高级英语视听说教师用书及课后答案.docx

高级英语视听说（第二版）老师用书第二版说明高级英语视听说为专业英语课程教材，供高等院校英语专业高年级本科生运用；同时也为高等院校非英语专业高年级本科生运用。近些年，高校英语及特地用处英语教学改革成果显著，非英语专业学生的英语程度进步很大，有些甚至好于英语专业的学生。老师和学生都感到特殊须要更高要求、更深程度内容的英语教材满意这局部学生的智力和情感需求。这套教材既是很好的选择。本教材还可以供讨论生英语课程运用，供有同等英语程度的自学者和工作者运用。本套教材于2008年荣获北京市精品教材奖。目前已经重印十余次，受到老师和学生的广泛欢送。第二版教材去掉五部旧片，换上五部新片，其中三部电影，一部纪录片，以跟进时代。它们分别是黑天鹅、扶植、朗读者和精神病人。这些片子已在北外的课堂运用过，深受学生们宠爱。单元支配根据学生的爱好、影片的新旧、影片的难易重新做了调整，如今的支配给人一种全新的感受。老师也可以根据自己的考虑、学生的程度重新支配一学期的课程依次。第二版教材建议每周学习一部片子，所用学时两小时。网络的开展以及各学校音视频的建立使学生随时可以看到新片，这样使一周完成学生课前的打算及课上的讨论成为了可能。我们诚心盼望第二版可以受到更多老师和学生的宠爱。在内容带给我们更多挑战的同时，也盼望带给我们更多思索的欢乐。主编：王镇平2013年4月23日编写理念21世纪是一个以经济全球化和信息化为显著特征的时代，我们的人才培育目的要适应这个时代，我们的教材则要适应这个新的培育目的。英语专业培育的人才应当是具有扎实的英语语言根底和广博的英语文化学问，并能在不同的工作和讨论领域娴熟运用英语的复合型人才，要同时兼具组织实力、理论实力和创新实力。这套教材就是在这样的需求中应运而生的。根据2000年高等院校英语专业英语教学大纲（以下简称大纲）的要求，21世纪外语专业教材应具有以下几个特征：教材内容和语言可以反映快速改变的时代；教材能处理好专业学问、语言训练和相关学科学问之间的关系；教材不仅仅着眼于学问的传授，还有助于学生的鉴赏批判实力、思维实力和创新实力的培育；教学内容有较强的好用性和针对性；留意充分利用计算机、多媒体、网络等现代化的技术手段。本教材的编写理念符合大纲的要求，具有以下七大特征：一、内容强调兴趣性近些年来，人们越来越相识到爱好是学习者内在动力的源泉。所以，我们在选择教材内容时，尽量贴近高校生的生活，尽可能地满意高校生的智力因素和成长需求；能最大限度地做到这一点，就能最大限度地激发学生学习的主动性和主动性。语言学家Michael P. Breen和Christopher N. Candlin强调：教材应考虑学生的情感、看法和经验，适当的内容可激发学生的学习情趣，最终促进第二语言的学习。我们选择的影片包括黑天鹅、朗读者、克莱默夫妇、毕业生、扶植、死亡诗社、闻香识女人、美国丽人等，它们大都与时代同步，反映时代脉搏，与高校生的生活贴近。还有根据名著、名剧改编的时时刻刻、芝加哥等探究人生的电影，引人思索。电视节目中央公园、高端访谈和精神病人涉及人与自然的关系、结合国改革以及医疗体制的弊病及改革，这些内容有助于开阔学生的视野，会使他们产生发自内心的学习热忱和学习动力。二、选材强调学问性当今的高校生不同以往，现代社会对他们的要求也比以往高得多，而且是多元的。只懂外语而缺乏对其他领域学问的驾驭已经落后于时代的要求。2000年大纲提到21世纪英语专业人才应具备的五个特征之一就是宽广的学问面。这些学问指的是英语专业学问（即文学、语言、国情文化）和相关专业学问（如外交、金融、法律、科技等学科的学问）。但目前，很多课程的教学内容中普遍缺少其他相关学科的学问。为了扩展学生的学问面，我们增加了电视节目，电视节目比电影学问性强，信息量大，涉及面广，学生可以在短时间内获得大量信息，学习各领域的学问。我们这里选择了三个节目，通过学习这些内容，学生可以理解和驾驭环境、医疗体制、结合国（国际组织）等方面的学问及词汇。这在肯定程度上弥补了视听说课程相关学科学问缺乏的缺陷。三、题材和体裁留意多元化我们认为，不断变换题材才是爱护和保证学生爱好的手段。我们选择的题材涉及范围广泛，包括家庭、教化、代沟、同性恋、艾滋病、种族、环境、结合国、医疗体制、盼望、名利场和腐败、中年危机等。我们的体裁也较多元化，除了电影这一种艺术形式外，我们还选择了电视节目，其中有闻名纪录片精神病人和电视节目高端访谈等。精神病人由美国闻名导演迈克尔·摩尔（Michael Moore）执导制作，它鞭挞美国医疗体制的弊端并期冀改革。麦克尔诙谐、犀利、大胆，以纪录片的形式揭露美国现行社会锋利问题而闻名。从中学生可以理解美国医疗体制的现状并反思中国医疗体制。中国中央电视台闻名主持人水均益，他的英语发音精确，字句运用恰当，表现得镇静、自信、敏锐。他主持的节目高端访谈收视率很高，受到广阔观众的宠爱和关注。电视节目的特点是内容生动，形式新奇，紧跟时代节奏，供应最新信息，可以激发学生的剧烈新奇心和求知欲。四、以学生为中心现代语言教学的走向是以学生为中心，老师为主导，老师引导学生主动地、主动地、独立地去完成学习的全过程。教材应当具有启发性、引导性，而不是传统的学问存储所。认知理论认为，英语学习的过程是新旧语言学问不断结合的过程，也是语言实力从理论学问转化为自动应用的过程，而这种结合与转化都必需通过学生的自身活动才能得以实现。以学生为中心符合语言学习的规律。因此，老师与学生的角色发生了很大的改变，老师由原来学问的输出者变成学生的引导者和协调者；学生由听讲者变成自觉的学习者和讨论者。以学生为中心是一种新的教学形式，而教材又必需表达教学思想和教学形式。首先，这种教学形式要表达在整套教材的内容选择和编排上。内容的选择和编排要顺应学习者的学习过程，即内容要由浅入深，由熟识到不熟识，而且又有内在的连接性。其次，这种教学形式还要表达在教材每一单元课前、课堂和课下的语言活动设计中。课前学生是自觉的学习者。他们要按教学支配观看影片或电视节目，然后分小组活动，组内成员进展分工合作，根据每人安排的不同任务分别到图书馆或网上查找相关的资料。最终，小组成员再一起讨论。老师的任务则是赐予引导，比方，如何观看影片，如何进展思索，如何提出问题，如何查询资料等。课上学生是主要的参加者，学生须要轮番口述对影片或电视节目某一方面的评论。每一位学生讲解并描述之后，其他同学向这位讲解并描述者提出相关问题，讲解并描述者要为此做好充分打算。老师在课堂上是协调者，保证每一位学生都有讲话的时机，都有运用语言的时机。课后，学生将口述评论写成文，老师进展修改并提出建议。老师最终根据学生课前、课堂表现和文章的程度赐予一个综合分数作为本周成果。以学生为中心的教学形式就是把大局部时间给学生，让学生有更多的时机在课上和课下进展语言运用，以到达外语教学的最终目的。五、语言活动的设计具有启发性英语专业教材不仅仅要着眼于学问的传授，还要有助于学生的鉴赏实力、批判实力、思维实力和创新实力的培育。因此，教材只供应语言事实是不够的，这些是死的东西，无法培育学生的思维和创新实力。那么，语言活动的设计就非常关键。我们设计的语言活动（课前、课堂、和课后的练习）都试图培育学生的批判实力和思维实力。语言活动应是一个过程，在这个过程中学生既是导演又是演员，他们须要对该活动进展分析、设计、编排、组织，直到最终施行。这样一个过程可以激发学生的学习热忱和主动精神，也可以开启他们的聪慧才智，培育他们的思索实力和创新实力。六、留意培育学生的科研实力大纲明确提出课堂教学要留意培育学生的学习实力和科研实力，同时也明确要求现代英语教学应留意培育学生利用图书馆、网络获得学问的实力，以适应新世纪的需求。要想真正成为独立的讨论者，学生须要学习如何运用图书馆，如何利用网络来获得学问。为培育学生独立讨论的实力，视听说课程增加了科研内容，要求学生在观看影片或电视节目之后走进图书馆，访问网站，找寻自己所需的资料，为小组讨论和课堂演讲找寻根据。这种科研体验为学生将来的独立学习和独立工作打下了良好的根底。七、创建理论时机，实现视、听、说三位一体大纲要求培育组织实力、理论实力、创新实力。外语教学的目的就是将课堂中学到的语言技能运用到理论中。教材是为教学效劳的，它是通向教学目的的桥梁。那么，教材就应当有理论的内容。理论内容不同于某一课后的语言活动，它是一个完好的、大型的工程，它须要学生们走出校门，在社会理论中运用驾驭的英语语言，运用电视节目主持人的采访技巧，就某一主题采访以英语为母语的外国人。在这样的理论活动中，检验自己的语言实力、学问面和采访实力，同时也熬炼自己的交际实力、组织实力和创新实力，实现语言训练的视、听、说三位一体。有位学生感慨地说：“这样的理论活动是我从未体验过的，我第一次将所学的学问运用到理论中，它不仅检验了我的语言程度，同时也培育了我的合作精神、组织实力和交往实力。”主编：王镇平2013年5月运用说明本书是高级英语视听说（第二版）的老师用书，为运用该教材的高校老师供应参考。我们盼望老师用书带给您的是思路的开拓而不是思维的局限，因为您和您的学生在讨论问题的过程中必定会有更广泛、更深入的理解。教学目的及教学要求已经在学生用书中具体讲解并描述，就不再赘言。这里只对本书的内容作出说明：本书的综合导视思索题答案是根据我们的理解得出的，您和学生的理解或许与本书答案不同，那是完全有可能的，对此不必有任何担忧和顾虑，也不必强求一个答案。我们的重点原来就不在于选择了哪个答案，而在于启发学生的思想，开拓学生的思路，挖掘学生的思想深度。在讨论性语言活动（Research Activities）局部也是如此。关于影片或问题的每一个方面，我们只供应了一局部内容而不是全部。每一个方面都有几个侧面，学生从哪个侧面绽开都可以。激励学生讲解并描述时留意一个侧面进展深化讨论和挖掘，不要全面讲解并描述，全面讲解并描述的结果是对每个问题的讨论都只停留在外表，不能进步学生深化思索分析的实力。测试是评价教学效果和学生表现的重要手段，下面我们将具体介绍本课程在北京外国语高校开课时采纳的测试方法，供任课老师参考。总评成果安排比例：为了不把期末考试作为衡量学生程度的唯一标准，我们将总评成果分为70%（平常对电影、电视节目的分析和讨论）、10%（工程）和20%（期末考试）三局部。从比例上看，我们的重点放在平常成果，这是为了让学生重视日常的学习和练习，淡化期末考试的重量，同时也避开出现某些学生因一次考试失误，而无法表达在整个学期中所付出的努力的状况。考试内容及方法：考试内容是针对一个电视节目的主题做演讲。老师先供应一些电视节目，学生从中选择自己感爱好的节目来打算。电视节目的长短在20至40分钟左右，节目须要有一个可供讨论的主题。考试要求学生根据节目的主题做一个三分钟左右的演讲。演讲的前半局部须要简洁介绍节目的内容，检查学生的叙述实力；后半局部阐述对问题的看法，这局部是考察重点，检查学生分析问题的实力；演讲之后学生须打算答复老师提出的2到3个相关问题，这是为了检查学生即席阐述观点的实力和语言表达实力。通常老师在考试前两周告知学生可从中选择的电视节目范围以及考试要求，并把这些节目输入小型局域网，学生可以在开放时间内随时观看。我们建议打算10个左右的电视节目，要求每个学生选择其中两个最感爱好的节目进展打算。考试时只须要考核一个节目，考核哪一个由老师来确定。我们诚心盼望高级英语视听说（第二版）老师用书给您带来扶植。盼望您在教授时感到得心应手。同时盼望听到您和您的学生真诚的建议和意见。主编：王镇平2013年5月ContentsAcknowledgementsUnit 1 Black SwanUnit 2 The GraduateUnit 3 Kramer vs. KramerUnit 4 SickoUnit 5 Dead Poets SocietyUnit 6 The HelpUnit 7 The ReaderUnit 8 American BeautyProject Information Interview Unit 9 PhiladelphiaUnit 10 The Shawshank RedemptionUnit 11 Top Talk (An Interview with Kofi Annan)Unit 12 Scent of a WomanUnit 13 The HoursUnit 14 Central ParkUnit 15 One Flew over the Cuckoos NestUnit 16 ChicagoUnit 1 Black Swan (2010)II. Questions for ThoughtsThe following answers are given only for reference, and the students are encouraged to present their own understandings of or opinions on these questions.1. Who is Nina What has Nina been dreaming about What is it on Ninas back that attracts her mothers attentionNina is a dedicated ballerina with a prestigious New York City ballet company. The night before the audition for Swan Lake, Nina has a dream in which Rothbart casts the spell and turns her, Princess Odette, into the White Swan. Later that morning, when she's standing in front of the mirror, her mother notices the "scratches" on Nina's back. Though Nina dismisses it as nothing but "rash", her mom looks worried because later as she says, she knows Nina has the habit of scratching herself when under pressure.2. Who is Thomas Why does the ballet company want to start a new season of Swan Lake What is the story of Swan Lake What sort of a soloist dancer is Thomas looking forThomas is the company's art director of Swan Lake. Since the former soloist dancer of Swan Lake has been dancing for too long a time to keep the grip of the audience, the company plans to force her into retirement and present to the audience a new face to lead a new season of Swan Lake. In the story of Swan Lake, an innocent princess, Odette, is trapped by Rothbart into the shape of a White Swan, and only true love from the prince can break the spell and set her free. However, when the prince is about to declare his love for Odette, her lustful twin, the Black Swan Odile, tricks and seduces the prince, and Odette, the White Swan, in her desperation jumps off the cliff and in death finds her freedom. Thomas, the director, wants to find a new Swan Queen to play the dual roles of the White and the Black Swans.3. Who is Beth What does Nina do after seeing Beth leaving her dressing room Why does she do soBeth is the former Swan Queen who is forced out of stage by the company. Nina admires Beth's role as Swan Queen so much that after seeing Beth leaving the dressing room, she steps in and takes Beth's lipstick. What she does is out of her strong desire to be a Swan Queen as perfect as Beth once was.4. What does the morning audition mean to Nina How does she feel about the failure in her Odiles coda How does Thomas comment on her dancingNina's dedication and perfect technique make her one of the best dancers in the company. For all the years, she's been driven by the dream to be a perfect ballet dancer, and the audition is a once-in-a-life-time chance to elevate her from an ordinary ballerina to a featured dancer. Nina's failure in the Odiles coda leaves her completely devastated. As Thomas later explains, Nina's perfect dancing technique and her fearful and fragile style make her an ideal choice for the White Swan; however, due to her obsession with perfection, her strong sense of discipline and self-control, there's no chance for her to portray the destructive and seductive Black Swan.5. What does Nina see on her way home that disturbs her so much What does it indicateAfter the audition, Nina is walking home, devastated. Then all of a sudden, she sees an attractive girl in black coming to her direction and when the girl slips by, Nina takes a glimpse and sees a face exactly like her own but with a strange wild smile, which gives her quite a start. What Nina imagines to see gives us a hint that the pressure has become so unbearable for Nina that her mind, while unable to seek a normal way out, starts to produce hallucinations.6. How does Nina come to Thomas the next morning and ask for the part of Swan Queen Why does Thomas force a kiss on Nina How does Nina respond to itLoosing her hair down, wearing pretty white dress and thick lipstick, Nina comes to Thomas office. Nina pleads to Thomas for a chance to play the Swan Queen and assures Thomas that she can finish the coda, the hardest technical part for the Black Swan. Yet, Thomas emphases that Nina lacks the spirit of letting go for the role of Black Swan. Disappointed, Nina turns to the door. Right at that moment, Thomas forces a kiss on her. The director is making a last attempt to test her potential. Nina is shocked by the sudden attack and bites Thomas, who is equally shocked by such a strong instinct.7. Why does Thomas choose Nina for the role of Swan Queen How does Thomas view Ninas response to his kissIt is Nina's strong reaction to his forced kiss that changes the director's mind. Thomas sees in that bite a different Nina, wild, aggressive, and full of self-assurance, all of which are the demands of dancing the Black Swan.8. How does Ninas mother celebrate her daughters winning of the new role How does her mother respond when Nina feels reluctant to eat the big piece of cake Why does Nina change to say that she loves the cake againTo celebrate her winning of the audition, Nina's mom prepares a cake of vanilla flavor with strawberry filling, which she claims to be Nina's favorite. However, Nina shows obvious reluctance to try the big piece of cake, and her mom feels annoyed by the daughters ungratefulness. She claims coldly that she should throw the whole cake into garbage if Nina doesn't appreciate her way of celebration. Nina, for fear of making her mom unhappy, immediately puts on a smile and assures her mom that she loves the cake as she always does.9. Who is Lily How is she different from Nina in terms of her personality and appearance What does Thomas say about her dancingLily is a dancer from San Francisco who's recruited by the company to play a part in Swan Lake. Her sexy make-up, seductive tattoo, care-free style and vigorous personality present a sharp contrast to the fearful, fragile, self-controlled Nina who cautiously observes all the rules of perfection. Lily follows nothing but her own passion and desire. Therefore, as Thomas says, Lily may not be able to dance like Nina with perfect techniques, but her moves are effortless, impulsive, and therefore attractive.10. What happens to Ninas nail while Thomas is announcing Nina as a new star to the guests of the company What does Nina find when she is trying to clean the nail in the bathroom WhyWhen Nina is presented by Thomas to the company's distinguished guests as the new Swan Queen, she sees her nail bleeding. Later she goes to the bathroom trying to clean it up and peel off the bleeding skin, but to her surprise, a second later she finds her finger in perfect condition. In fact, all the blood and the pain are out of her hallucination. As Nina is more strained by the role of Swan Queen, her hallucination is escalated to such a level that it starts to arouse her sense of physical pain. The bleeding may also indicate Nina's painful transformation from a disciplined and fragile self into a dark and destructive other.11. Why does Nina feel uneasy when meeting Lily How does she feel when seeing Beth in the lobbyWith her own passion and desire being suppressed for too long a time, Nina only feels uneasy and cornered by the presence of the care-free Lily. Moreover, Thomas admires Lily's dancing and thus Nina takes Lily as her rival and thus feels more threatened by Lily. Nina shows sympathy to Beth when confronting her in the lobby. Beth viciously accuses her of seducing the director. Nina is embarrassed by the groundless accusation but she's not tough enough to defend herself.12. Why does Thomas leave Nina the assignment of touching herself at home How does that relate to her role of Swan QueenThe ultimate concern for Thomas is to bend Nina and mold her into the Black Swan so that she can be a Swan Queen even more successful than Beth. To push Nina to embody the dark impulse and sexuality of the Black Swan, he asks Nina to touch herself because he believes this can help Nina arouse the lustful other self, and thus achieve the transcendence from a White Swan to a Black Swan. As an ambitious art director, all Thomas cares is the success of the show and he uses sexual seduction as a way to manipulate the mind and emotion of his dancer so that she can be made into a perfect Swan Queen.13. What brings her to an abrupt stop at touching herself in the morning What is Nina afraid ofEarly next morning, when Nina is touching herself as suggested by Thomas, she suddenly sees her mom sleeping on the couch right beside her bed and that brings an abrupt stop at her attempt. For all the years, Nina's mom is always by her side, trying to bring her up as a perfect little girl always depending on mom's care and instruction. Nina has been reduced to an infant who cannot freely grow up into her full self and as mom's sweet little girl, Nina is so afraid of her mom's watchful eyes and so scared by the idea of breaking the rule of perfection that she has been held for years.14. What happens to Beth What is Thomass attitude toward her How does the incident affect NinaFeeling abandoned, Beth walks to the street, gets hit by a car, and her legs are seriously injured. Thomas feels sure that Beth does it on purpose because she always acts out of a destructive impulse. Nina is quite shocked and feels guilty for taking the role from Beth. Though Thomas assures Nina it has nothing to do with her and she should not get distracted by the tragic incident, the guilt of destroying Beth and the fear of being later destroyed by someone else still adds up the pressure on Nina.15. In their late hour practice, how does Th