人教版八年级下册英语第八单元知识点复习及练习.docx
一、 根底自测:用本单元所学单词或短语的适当形式完成短文。 Mike is a Chinese boy. He likes reading _1(science fiction)very much. When he reads it, he can't _2 (put it down)He has read it _3 (ever since)five years ago. He wants to be a writer when he _4(grow up)Last Friday night，he had a dream. In the dream he _5(go abroad)by plane.Unluckily, the plane stopped working during the trip. The captain said to all the passengers，“_6(hurry up), or you _7(lose one's life)” Mike flew into the sky with the power of a magic stick and landed safely. Then he found a big box. It was _8(full of)treasure，and the treasure _9(belong to)him then. He was so happy that he woke up，and felt very tired.依据汉语意思完成句子1我已经吃过早餐了。I_ already_ my breakfast.2他以前读过那本书。He _ _ that book before.3我挚友还未分开。My friend_ _ yet. 4我还没有找到丧失的钥匙。I_ _ the lost keys.5你确定要去哪里了吗？_ you _ where to go二、 学问梳理1、Have you read Little Women yet？ 你已经读过小妇人了吗？（1）本句时态是如今完成时，其构造为“助动词have/ has 动词的过去分词”，表示相对于如今来说已经完成的动作对如今造成的影响或结果。eg：I have watered the plants already. 我已经给那些植物浇了水。（2）yet为副词，意为“还；已经”，多用于否认句和疑问句，通常放在句末。not yet的意思是“尚未；还没有”，它常用于否认答复。 eg：I haven't done it yet.我还没有做它呢。Have you read the new book that you bought yesterday？ 你已经读了你昨天买的新书了吗？Not yet.还没有。2、put down 放下（1）put down放下eg：Don't put up your hands. Please put them down. 你们不要举手，请放下。（2）can't put sth. down意为“对某物爱不释手”。eg：It is an interesting book and he can't put it down.它是一本好玩的书，他对它爱不释手。（3）put down还意为“写下，登记”，等于write down。eg：Let me put down your telephone number.让我登记你的 号码。留意：put. down 为“动词副词”型短语，宾语若为代词，应放在put 与 down 中间。拓展：put的相关短语：put away 收起来put off 推延put on 穿上 put up 张贴3、 hurry up赶快；连忙（做某事）eg： Hurry up， or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到的。 难点：与hurry相关的短语：(1) hurry off/away意为“匆忙离去”。eg：Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 赵教师匆忙赶去照看那个人。(2) hurry into意为“匆忙进入”。eg：Her parents are trying to hurry her into marriage.她的父母设法催她快点结婚。(3) hurry out意为“匆忙出去”。eg：The man hurried out of the car before reporters could speak to him.记者们还将来得及与他交谈，这个男人就匆忙分开了汽车。(4) in a hurry意为“匆忙地”。eg：（乐山中考）He left home in a hurry and forgot to turn off the light this morning.今日上午他匆忙分开家，遗忘关灯了。4、The book report is due in two weeks.读书报告两周后必需交。（1）due此处作形容词，“预期；预定；预料”，后面引出预期的时间、地点等。eg：Her baby is due next month.她的宝宝预料在下个月诞生。Our plane is due at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12：30.我们的飞机预料于12：30着陆在上海虹桥国际机场。拓展：be due to do sth.意为“预期做某事”eg：The meeting is due to start at 3：30.会议预定3:30开场。（2）in two weeks 意为“两周之后”。“in一段时间”表示“在以后”，常用在一般将来时的句子中。对此提问用how soon。eg：He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他将回来。留意：“after一段时间”常用在一般过去时的句子中。eg：He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是两个小时后抵达北京的。5、lose one's life丧生lose one's life相当于动词die。life意为“性命”，属可数名词，在数上要与one's一样。 eg：The Greens lost their lives in the car accident. 格林一家人在那次车祸中丧生了。拓展：life泛指一般意义的“生活”时，为不行数名词。eg：Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活变得越来越好。life表示某种方式的“生活”时，常用单数形式。eg：We are living a happy life. 我们过着华蜜的生活。6、else /els/ adv. 另外的，其他的else为副词，常用在who， whose， what等疑问代词及when， where等疑问副词之后；也放在以one， body， thing， place， where结尾的复合不定代词/副词之后。eg：Would you like something else to drink？ 你还想喝点别的什么吗？拓展：other为形容词，意为“别的；其他的”，常放在名词之前作定语。也可用作代词，表示“其他的人或物”。eg： What's that in your other hand？ 你的另一只手里拿着什么？ Other people may not think that way. 别人可能不那样想。7、One.the other. （两者中的）一个另一个eg：I have two brothers. One is a doctor；the other is a teacher.我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是教师。拓展：some.the others用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些其余的”eg：Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball，the others are playing football.男孩们在操场上。一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。8、towards prep.朝；向；对着辨析for， to与towardsfor常用在leave， start后，表示运动的方向或目的地。They'll leave for Xi'an to travel.他们要去西安旅游。to置于go， come， return， move等词后，表示目的地。When will you come to our school？你将什么时候来我们学校？towards意为“朝；向”，只说明运动方向，无“到达”之意。She was walking towards the town.她正往镇上走去。例题：In a basketball match， players move _（朝，向） one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other.9、can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事eg：Bill couldn't wait to open his present. 比尔迫不及待地翻开他的礼物。拓展：(1) can't help doing sth.意为“不由自主地做某事”。eg： He could not help laughing. 他忍不住笑了起来。(2) can't stand doing sth.意为“不能容忍做某事”。eg：I can't stand waiting for such a long time.我不能容忍等这么久。(3) can't stop doing sth. 意为“不能停顿做某事”。eg：The boy couldn't stop crying when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时，这个男孩不停地哭起来。10、make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事make 意为“使变得；促使；迫使”，是使役动词，常见构造：（1）make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。eg：The news made my father feel sad. 这个消息使我的爸爸感到难过。（2）make 名词/代词形容词，意为“使处于某种状态”。eg：He always makes us happy. 他总是使我们欢乐。（3）make 作动词，还可意为“制订；做”。eg：He can make a model plane. 他会做飞机模型。拓展：make的相关短语：make money赚钱make the bed铺床，整理床铺make a mistake犯错误 make friends with与交挚友make a decision作出确定make sure确信make fun of取笑11、 come to渐渐；开场come to相当于begin/get to，后面跟动词原形，其后常跟的动词有：like， understand， realize， see， know等。eg：I came to like her.我渐渐喜爱上她了。 I came to understand his love. 我开场理解他的爱。拓展：come to do意为“来做（从事）某事”。eg：Excuse me，would you like to come to help me with my English？打搅了，你情愿来扶植我学英语吗？We hope you'll come to do business with us.我们盼望你们来与我们做生意。12、ever since自从ever since相当于since， ever起强调作用，其后可接短语或句子。接句子时，从句用一般过去时，主句用如今完成时。 eg：I haven't heard from him ever since last year. 自去年以来我就未曾收到过他的信。拓展：ever since 可单独运用，放于句末。eg：He fell ill at Christmas and has been ill ever since. 他在圣诞节生病了，此后就始终不适。13、辨析 such as与for examplesuch as列举整体之中的局部同类人或事物作例。其后没有逗号，干脆加所列举的内容。for example列举整体之中的一个为例，在句子中多用作插入语，用逗号与其前内容隔开，位置可以在句首、句中或句末。拓展：like也常用来表示举例，可与such as互换。但such as用于举例可以分开运用，此时不行与like互换。eg：Some warmblooded animals，like/such as the cat，the dog and the wolf，do not need to hibernate.一些温血动物，像猫、狗和狼都不须要冬眠。He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks. 他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书。Tom， for example， is my good friend. 例如，汤姆是我的好挚友。I have some good friends，such as Tom，Kate and Wang Bin. 我有一些好挚友，例如汤姆、凯特和王斌。例题：I have lots of hobbies， playing table tennis， playing football and playing basketball.A. such asB. namely C. that is D. for example14、belong v.属于；归属eg：I used to belong to a youth club.我曾是一个青年俱乐部的成员。 belong to意为“属于，为所拥有”。belong to不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进展时态。eg：The fantastic world surely belongsto young people and the future.这个奇妙的世界确定属于年轻人和将来。留意：belong to中的to是介词，后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式，不能接名词性物主代词或名词全部格。eg：The bike belongs to my mother. 这辆自行车属于我妈妈。 This classroom belongs to us. 这间教室属于我们。15、one another互相英语中表示“互相”的词组有两个，即one another和each other。二者都是“互相，互相”之意，通常作宾语，不能作主语，可通用。eg：They looked at each other/one another. 他们彼此对视。拓展：each other和one another都有其全部格，即可在其后加“'s”。eg：The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。例题：They put the food intobags.A. each other B. each other's C. one other's D. one another 留意：one after another是一个常用短语，表示“一个接一个”。eg：They left the room one after another. 他们一个接一个地分开了这个房间。16、have/has been to 去过“have/has been to某地”意为“去过某地（已经回来）”，当表地点的词为副词时，则省略to。eg：I have been to Beijing Zoo. 我去过北京动物园。He hasn't been there before. 他以前没去过那儿。拓展：“have/has gone to某地”意为“去某地了（尚未回来）”。eg：Where is Tom？ 汤姆在哪儿？ He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。17、famous adj.闻名的；知名的famous（well known），常见的搭配：be famous as.作为知名Bruce Lee is famous as an actor.李小龙作为演员而知名。be famous for.因为知名Lang Lang is famous for playing the piano.郎朗因为弹钢琴知名。be famous in.在知名Liu Qian is famous in China now.刘谦如今在中国很知名。be famous to为 所熟知The programme is famous to many young people.很多年轻人都熟识这档节目。语法如今完成时（一） 如今完成时表示过去发生的动作对如今造成的影响或结果，也可以表示从过去某一时间开场，始终持续到如今的动作或状态。常与already（已经），just（刚刚），ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前），yet（仍旧）等连用。（1）如今完成时的构造确定句主语have/has动词的过去分词其他.eg: I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。否认句主语have/hasnot动词的过去分词其他.eg: I have not heard from him yet. 我还没收到他的来信。一般疑问句和简单答复Have/Has主语动词的过去分词其他？Yes，主语have/has.No，主语have/has not.Eg: Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾去过北京吗？ Yes，I have.是的，我去过。/No，I haven't.不，我没去过。（2）already与yet在如今完成时中的用法already adv.已经；早已通常用于确定句中，一般用于have/has后，实义动词前，也有放在句尾的状况。I have already had breakfast.我已经吃过早饭了。yet adv.还；已经用于否认句和疑问句中，一般用在句末。I haven't done my homework yet.我还没有做作业。例题：Has your sister finished reading ？Yes. She has finished it.A. yet； yetB. yet； alreadyC. already； yet（3）一般过去时与如今完成时的区分1、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情。如今完成时强调过去的动作对如今造成的影响或结果。eg: I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。I have seen this film. 这部电影我已经看过了。2、一般过去时常与详细的表示过去的时间状语（如：yesterday， last week， three days ago， in 1990等）连用；如今完成时不与表示明确的过去的时间状语连用，但可以与in the past.years/weeks， so far等时间状语连用。eg：Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚汤姆给他父母写了一封信。The weather has been so hot so far this summer.到目前为止，今年夏每天气始终很热。三、 典例精析 Hurry up！ The movie will begin 10 minutes. A.over B. in C. for D. at【点拨】本题用语法断定法。句意：赶快！电影将会在10分钟之后开场。“in一段时间”表示“一段时间以后”。The meeting is on the 22nd.it in your diary.A. Cut；down B. Look；down C. Turn；down D. Put；down【点拨】本题用短语辨析法。cut down砍倒；look down往下看；turn down调低；put down登记。If you do things ，usually you can't do them well. A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now D.at once【点拨】 in a hurry匆忙，仓促；from now on从如今起；just now刚刚；at once立即，立刻，句意：假如你做事很匆忙，你通常是做不好的。My family has two dogs. One is white；is black. A.other B. another C. the other D. others【点拨】依据上句“我家有两只狗。”可以推想下句应为“一只狗是白色的，另一只狗是黑色的。”one.the other.意为“（两者中的）一个另一个”。C项符合构造及句意。My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home. A. wait B. Help C. expect D. afford【点拨】本题用固定短语法。wait等待；help扶植；expect期盼；afford供应。句意：我父母说他们要来看我。分开家几个月了，我迫不及待地要见到他们。短语can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事。How time flies！ We should show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us. A. to know B. knowing C. knew D. know【点拨】本题用固定短语法。句意：时间过得真快啊！我们应当向我们的父母表达我们的爱，并且让他们知道他们对我们是多么重要。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事。I met Lucy in primary school and we have been close friends. A. as usual B. again and againC. sooner or later D. ever since【点拨】as usual 和平常一样；again and again 一次又一次；sooner or later 迟早；ever since 自之后。句意：我在小学的时候遇见了露西，自从那之后我们始终是密切的挚友。The American warships （军舰） have appeared near South China Sea Islands again.We must let the Americans know clearly that the islands China.A. come from B. belong to C. care about D. believe in【点拨】本题用短语辨析法。come from来自；belong to属于；care about在乎；believe in信任。句意：美国军舰再次出如今中国南海岛屿旁边。我们必需让美国人清晰地知道这些岛屿属于中国。Monica, you the exam! Congratulation！ A. pass B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing【点拨】本题用语境推断法。由Congratulation！可知是已经通过考试了，对如今的影响，用如今完成时。四、 课堂稳固：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1What did you see Jim doingI saw him _(swim) in the river.2_ you _ (visit)the art museum yet3The match makes me _(feel) excited.4She_(practice)the piano ever since.5We decided_(plant)some trees on the hill near our town.五、 课后练习动词应用阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词One day, I took my daughter to the park.As soon as we got there, my daughter 1._ (run) to the swing (秋千)and asked for a push.When I was helping my daughter, I noticed another girl trying to make her own swing 2._ (go) high by herself.Her old grandmother was sitting on the chair nearby and smiling at us. Gradually, my daughter 3._ (push) higher and higher by me.Then I walked towards the little girl.I asked if I 4._ (give) a big push to her.She smiled and said “Yes”For the next hour, I pushed the swings, and played with my daughter and the little girl.When we went home, I 5._ (be) tired but very happy.One day two years later, after a day's work, I went to pick up my daughter before going home.While I 6._ (wait) outside the school gate, a little girl smiled sweetly at me and gave me a big hug.As I watched her 7._ (run) away, I realized that she was the girl whom I gave a big push in the park.So far, I 8._ (not forget) her sweet smile and the warm hug that she gave me.In fact, if we give love to others, love 9._ (find) its way back to us.It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom (开花)in the heart.The love we share, the kindness we 10._ (give), and the happiness we create will come back to us with a pleasant surprise.阅读理解I think that a great friend is a great artist who can change my feeling about life greatly.When I talk about the person who influenced me most，I must think of my best friend quickly.When I was in my university, one of my classmates sat beside me.His name is Wang Tao.He is my unforgettable friend in my life.He is good at study and handsome.Everyone knows that he is a genius (天才) of my university.He is kindhearted and is always ready to help others.But he doesn't like others to praise him, because he thinks what he did is common.There is an old saying: A friend in need is a friend indeed.Wang Tao sets a good example in many parts of my life.I remembered that my mathematics was mediocre at that time, but he was excellent in solving mathematics questions.He often received high scores.Of course, I wished I could reach his level.When we talked all day long, he was patient and polite to answer my mathematics questions.Slowly, I made great progress in mathematics.I passed the examination finally.Then we became friends naturally.And now, I still remember his strong will to study.We know that we live in the society, so we need a lot of friends.There are two kinds of friends, good and bad. Bad friends may make our life failed, while good ones make our life successful.To me, Wang Tao is a very good friend.I learned so many advantages from him, and I became more and more excellent.We separated three months ago.Now I miss him very much, and I hope that our friendship will continue to be just as strong as before after we graduated(毕业)1The writer believes that an excellent friend _.Ais a man who works on art Bcan change his life slowlyCcan influence his idea about life Dmust think of him quickly2Which of the following about Wang Tao is NOT true according to the passageAHe has a strong will. BHe is warmhearted.CHe is good at maths. DHe likes art very much.3The underlined word “mediocre” most probably means “_”AbetterBnot very goodCthe bestDvery good4In the fifth paragraph, the writer mainly suggests that we should _.Amake good friends and learn fro
