2014人教版八年级下英语5单元知识点.docx

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came Section A1. What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm 昨天当暴风雨来【解析1】过去进展时【解析1】 at the time of 在. 的时候 （常用于过去进展时）【解析2】rainstorm n 暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop雨滴2. My alarm didnt go off so I _ up late. 我的闹钟没有响，因此我_晚了。【解析1】alarm n 闹钟 an alarm clock 一个闹钟 【解析2】go off 发出响声,  (闹钟)闹响，分开 5.I called at seven and you didnt pick up. 我七点钟给你打 ，你没有接。【解析】pick up 接 pick up接 Tom, I called you, but you didnt pick up捡起；捡起I pick up a wallet on my way home（开车）接某人I will pick you up at the station学到；获得He was picking up the skills quickly.6. Thats strange. 真惊奇.【解析】strange adj. 惊奇的 strangely adv惊奇地 stranger n 生疏人be strange to 对感到生疏strange惊奇的Its strange that she came to the party.生疏的He stands in a stranger street.7. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。【解析1】with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语 with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open【解析2】feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事I feel like _ (catch) a clod today.8. The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area. 电视新闻报道，这个地区有一场大暴雨。【解析】report v 报道 reporter n 记者make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报give a report 作报告 Its reported that 据报道I want to be a _(report) when I grow up.9. so ,when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing 那么，当暴风雨突然降临的时候，你正在做什么呢？【解析】so 的用法： 无实际意义，表示惊异或领悟，引出后面内容做语气词So, you were the first one to enter the classroom.He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him. so that +从句 “以便，为了”I fixed the TV so that we can watch it tonight10. I see. I called again at eight and you didnt answer then either. 我八点钟又给你打 ，你也没有接。【解析1】I see . 我知道了。 （表示通过别人提示而明白、理解）( ) Its bad for your eyes to read in the sun. _. A. Im OK B. I dont know C. Im sorry D. I see【拓展】 see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事 see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事【解析2】either 也【辨析】also /too/as well/ either (1) also 也，用于确定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 (2) too 也， 用于确定句句末(3) either 也 ，通常放于否认句末【练习】用either, also , too, as well 填空 Tom can sing this song . I can sing it, _.Tom can sing this song, I can sing it _.Tom can sing this song, I can _sing it.Tom couldnt sing this song, I couldnt , _.（ ） He cant swim .I cant,_.A. too B. also C. either D. neither11. Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. 本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒与收音机能正常运用。【解析1】while当.的时候( ) Amy was reading a book _ I came in. A. when B. while C. because D. though( ) _the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. A. When B. If C. While D. Once【解析2】make sure确信； 确保 make sure to do sth Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave. make sure of Do you know the time of the train Youd better make sure of it. ( ) There arent many tickets left for the concert, you'd better _that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plans【解析3】work 运转；发挥作用 The madicine doesnt work.【拓展】work有三个意思很简单弄混：表示“工作”，是不行数名词： He has too much work to do. 他要做的工作太多。 work worker 表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数： He has read many of Hemingways works. 表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义： The glass works（=factory) is are near the station. 玻璃工厂在车站旁边。12. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. 当雨点开场重重地打在窗户上的时候，本正在扶植他的妈妈做晚饭。【解析1】.beat与win辨析We beat them by the score of 2 to 1. 我们以2:1赢了他们。Which team won the football match 哪个对赢了那场足球赛？【解析2】heavily 在很大程度上；大量地【拓展】heavy adj. 重的（反） light heavily adv 猛烈地【注】形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard【解析3】 against 倚；碰；撞 表示“反对”，其反义词为 for。若表示“剧烈反对”，一般用副词 strongly： Are you for or against the plan 你对这个支配是赞成还是反对呢 表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等： The teachers desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。13. Ben could not sleep at first. 起初，本睡不着。 【解析】 at first 首先；最初【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开场 【强调在时间依次或做某事过程等开场之初】 (2) first of all 首先，第一 【说明陈述事情的重要性】14. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. 在大约凌晨三点渐渐减弱的时候，本最终睡着了。【解析1】 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着be asleep强调睡着的状态The baby is asleep fall asleep强调入睡的动作My father was so tired that he fell asleep quickly【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区分。 fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”构造，“入睡；睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡时，这时传来了洪亮的敲门声。 sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个持续性的动词。 He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon. 他喜爱在下午睡上一个小时。 go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开场睡到睡着的过程。 I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。 get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。 She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激烈而不能入睡。 go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。 The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening. 我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。【记】 He went to bed at ten last night , but he didnt go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours.【解析2】die down 渐渐变弱；渐渐消逝【拓展】die down与die out的用法区分： 指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。die down往往指火势由强到弱渐渐熄灭，植物渐渐死亡这一过程；die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。die down: 反映风、声音、生气、掌声、战斗等平静下来。die out: 指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消逝或消亡。This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭亡了。15. When he woke up. the sun was rising. 当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。【解析1】wake up (v+ adv) 醒来；睡醒【解析2】rise 增加；进步；增加；上升，升起rise升起；上升主语自身移向较高位置Price rose graduallyraise举起；进步主语发出的动作作用于其他事物Lets raise our glasses to Tom.16. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere. 到处都是倒下的树，破裂的窗户与垃圾。【解析1】过去分词做定语 fallen leaves 落叶【解析2】everywhere 到处，到处；各个地方We have many friends everywhere in the worldsomewhere某个地方多用于确定句中You can go somewhere you like to. anywhere 任何地方否认句You cant go anywhere疑问句Can I go anywhere I choose17. They joined the neighbors to help clean up the neigh hood together. 他们参加到邻居们中，一起清扫社区。【解析】 join 参加；参与【辨析】join/join in/take part in (1) join=be a member of 参与 ,指参加某种组织，并成为其中的一员。join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 参加俱乐部 join in 后接活动名称 join sb. 参加到某个人群之中(2) take part in 参与，指参加群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。18. turn on the radio 翻开收音机【解析】turn on 翻开（反）turn off 关掉19. When we got to the place of the accident, the car was in bad shape from hitting a tree. 当我们到达事故现场的时候，看到汽车由于撞在了树上，已经变了些。【解析】get to 到达get got gotten v 得到【辨析】get/ reach/ arriveget to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚Section B.1. What event happened at the school yesterday 昨天学校发生了什么事？【解析】 happen 发生；碰巧（指偶尔性发生）(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶尔性a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上What happened to you=What was wrong with himb. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened _(be) out when we called.(2)take place 发生，指事情有支配有支配地发生The sports meeting took place in our school last week.(3) It happened that碰巧2. Kate realized her bag was still at home. 凯特意识到她的包还在家。【解析】realize v 意识到 realize + n she didnt realize her mistake. realize +从句 I didnt realize that you were so unhappy.3. Robert Allen is now over 50, but he was a school pupil at that time.罗柏特. 艾伦如今已经50多岁了，但那时候他还只是一名小学生。【解析】 over= more than 超过4. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school. 当学校篮球竞赛开场的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。【解析】 make ones way to 在某人去的路上（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to）5. Our teacher said, “ Dr. King died just 10 minutes ago.” 我们的老师说：“金先生10分钟前去世了”。【解析】一段时间+ ago 之前，用于一般过去时6. We were completely surprised! 我们完全震惊了！【解析】complete v 完成 adj. 完好的 completely 彻底地；完全地7. My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 之后我的父母没再讲话，我们在沉默中吃完了晚饭。【解析】 the rest of “其余的，剩下的” , 做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一样。The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.8. School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence. 学校停课一天，罗柏特与他的挚友们沉默地走回了家。【解析】silence n 沉默 silent 沉默；沉默；无声 in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默9. More recently , most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. 最近，大局部美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐惧分子攻击的时候自己在做什么。【解析1】remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区分。 remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做） Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你分开房间的时候记得关灯。 remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完） I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得分开房间时关灯了。【解析2】take down 拆掉；拆毁【解析3】terror n. 恐惧 terrorist 恐惧分子be full of terror充溢恐惧 【拓展】 art n. 艺术 artist n.艺术家 science n. 科学 scientist 科学家piano n. 钢琴 pianist n. 钢琴家10. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. 我很胆怯以致于后来我几乎无法正常思索。【解析】hardly 几乎不； 绝不11. Robert and his friends were surprised to hear the news. 罗柏特与他的挚友们听到这则消息感到很惊讶。【解析1】be surprised to do sth 做某事很惊讶【解析2】hear的用法hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。【构造】：hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事；hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事12. Kate didnt think her friend was telling the truth about the event. 凯特认为对于这次事务她挚友没有说出真相。【解析】true adj. 真的 truly adv. 真地 truth 实情；事实to be truth n. 真相honest = to tell (you) the truth醇厚说；说实话二、重点句型1. What were you doing at eight last night昨晚8 点你在干什么？ I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.当开场下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？ While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。三、本单元语法：过去进展时态 用法： 过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。 过去某段时间正在发生的动作 I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我始终呆在这里。 与过去进展时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night/at that time=then/at this time yesterday/或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示 过去进展时的构成：waswere +如今分词 过去进展时的四个根本句型 确定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否认句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night 两答复 Yes, he was. /No, he wasnt. 特别疑问句 What was he doing at six last night 过去进展时的固定句型 Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 请比拟 He watched TV last night.（过去时间last night, 用一般过去时） He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进展时)