高中定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案.docx

高中定语从句具体讲解在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必需放在先行词之后。引导定语从句关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最终，那个小偷向警察交出他偷全部东西。引导词是关系代词thatHis parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难人结婚。引导词是关系代词whoseIn the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在那个黑暗街道上，没有她可以求助人。引导词是关系代词whomIn 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato.1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲旅行家发觉了西红柿。引导词是关系代词whoI still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍旧记得第一次去北京那一天。引导词是关系副词whenThis is the house where we lived last year.这就是我们去年住房子。引导词是关系副词where二、关系代词和关系副词功用能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联络起来。关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。1、作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词人称和数应与先行词一样。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所须要是大量油。引导词that在句中作主语A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是会飞机器。引导词that在句中作主语The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我班来访外国人来自加拿大。引导词who在句中作主语They planted the trees which didn't need much water.他们种植了需水不多树木。引导词which在句中作主语2、作宾语在定语从句里作宾语关系代词在口语中常被省去The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.我煮面条美味可口。引导词that，可省略The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh.我们买鱼不簇新。引导词which，可省略The person to (whom) you just talked is Mr.Li.刚刚你与其交谈人是李先生。引导词whom，不行省略3、作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。Miss Brown is the teacher whose house caught fire last night.布朗小姐就是昨晚房子着火那位老师。高中英语定语从句用法讲解This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher.这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们语文老师。留意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital.老板到医院探望了康先生，康先生在他公司里工作。4、作状语关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和缘由状语。I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将恒久不会遗忘我们在农场工作那段日子。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.他父亲工作那个工厂在城市西部。This is the reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚理由。三、关系代词用法英语中关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们用法如下：1、who，whom用法who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry.起初，买到西红柿人常常会生气。(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball.你应当给他写信人是波尔先生。(whom作宾语能省略)His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他很爱你母亲，她于1818年去世了。whom引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略2、whose用法whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。I have a friend whose father is a mayor.我有个挚友，他父亲是市长。We lived in a house whose window faces south.我们住在窗口朝南房子里。3、which 用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world.今日，那些曾经只在中国生长果树可以在世界上很多地方看到了。作主语，不能省略They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们须要一种不像水稻那样须要水作物。作主语，不能省略It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购置车票。(作宾语，可以省略)He came late, which we all know.我们都知道，他来晚了。作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略4、that 用法高中英语定语从句用法讲解that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致一样，但也有区分。All the people that come from the country work much harder.全部来自农村人工作都更努力。that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略This is all (that) I can tell you.这是我能告知你全部状况。that指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写最好一个剧本。that指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略She is the only person(that) I can trust.她是我唯一可以依靠人。that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略5、关系代词that和which区分1一样点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开那列火车是去上海。(作主语)The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)2用that，不用which状况领先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时something之后也可用which。To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所须要是你答应。Is there anything that I can do for you有什么要我做事吗He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有答复老师那些问题。领先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出最好玩书之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做第一件事是弄点吃。领先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。Those are the very words that he used.那就是他原话。领先行词是一个既指人又指物并列词组时。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在议论在工厂里看到人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们聊起他们所能记得起学校里人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去中国了。当要防止与疑问词which重复时。高中英语定语从句用法讲解Which is the car that was made in Beijing哪辆车是北京制造领先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜爱你对她说话方式。3用which，不用that状况引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项好玩运动。Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示疑心。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中角色，这当然使别人不欢乐。干脆放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要工具，没有它，人们便无法沟通。巧记that和which区分：that，which可互换，以下请况勿照办；that状况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；要用which别焦急，介词提早逗隔离。6、关系代词who与that区分1领先行词是he、people、those等时，引导词常用who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非英雄。Those who are for me, put up your hands.同意我人请举手。I'll never forget the people who have helped me.我将恒久不会遗忘那些扶植过我人。2当引导词作定语从句表语时常用that。She isn't the little girl that she used to be.她再也不是过去那个小姑娘了。He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助人。7、as用法1as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天运用那种工具。(作宾语)Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去很多运开工程同如今一样。(作表语)Dont read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要读那些不值得读书，只去读那些你能读懂书就可以了。He lent me as much money as he had.她把全部钱借给了我。Repeat this as often as is necessary.依据须要反复这样做。(作主语)2suchthat与suchas“suchthat表示“如此以致意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“suchas表“像这样意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。高中英语定语从句用法讲解He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此醇厚人以致于我们都敬重他。He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我煤泥烘干机们所敬重这种醇厚人。3the samethat与the same as“the samethat表同一人或物，而“the sameas表同种类东西。试比较以下两个句子：This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失那本书。指同一本书This is the same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。并不是原来那一本4as 引导非限制性定语从句as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.众所周知，月球一月绕地球一周土工格栅。8、but 用法but既可指人，又可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but 本身含“否认意思，其作用相当于“that/which/whonot。它前面主句必需有“否认词(如no, not, little, few, hardly等)。but引导确定定语从句和否认主句连用，通过双重否认到达剧烈确定效果。There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who doesnt love her children.)没有不爱自己子女母亲。There were few people but were hurt.(= There were few people who/that were not hurt.)几乎没有人不受伤。9、than用法than既可指人，又可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句，than前通常有比较级词。Dont give children more money than is needed.给孩子们钱不要超过所需。He has got more than he asked for.他所得到比他所要求还要多。Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参与晚会挚友比我们意料还要少。四、关系副词英语中关系副词有where，when，why等。1、when用法when指时间，修饰表时间先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热月份。He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚来时，我出去了。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours你还记得十年前一个下午，我到你家借项链事吗2、where用法where指地点，修饰表地点先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。高中英语定语从句用法讲解After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到他童年时生活小城镇。I can still remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening.我还记得那间我妈妈和我晚上常坐在一起起居室。She will go home where she can rest.她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。One morning, an elephant was led down the road where they stood.一天上午，有人赶着一头象沿着他们站立那条路走过来。留意：先行词为表示时间、地点名词时，关系词不确定都用when或where。假如关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用关系代词whch或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观那家工厂。I won't forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我恒久不会遗忘我在农村度过那段时间。3、why用法why指缘由，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作缘由状语。This is the reason why he did so. 这就是他这样做了理由。Do you know the reason why he left early你知道香椿苗他为什么早走吗？巧记定语从句用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完好。从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which领先用。关系代词有that，定人定物有本事。定时间要用when，定地点where行。关系代(副)词作成分，唯作宾语可以省。五、“介词关系代词用法1、介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和缘由状语介词+which在关系分句中分别作时间，地点和缘由状语，代替相应关系副词when，where和why。I still remember the day on which (=when)I first came to school.我仍旧记得初来学校那一天。The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作工厂是一个大厂子。This is the reason for which(=why)he was put in prison.这就是他为什么被关起来缘由。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.在办公室里，我好像知道五点半从有时间，在此前很多人都已回家了。留意：关系代词that在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它前面，只能放在从句中有关动词后面。The village that she lives in is 100 metres away. 她住在100米远土工布村庄里。2、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒置。一定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。   关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。     关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.  该句中，who is  shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who是引导定语从句关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二关系代词引导定语从句1who  指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.    正在踢足球男孩是一班。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.   想去博物馆人必需在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.      昨天我扶植了一位迷路老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.         那就是教我们物理老师。2whom  指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.      刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上议论那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.      李明正是我想要见男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.      你正在等教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.    老师常常表扬那个女孩是我们班长。 留意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。       The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.   足球是大多数男孩所喜爱运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.   制造计算机那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.   他喜爱外国作家写书。The house which is by the lake looks nice.   湖边那幢房子看上去很美丽。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.   这是他昨天买钢笔。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.   他们昨晚看电影一点意思也没有。4That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.   每年来参观这座城市人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning   我今日早上看到那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.   你介绍给我那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.   春天以后季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.   昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚信。5Whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我探望了一个全国知名科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   他有一个爸爸当医生挚友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.   我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了房子里。留意：指物时，常用以下构造来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellowDo you like the book the cover of which is yellow  三“介词+关系代词引导定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.  他曾经就读过学校很知名。Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球男孩。Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们常常议论著名歌颂家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作那家公司经理非常留意改善我们工作条件。留意： 含有介词短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.    (正)     这是我正在找手表。This is the watch for which I am looking .    (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.    (正)  那个保姆照看小宝宝们都很安康。The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.   误假设介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不行用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不行用that。关系代词是全部格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.    (正)  你刚刚跟他谈话那个人是我邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.    (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐飞机实在很舒适。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (误)“介词+关系代词前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.   他深深地爱着他父母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.    篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.       我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.       迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活。词关系代词引导定语从句特例1). ， .of +关系代词。2)which 代替this/that/the四关系副词引导定语从句1  when  指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。     I still remember the day when I first came to this school.       我仍旧记得我第一次来到这所学校那一天。     The time when we got together finally arrived.       我们团聚时刻最终到了。     October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.       1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立日子。     Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.       你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活那些年吗？2  where  指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.  上海是我诞生城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  我十年前住房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm wh