自考高级英语考试.docx

l 串讲方式列出文章中的主要词汇、短语及翻译,并给以讲解。(红色为历年考题；蓝色为重点；下划线为词语辨析，部分未划也会在讲解中提到。l 考试题型1. Paragraphs taken from the textbooks.2. Fill in the blank3. Distinguish words.4. Reading comprehension 1)Multiple choices 2)Put English into Chinese 3)Essay question5. Put Chinese into English内容串讲Lesson oneBook One Lesson One: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell US About Ourselves and Our society1. grabs a half-gallon jug of water抓住半加仑罐的水2. sprinkling its contents over喷洒sprinkle sth. with liquid (water)sprinkle liquid (water) on/over3. sweltering listeners 4. surge to follow him5. crunching up to6. gasped a girl dressed in black7. This is pilgrimage朝圣之旅I ought to be crawling on my knees.8. this adulation and hero worship (区分adulate, admire)9.religious reverence for10. reject Alice cooper as sick11.he acts out your wildest fantasies表达出你最狂热的幻想12 These arent idle闲置的 questions 13 as a sort of debating forumdebate, argument)14a sociological expression rather than a musical force15embody the frustrated teenage spirit表达了懊丧的少年精神16 editorialize against him17 touch a nerve of disaffection不满18 He spoke of civil rights谈到公民权利, nuclear fallout, and loneliness孤独孤独. He spoke of change and of the bewilderment困惑迷乱 of an older generation.19 arrogant 自大的高傲的street-fighting打架斗殴 men (arrogant, proud)20 The Beatles甲壳虫对 showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate.21mix the more traditional ideasinto the more radical激进的 “city ideasmix, blend)22mirror feelings23conceive of (conceive, imagine)想象设想1. 他描绘说：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水 往前几排狂热的听众身上洒。 “Jagger, he said, “grabs a half gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners.2. 是他们自己将创建及夸张、理性及举动、言辞及声音、音乐及政治结合了起来。 It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration, reason and motion, word and sound, music and politics.3. 以后又出现了 “乐队乐队,他们把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表现的较为传统 的观念注入强硬派摇滚乐较为激进的 “都市观念。 Then came The Band mixing the more traditional ideas of country and western music into the more radical “city ideas of the hard rock.4. 有些社会学家认为你对这些问题的答复可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么。Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking.Lesson two: Four Choices for Young People1 Our generations views the adult world with great skepticism.2 reject completely that world. (reject, refuse)3 speak for a lot of his contemporaries 他和他的同龄人讲很多4 The world is in pretty much of a mess5 we can do without6 These conclusions strike me as reasonable.7 This way of life is parasitic.寄生虫8batten on the society靠社会而兴盛9the least intolerable choice available10This strategy also has ancient antecedents11in hopes of finding a simpler, more pastorallife.更富田园风情12on a larger scale13unsullied清白的 landscapes14 To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure15 did not come off胜利16plotting their holocausts right into their senescence筹划大屠杀,直至他们的苍老17in bitter disillusionment更为猛烈的悲观18at best their victory never dawns on the shining new worldcleansed of all human meanness.19under whatever political label20 At first glance, this course is far from inviting. It lacks glamour.21depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments (exasperate, exhilarate )22a better chance for remedying some of the worlds outrages23 I protested against this just as vehemently as24as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead25the unprecedented problems of an affluent society26keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar guises. (inhabit, live )27 it dawned on us that28 the landscape will get more cluttered (jumble, clutter)29struggle for ever-dwindling shares of food30 has a formidable job on its hands31an insuperable one32piecemeal, pragmatically, by the dogged efforts of many people这一策略在这样一些人中总是很流行：他们无法容忍民主决策过程的单调沉闷的运作方式，或者信任只有武力才能变更根本制度。This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.他们活在幻想破灭中，看到取代他们所推翻的旧机构的新机构照旧是那么冷酷，死气沉沉。They lived, in bitter disillusionment, to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as hard-faced and stuffy.奉行此道的人蔑视这个社会并拒不承担任何社会责任，却以这样或那样的方法依靠社会过寄生生活。In one way or another, its practitioners batten on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility.这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地理论。The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. 我要说的只是无论成败及否，干革命的志向主义者们注定要悲观。My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case.它惟一的特长是有时这个方法会起作用。About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works.Lesson three: The use of force1 a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic (apology, excuse)2 sitting on her fathers lap3 I motioned for him not to bother4started to look things over5eyeing me up and down distrustfully (distrust, apprehension)6it was up to me to tell them7her face was flushed8 She had magnificent blond hair, in profusion.9took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. had a sore throat10a number of cases of diphtheria11no one had as yet spoken of the thing.12I coaxed (coax, persuade)13 Such a nice man, put in the mother.14 ground my teeth in disgust15I might be able to get somewhere.16I approached the child again.17. both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes18 . I broke in.19. Im here to look at her on the chance that/of20the mother admonished her severely.21the parents were contemptible to me. (contemptible, contemptuous)22in the ensuing strugglebred of terror of me.23in an agony of apprehension24let out a scream25she shrieked terrifyingly, hysterically. (terrified, terrifying)26she fought, with clenched teeth, desperately!27I tried to hold myself down28she reduced it to splinters29 Arent you ashamed to act like that in front of the doctor (ashamed, shameful)30 We are going through with this.31 I should have desisted and (desist, resist)32 I could have torn the child apart.33 I overpowered the childs neck and jaws. 34 She had been on the defensive35tried to get off her fathers lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eyes.1. 这个孩子脸上没有任何表情，用冷漠的目光死死地盯着我，象要把我吃掉似的。The child was fairly eating me up and down with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression on her face whatever.2. 这个女孩由于对我的恐惊,她对我的抗拒到达了惊人的程度。She surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.3. 在这个时候,谁都会嘱咐自己,无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢的举动,也要违反她的意愿来爱护她。The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy, one says to ones self at such times.3. 那种想释放体能的渴望产生出一种非理智的、无法限制的生气及成人受辱的感觉。A blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives.Lesson Four: Die as you choose1 The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.(dodge 躲闪, avoid)2euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishmentand almost never comes to light.3can police it effectively.4will rumble on into the autumn5the dying are too far gone to consent (consent, assent)6prolong the throes of death with all the might of medical technology (prolong, protract)7 How long can the discussionhold out8withholding some treatment (withhold, prevent)9administer enough painkillers10formulated an oath for doctors (oath, promise)11 rule out active killing 解除过多的杀戮12some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. Yet if a patients philosophical views embrace euthanasia, it is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death. (intrude, invade)13to comply with a dying mans request14 pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for killing. 15the same tenacious respect16 West Germany, by contrast, will not be able to17because of the shadow of the past 18with an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition19they usher in something worse.须要对安乐死制定相关的法律标准，这个问题不能长期回避了。 The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.正如未履行某种职责可以受到处分一样，实行了某种行动也可以不受责难。Just as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there be blameless acts.很多面对病人临终前苦痛的医生认为，只有神经质的人才坚决地强调被动安乐死和主动安乐死的区分他们这样来为主动安乐死辩论：医生的职责之一是解除病人的苦痛，有时侯这是医生唯一能做的事情，而安乐死是唯一的方法。Many doctors working on the battlefield of terminal suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm difference between passive and active euthanasia on request. Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctors duties is to prevent suffering; sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.前事不忘，后事之师。 Let the past be a guide.有人认为人死亡时间是由上帝规定的，任何人都不应当缩短别人的自然寿命。Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another.Lesson Five: Id rather be black than female1made me some kind of phenomenon.2no one would question me. (question, ask)3there is prejudice against black people4strikeas bizarre.5were invisible to most white Americans6 Americans were incredulous. (incredulous, incredible)7asked in injured tones. (tone, tune)8eliminate the racist attitudes (eliminate, illuminate)9more brainwashed and content with their roles(content, contented)10the details that make the difference between victory and defeat11men reaped the rewards, which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.12tried to break out of that roleand run for the seat13I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.14tried to project a black masculine image15there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote.16 A history of prejudice lies behind that question.17they are thought of as different and inferior.18 The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice.19 Women have not reached the level of tokenism blacks are reaching.20 No women sit on the Supreme Court.21predominate in the low-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs.22 Why invest time and effort to build the girl up23shell only drop out of the game24the laws againstare enforced, instead of evaded25 What we need is more women in politics, because we have a very special contribution to make.26 It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, persistence to government (empathy, sympathy)27because of our suppression by men.28mold its morals1 妇女甚至还没到达黑人正在到达的象征性的同等程度。Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching.2 即使当她们得到较好的职位时,她们的工资程度也恒久低于干同样工作的男性。When they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.3 是妇女可以把怜悯、宽容、远见、忍受及毅力带到政府中去,这是我们天生的品质,或者说是因为男人的压制而不得不培育的品质。It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to government-the qualities we naturally have or have had to develop because of our suppression by men.4 一个国家的妇女通过他们日常生活中的所作所为,塑造这个国家的道德、宗教和政治标准。The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. Lesson six: A good chance1he was on parole2you are in for a disappointment.3he became more ugly and embittered4 Abruptly she said (abruptly, quickly)5to get him to fill out some papers.6she broke in.7 He has a right to know about this8 Her heels clicked on the sidewalk9she became agitated as she talked10commit murder11know of his whereabouts.12 We parked the car, Elgie came over and settled himself in the back seat of the car. A police car moved slowly to the corner where we were parked and the patrolmen looked at the three of us intently and we pretended not to notice. The patrol car inched down the empty street and I turned cautiously toward Elgie.13 Always tentative about letting you now what he was thinking14let him get away so noncommittally.15she scoffed.16we ended up on the campus.17some relief from this constant surveillance, constant checking up.18 Hes for complete separation, segregation, total isolation from the whites.19a kind of satisfying isolation in that.20 Salina was talking, telling me about Magpies return to Crow Creek after months in exile and how his relatives went to his sisters house21the silence which hung about the place filled me with apprehension22 Nobody spoke but Elgie came over, his bloodshot eyes filled with sorrow and misery.23gestured us to go into the living room.24 They picked him up for breaking the conditions of his parole25 I asked, incredulously.我的双手紧紧地攥者诗稿，两个拇指在平滑的纸夹上一个接一个狠狠地摁下去。I held the poems tightly in my hands, pressing my thumbs, first one and then the other, against the smoothness of the cardboard folder.Lesson Seven: Miss Brill1the blue sky powered with gold2the great spots of light like white wine splashed over3she had decided on her fur.4 The air was motionless5a little dab of black sealing-wax6stroked it7 She felt a tingling in her hands and arms8to move in her bosom.9 He scraped with his foot and flapped his arms10blew out their cheeks and glared at the music.11his hands clasped over a huge cared walking-stick12 Miss Brill always looked forward to the conversation.13become really quite expert at listening14sitting in other peoples lives15 She glanced, sideways, at the old couple. 她斜眼看了一眼那对年老的夫妇16sliding down my nose17 Little children ran among them, swooping and laughing; little boys with big white silk bows under their chins; little girls, little French dolls, dressed up in velvet and lace. And sometimes a tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the open from under the trees, stopped, stared, as suddenly sat down “flop, until its small high-stepping mother, like a young hen, rushed scolding to its rescue.18breathe a great deep puff into her face19flicked the match away20and pattered away.21got up and marched away22hobbled along in time to the music and was nearly knocked over by four girls walking abreast.23a little dog trotted on solemnly and then slowly trotted off24she made such a point of starting from home25the frail headthe hollowed eyesand the high pinched nose.26two points of light quivered in the old eyes.27smooth the newspaper28all the whole company, would begin singing.29the mens voices, very resolute an