人教版七年级下语法知识点及习题题集1.docx

人教版 七年级下各单元语法点驾驭Units 1-2的语法内容。1. 情态动词can的用法【考题链接】1. _ he swimYes, he can.A. Does B. Do C. Can D. Is2. 用can或cant 填空1. I can play soccer, but I _ play basketball.2. Can you play chessYes, I _.3. Im sorry I _ speak English.4. _ you bring some strawberries to me5. _ your father swimNo, he _.2. 冠词(1) 不定冠词：有a，an两种形式，一般用在单数可数名词之前，主要用来表示某一类人或事物中不愿定的“某一个或任何一个”的意思。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如：a bag，a university。an用在以元音音素开头的名词前，如：an orange，an hour。(2) 定冠词：定冠词只有the一种形式，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，可用在可数名词前，也可用在不行数名词前。the在辅音音素开头的单词前，读作；而在元音音素开头的单词前，读作。 【考题链接】1. _ boy under the tree is _ good student.A. The; a B. A; the C. A; a D. The; the2. He has _ cat. _ cat is very cute.A. a; A B. the; The C. a; The D. the; A3. I hope we can fly to _ moon one day. A. a B. an C. the D. /4. _ Wangs moved to a new house last week.A. A B. The C. / D. An5. _ young should take care of _ old.A. A; an B. The; an C. The; the D. A; the6. Whats in your bag_ English book is in it. A. A B. An C. The D. /7. Which one is your daughter, Mr. WhiteOh, that little girl in _ orange jacket.A. a B. an C. / D. some8. _ elephant is _ useful animal.A. A; an B. An; a C. An; an D. A; a9. I have _ egg and _hamburger for breakfast.A. an; the B. the; a C. the; the D. an; a10. He wants to have _ second try.A. a B. an C. the D. /11. _ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.A. A B. An C. The D. /12. Its reported that a terrible rainstorm hit _ south of our country.A. a B. the C. / D. an13. Of _ two, she is _ cleverer.A. a; the B. the; the C. / ; the D. the; /14. _ older he is, _ happier he feels.A. The; a B. An; the C. An; a D. The; the15. He was born in _ summer of 1970.3. 不用冠词的状况1. What is in your _ other hand A. a B. an C. the D. /2. When do you have P.E. On _ Tuesday and Friday.A. the B. a C. an D. 3. He cant play _ football, but he can play _ piano.A. the; theB. a; aC. /; theD. the; /4. I like _ science best of all the subjects.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. Do you go to school by _ bikeA. the B. / C. a D. an6. He is ill in _ hospital. His father is in _ hospital to look after him.A. a; a B. an; an C. the; / D. /; the4. 时间的表达法(1) 整点的表达法: 当时间是整点时，可以用钟点数或在钟点数后加oclock来表达。8:00 表示为：eight/ eight oclock(2) 不整点的表达法： 钟点数+分钟数表达法 8:25 表示为：eight twenty-five 分钟数+ to/ past+ 钟点数表达法A. 30分钟(包括30分钟)以内，用“分钟数+past +钟点数”表达。7:15表示为：fifteen past seven5: 28表示为：twenty-eight past fiveB. 30分钟以上，用“（60分钟数）+ to +下一个钟点数”表达。7:55表达为：five to eight【考题链接】写出下列时间的表达1. 7:30 _ 或_2. 11:45 _ 或_3. 9:10 _ 或_驾驭Units 3-4的语法内容一、how引导的特别疑问句【用法1】how引导的特别疑问句，可用来询问做某事的方式或方法，也可用来询问某人或某物的状况。 how old 多大，提问年龄。 how many 多少，提问可数名词的量。 how much 多少，提问不行数名词的量。 多少钱；提问价格。 how long 多长时间，提问一段时间。 多长，提问物体的长度。 how far 多远，提问间隔 。【考题链接】1. _ is it to the train station About six kilometers.A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often2. _ do you live hereFor about five months.A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far3. _ are the socksTheyre 10 yuan.A. How old B. How much C. How soon D. How many对画线局部提问 2. It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school._ _ _ it _ you to walk to school 3. Its three miles from my home to school._ _ is it from your home to school4. I go to school by car._ _ you go to school5. I sleep nine hours every night._ _ _ do you sleep every night6. His son is 11 years old._ _ is his son7. The boy will finish his homework in 2 hours. _ _ will the boy finish his homework8. I want two glasses of milk._ _ milk do you want9. I think the book is interesting. _ do you _ the book10. My skirt is 20 dollars. _ _ is your skirt二、祈使句的用法1. 定义用来表示恳求、吩咐、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感慨号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。放在句首时，其后不加逗号；放在句末时，其前通常加逗号。2. 构成祈使句分为确定祈使句和否认祈使句。(1) 确定祈使句的构成： Do型，即以行为动词原形开头。 Be型，即以动词be开头。Be quiet please! 请宁静！ Let型，即以let开头。Lets play basketball. 让咱们去打篮球吧(2) 否认祈使句的构成： Do型和Be型的否认式，在动词前加dont或never。Dont come in. 不要进来。Never be angry. 绝不生气。 Let型的有两种否认形式：在let前加dont 或在let sb. 后加not。Dont let them cry. = Let them not cry. 不要让他们哭。Let me not go there. = Dont let me go there. 不要让我去那儿。No +v.-ing形式/名词，用于警示人们不要做某事。3. 答语祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以答复祈使句时，一般用will或wont。【留意】在答复具有否认意义的祈使句时，要留意形式一样和意义相反。即：yes及will；no及wont要一样；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。【例句】Dont go out. Its raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢4. 留意祈使句和陈述句的连用祈使句及陈述句连用，有两种形式：(1)祈使句+ and/ then + 陈述句，二者之间表示一种顺承关系。【例句】Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就会获得好成果。(2)祈使句+ or +陈述句，二者之间表示一种否认条件【考题链接】1. Please _ the blackboard.A. look B. look at C. to look D. to look at2. Let Lily _ piano.A. play B. to play C. to play the D. play the1. _ late for school.A. Not be B. Not is C. Dont be D. Dont is2. _ smoking!A. Not B. Dont C. No D. DoesntPeter, dont step on the grass. _. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont do it againHurry up, _ you will miss the early bus.A. or B. and C. so D. but句型转换1. You must come here early tomorrow. (改为祈使句)_ here early tomorrow!2. Look at the picture! (改为否认句)_ _ at the picture!3. Let her help you. (改为否认句)_ _her help you.4. You cant be late next time. (改为祈使句)_ _ late next time.5. You can drink and eat in the dining hall. (改为否认祈使句)_ drink _ eat in the dining hall.三、情态动词have to, must1. have to意为“不得不”，强调客观须要，能用于多种时态。本身有第三人称单数形式has to。【考点1】一般如今时态中，have to 的否认句要借助助动词dont / doesnt，再加have to。【例句】You dont have to come here so early. 你不必那么早来这儿。【考点2】一般如今时态中，have to的一般疑问句要借助于助动词do/ does放在开头，后接have to【考点3】一般如今时态中，特别疑问句是：特别疑问词+ do/ does+主语+have to +其他？2. must意为“必需；应当”，表示义务、吩咐或必要。强调主观看法，没有时态改变。否认式mustnt表示“制止，严禁”。【考点4】以must开头的一般疑问句，简单确定答复用must，简单否认答复用neednt或dont have to。neednt 相当于dont have to，意为“不必”。【例句】Must I do the dishes today 我今日必需洗餐具吗？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to. 是的，必需。/ 不，你不必。【考题链接】Its too late. We _ go home.A. can B. have to C. may D. must1. May I go to the cinema, MomCertainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need2. Dad, must I finish my homework todayNo, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont句型转换1. He has to eat in the dining hall. (改为否认句)He _ _ to eat in the dining hall.2. We must be on time. (改为一般疑问句)_ we _ on time3. Bill has to listen to the music outside. (改为一般疑问句)_ Bill _ to listen to the music outside4. Must they follow the rules (作否认答复)_, they _.5. The students have to read books in the morning. (对画线局部提问)_ _ the students _ to read books驾驭Units 5-6的语法内容。1. why引导的特别疑问句疑问词why意为“为什么”，用来询问缘由。why引导的特别疑问句的构造为：疑问词Why +一般疑问句？why引导的特别疑问句，常用because引导的句子答复。【例句】Why do you like elephants 你为什么喜爱大象？Because theyre very interesting. 因为它们很好玩。【留意】because和so不能用在同一个句子中，二者只能取其一。【考题链接】1. _ does she go to see the koalasBecause theyre smart and friendly.A. What B. Where C. How D. Why2. _ lions are very scary, _ I dont like them.A. Because; so B. So; because C. Because; / D. /; because【即学即练】句型转换1. Julie likes koalas because theyre interesting. (对画线局部提问)_ _ Julie _ koalas2. Pandas are from China. (同义句转换)Pandas _ _ China.3. Why do you like cats (用cute来答复)_.4. to, why, you, want, do, see, the, bears (连词成句)_5. like, I, because, they, are, very, lovely, pandas (连词成句)_2. 形容词在句中的位置和充当的成分【考点1】形容词在句中的位置（1）形容词在句中一般用来修饰名词，常放在名词之前。（2）形容词也可作系动词的表语，即放在系动词之后。（3）当形容词作定语修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要放在被修饰词的后面。【考点2】形容词充当的成分（1）作定语，修饰/限定名词/代词（2）作表语形容词作表语，及be动词或其他连系动词连用，说明主语的状况。（3）作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语。【考题链接】1. I have _ to tell you. A. nothing good B. good nothing C. good thing D. thing good2. Grace is a _girl. She doesnt like meeting new friends.A. smart B. shy C. strict D. cute【即学即练】把下列短语翻译成英语1. 一只小猫 _ 2. 三只羞涩的大熊猫 _3. 五头友好的大象 _ 4. 两头懒散的狮子 _5. 四只恐惧的老虎 _ 6. 七只美丽的长颈鹿 _7. 十只得意的树袋熊 _ 8. 八只聪慧的动物 _9. 新的事情 _10. 困难的事情 _3. 如今进展时态【考点1】根本用法：（1）表示如今（说话瞬间）正在进展或发生的动作。（2）表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作。【考点2】句式(1) 否认句：be后加not；(2) 一般疑问句：be在主语前，且首字母大写，句末加问号。一般疑问句的简单确定答复：Yes, 主语+ be。简单否认答复：No, 主语+be not。【考点3】如今分词的构成：（1）一般状况下，干脆在动词末尾加-ing，如：play playing（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing，如：come coming（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing，如：swim swimming（4）以ie结尾的动词，将ie变为y，再加-ing，如：lie lying【考点4】常用的标记词：（1）句中有now时，常表示动作正在进展。（2）当句首有提示性动词look, listen 等时，说明动作正在进展。（3）依据语境或上下文来推断。 【考点5】如今进展时和一般如今时的区分：概念不同感情色调不同谓语动词形式不同如今进展时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进展的动作。表示的动作可带有感情色调。助动词be +v-ing形式。一般如今时表示常常性或习惯性的动作或状态。所表示的动作通常是事实。系动词和实义动词【考题链接】1. The children _ kites in the park now.A. making B. makes C. is making D. are making。2. Is your sister watching TV now _.A. Yes, she is B. Yes, she does C. No, she is D. Shes watching TV3. Look! The old man _ under the big tree.A. talks B. talk C. are talking D. is talking4. _ Hes swimming at the pool.A. What does Tom do B. Is Tom swimmingC. What is Tom doing D. Where does Tom now5. Whats Lucy doing She _ on the bed.A. lies B. lie C. is lying D. is lieing6. He often _on Sundays. Look! He _ at the pool. A. swim; swim B. is swimming; is swimmingC. swims; is swimming D. swims; swims【即学即练】. 写出下列动词的-ing形式1. read _ 2. swim _ 3. have _ 4. write _ 5. play _ 6. lie _7. shop _ 8. get _ 9. see _ 10. run _. 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1. Listen! Who _(sing) in the classroom2. Do you want _(buy) a dictionary3. Look! They _(take) photos.4. He often _(write) to his mother on the weekend.5. Please be quiet. My sister _(sleep).6. The boy _(not study) English now.7. _ the students _(read) EnglishYes, they are.8. What are you doingI _(drink) tea.驾驭7-8单元语法1. How 引导的特别疑问句询问天气【考点1】Hows the weather = Whats the weather like 的天气如何？【例句】Hows the weather in Nanjing 南京的天气怎样？Whats the weather like in Moscow 莫斯科的天气怎样？【考点2】描绘天气：Its + 描绘天气的adj. / v.-ing。【考题链接】1. _ is the weather there Its cloudy and windy.A. How B. When C. What D. Where2. Whats the weather like here_.A. It likes rain B. It looks like rainC. Its snowy D. Its a ball【即学即练】句型转换1. Whats the weather like here in winter （改为同义句）_ _ the weather here in winter2. Its sunny in London today. （改为否认句）It _ _ in London today.3. Its snowing there. （对划线局部提问）_ the weather _ there4. Hows the weather in Taiyuan (补全答语)_ windy.5. Theres lots of rain in Shandong in summer. （改为同义句）It _ heavily in Shandong in summer.2. 如今进展时态的特别用法如今进展时除了其根本用法外，还有一些特别用法：（1）如今进展时可表示将来的动作。某些表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, fly 等可用如今进展时表示将来。（2）如今进展时可表示常常性、习惯性发生的动作。如今进展时及always, often, never等副词连用，可表示赞扬、厌烦等感情色调。（3）一些词不用于如今进展时中。表示感觉或某种状态的动词，如love, like, hate, see, hear, know, want, need, sound等，通常不用于如今进展时态中。 【考题链接】_ you _ for Shanghai next weekA. Do; leave B. Are; leaving C. Am; leave D. Are; leave【即学即练】用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1. My sister _(come) to see me tomorrow.2. He _ ( visit ) his grandparents this weekend.3. Listen! Someone_(sing) in the next room. 4. Xiao Ming _ always _(help) other students.5. His parents _(fly) to New York tomorrow morning.3. There be 句型【考点1】There be句型的构成：There areis某物人地点/（时间状语）。它既可以表示某地方/（某时）有什么东西，也可以表达某地方/（某时）有什么人。【考点2】谓语动词be单复数确实定：在there be句型中， there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的单复数取决于其后的主语，单数主语用is，复数主语全用are；如有并列主语时，be随第一主语变，即“就近原则”。【考点3】There be 句型的句式：（1）否认句：be后加not。留意确定句中的some变为any。（2）一般疑问句：将be提到there前，some变为any。简单确定答复：Yes, there is/ are.简单否认答复：No, there isnt/ arent. （3）特别疑问句：特别疑问词+一般疑问句？ 提问可数名词的量，用how many。 提问不行数名词的量，用how much。 提问主语用what/ who，谓语动词用单数is。【考点4】There be句型及have的区分（1）用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，强调空间上的存在；而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语全部，强调所属关系。（2）构造不同：There be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)； Sb./Sth. + have/has +sb./sth. 。（3）若是局部及整体的关系，二者可以互换。【考题链接】1. There _ a book and two rulers in the pencil-box.A. is B. are C. be D. have2. There _ many birds in the tree. A. is B. are C. be D. have3. _ an Art Festival in your school this termNo, but there is an English party.A. Are there B. Is there C. Do we have D. Does he have【即学即练】句型转换1. Two baseballs are in the schoolbag. (改为同义句)_ _ two baseballs in the schoolbag.2. There is a pay phone near the bank. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ a pay phone near the bank3. Is there a post office on Fifth Avenue (作确定答复)_, _ _.4. Are there any sports clubs in your school (作否认答复)_, _ _.5. The Bank of China is near here. (对画线局部提问)_ _ the Bank of China6. There are some children on the playground. (改为否认句)There _ _children on the playground.7. There is a picture on the wall. (对画线局部提问)_ _ _ are there on the wall8. There is some water in the bowl. (对画线局部提问)_ _ water is there in the bowl9. There is a table in the room. (对画线局部提问) _ _ in the room10. A week has seven days. (改为同义句)_ _ seven d