s开头的祈使句,后用shallwe(或用 shan twe). Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou (或 won tyou)C、陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用 didn t+主语或 usedn t+主语D、陈述部分有 hadbetter+动词,疑问部分用hadn tyou? E、陈述部分主语如果是指示代词或表人的不定代词:somebody,everybody,nobody 等,疑问部分主语要用 they或 he. F、陈述部分主语如果是表物的不定代词:everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it. G、陈述部分含有un-,in-,im-,dis-,等构成的派生词时,陈述部分被看作是肯定,反问要用否定。H、陈述部分主谓是Iam,反问是: aren tyou? I、陈述部分是 I/We+think/guess/suppose/believe+that 从句,要反问从句J、陈述部分的主语是不定式、从句、动名词的时候,疑问部分的主语用it. 5、答语只要和事实相符的都要用Yes,和事实不相符的都要用No。6、答题技巧三步走一判肯否;二找时态;三看是否是特殊同步练习:1、Shehardlyknewhowtosolvethismathproblem,_? 2、Let sgoandhelptheoldmantocrosstheroad,_? 3、Mr.Zhaogoesfishingeveryweekend,_? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除word 可编辑4、Beingavolunteerisgreat,_? 5、Don tbelateforschoolnexttime,_? 6、Thereusedtobeariverinfrontofmyhouse,_? 7、Youhaven tseenthatfilm,_? 8、Hecanswim,_? 9、Thisisyourbrother,_? 10、MrZhanghasbeenhereforfouryears,_? 11、Youhaven tbeentotheWestLake,haveyou? _.ButIwillgotherewithmyparentsthissummervacation. A、No,Ihaven tB、No,Ididn tC、Yes,IhaveD、Yes,Idid 12、Peoplewhoeatabalanceddietshouldbehealthierthanthosewhoonlyeatbiscuitsandhamburgers,_? A、don ttheyB、dotheyC、shouldn ttheyD、shouldthey 13、Shehasgoneabroad,_? No.SheisstillteachingusEnglishatourschoolnow. A、issheB、isn tsheC、hassheD 、hasn tshe 14、Yourbrotheroftendisagreeswithyou,_he? _.Weoftenhavedifferentopinions. A、does,YesB 、doesn t,YesC 、does,NoD、doesn t,No 15、Shecanhardlywriteherownname,_? A、cansheB 、can tsheC、needsheD 、needn tshe 16、She sneverspokentoaforeigner,_? Yes.She sactiveandcanspeakEnglishfreely. A、issheB、hassheC 、isn tsheD、hasn tshe 17、E-mailisverypopulartoday.Peopleseldomwritelettersnow,_? A、didtheyB、dotheyC、didn ttheyD、don tthey 18、Hedidn tgototheconcertyesterday,didhe? _.Hewasbusystudyingforthetestsallday. A、No,hedidn tB、Yes,hedidC 、No,hedidD、Yes,hedidn t 19、Yourfatherusedtoeatmeat,_? A、didyouB、didn tyouC、didn the 20、MariahasfewfriendsinChina,_? A、hassheB 、doesn tsheC、doesshe 21、Yourbrothernevergetsupearly,doeshe? _.Buthegetsuplateonweekends. A、Yes,hedoesB 、No,hedoesn tC、Yes,hehasD 、No,hehasn t 22、Grandpareadaninterestingstorytoyouyesterday,_? A、doesheB 、doesn theC、didheD、didn the 23、Tomdidn tgotoschoolthismorning,didhe? _.Thoughhehadabadcold. A、Yes,hedidn tB、No,hedidC、Yes,hedidD、No,hedidn t 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - -