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    八年级英语下册Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks短语语法知识点汇总人教新目标版.docx

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    八年级英语下册Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks短语语法知识点汇总人教新目标版.docx

    Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks一、必背短语Section A 局部1.清洁、清扫clean up2.使激昂、兴奋cheer up3.分发、散发give/ hand out4.过去、曾经used to5.志愿去做某事volunteer to do6.提出,相出come up with7.推延put off8.张贴;搭建put up9.打 call up10.照看,照料care for/look after/take care of11.在岁at the age of12.参及选拔;试用try out13.同时at the same time14.一个剧烈的满意感a strong feeling of satisfaction15.为而筹钱raise money for16.为发愁be worried aboutSection B 局部1.修理、装饰fix up2.用光,用完run out (of)3.(外貌/行为)像take after4.捐赠、赠送give away5.及相像be similar to6.建立;设立set up7.残疾人disabled people 8.对有影响/作用make a difference to9.扶植某人摆脱逆境help sb. out10.对感到兴奋be excited about【教材内容解析】Section A1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9)(1) help sb. with sth. 扶植某人某事翻译:你能在家庭作业方面扶植我吗?_ help sb. (to) do sth. 扶植某人做某事翻译:他经常扶植他妈妈做家务。_(2) clean up意为“清扫干净”翻译:Nancy, please clean up your room. _2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9)cheer up意为“使快乐, 使振作、激昂”,代词用作宾语时,要当在cheer和up之间。翻译:Cheer up! Everything will be OK. _ 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)give out意为“分发、散发”,相当于hand out。翻译:这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。 _4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)volunteer用作动词,表示“义务做、自愿做”,后接不定式作宾语,volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”;作名词,表示“志愿者”,为可数名词。翻译:Tom volunteered to help us. _5. Lets make some notices, too. (P. 10)also, too, as well及either都可以表示“也”,但是用法不同。also放在句中行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。He also wants to go.too用于确定句中,放在句尾,前面用逗号隔开。He wants to go, too.as well用于确定句中,放在句尾,前面不用逗号隔开。He wants to go as well.either用于否认句句末,句前不用逗号隔开。He doesnt want to go either6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)come up with表示“相出、提出(办法或者想法)”。翻译:或许他会提出一个好的办法。_7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with (P. 10)help out意为“帮助分担、帮某人摆脱逆境”。翻译:Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. _8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10)辨析:be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.及be used to do sth.辨析: used to do sth;be used to do sth;及 be /get used to doing sthused to do sth.过去经常做某事记忆口诀:used to do 经常过; be used to do 被用做; be used to doing 习惯做be used to do sth.被用来做某事be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒芜的、偏僻的”;alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词,作形容词时只能作表语,不能作定语。翻译:He feels lonely at home himself. _翻译:His grandfather was alone. _;alone是_词。翻译:Mr. Smith lives alone. _;alone是_词。10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)care for意为“照看、照料”,后接名词或者代词作宾语,相当于look after或者take care of。翻译:她每天放学后照看她的弟弟。 _11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. (P. 11)such用作形容词,表示“这样、如此”,用来修饰名词,可以修饰可数名词单数,也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不行数名词。翻译:Its such a nice day. _翻译:I hope to have such delicious food every day. _12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11)at the age of表示“在岁时”,表示年龄。翻译:He started school at the age of six. _13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)try out for意为“参与选拔、争取成为”。翻译:Many boys tried out for the football team. _14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12)at the same time意为“同时”。翻译:你不能同时写作业和看电视。_15. Our class is trying to.(P. 12) try to do sth. “尽力做某事”翻译:医生尽力挽救(save)生病的女孩。_ try doing sth. “尝试做某事”翻译:男孩尝试弹钢琴。_Section B1. I take after my mother. (P. 13)take after意为“长得像”。翻译:Mary长得像她爸爸. _2. I fixed it up. (P. 13)fix up意为“修理”,代词作宾语时,放在fix和up中间。翻译:My computer doesnt work. Can you fix it up for me _3. I gave it away. (P. 13)give away意为“捐赠、赠送”,还可以表示“泄露(隐私)”。翻译:我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。 _4. Im similar to her. (P. 13)be similar to意为“及相像”,be similar in“在方面类似”。翻译:Her ideas are similar to mine. _翻译:The twins are similar in appearances. _5. I didnt keep it. (P. 13) keep sth. 保存某物翻译:You can keep the book until the next weekend. _ keep doing sth. 始终做某事翻译:The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison(监狱). _ keep+adj. 保持翻译:The girl eats a little to keep slim(苗条的). _ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物翻译:We should keep the window open while we are asleep. _ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事翻译:The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. _6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li (P. 14)write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信”翻译:她正在给她父母写信。_7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14)有些动词后面接复合宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当,并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find,think,feel,make等。翻译:I find it interesting to play computer games _翻译:We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. _8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)make a difference to意为“对有影响、对起作用”,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。翻译:Changing schools made a difference to my life. _翻译:The rain made no difference to the game. _9. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)imagine表示“想象”时,后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。翻译:You cant imagine how fast the player ran. _10. I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14) bring表示“带来”,强调从别的地方带到说话的地方,常及副词here连用;take表示“带走”,强调从说话的地方带去别的地方,常及副词there连用;carry表示“搬、抬”,没有方向性。翻译:The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. _11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14) train用作及物动词,表示“训练、培训”,train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。翻译:They train the dogs to open the door. _12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14) be able to意为“能,会”,表示实力,及can同义。In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.【拓展】辨析:be able to及canbe able to强调通过努力而获得的实力,而can强调自身已具有的实力。She can sing the song in English.He will be able to sing this song in English, too.【语法讲解】动词不定式一、 作主语为避开句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 翻译:_It takes sb. some time to do sth. 翻译:_二、 作宾语动词agree (同意); offer (提出); intend, plan (准备,安排); demand, ask (要求); promise (容许); help (帮助); prepare (准备); decide (确定); refuse (回绝);dare (敢于); choose (选择); wish,hope,want, expect (盼望,想要); fail ;(不能;遗忘); pretend (假装); manage (设法); determine (决心)常接动词不定式作宾语。【记忆口诀】同意提出做安排, 要求容许来帮助。 准备确定遭回绝, 敢于选择有盼望。 不能做到莫假装, 设法做成决心强。 三、 作(后置)定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do” “Its time to do sth.” 等构造中。四、动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或缘由。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。常用构造有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。五、作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.构造。【留意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半扶植(help)”。六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有:had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做Would you like to do sth.你想做?Why not do sth.为什么不做Would you please (not) do sth.请你(不)做.好吗?

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