人教版新目标八年级英语上册单元知识详解全册2.docx

1、How often do you exercise？【重要词组】how often 多久一次 as for至于，关于 junk food 垃圾食品 eating habit 饮食习惯 of course 当然 look after 照看，照看 start with 以开场make a difference 使得结果不同，有重要 go shopping 去购物 have a party 聚会 go to the movie 去看电影 once a week 每周一次 hardly ever 很少 twice a week 每周两次 three times a week 每周三次 watch TV看电视 on weekend 在周末 do homework 做作业 a lot of 很多 try to do试图（努力）做某事 help sb (to) do sth.扶植某人做某事 the same as和一样 keep in good health 保持身体安康【重要词句详解】1. Lets look at the following words and their usage（让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）.always 始终，总是       usually 通常 often  常常      sometimes 有时候 hardly ever 很少，几乎没有     never 从不这些词都是表示频率的副词, 但是在程度上有差异。通常用于一般如今时。如：    I always have some milk for my breakfast.  我早餐总是喝牛奶。    He usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning.  他通常早上6：30起床。    He often does homework before dinner time.  他常常晚餐前做作业。    He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。    I hardly /ever eat out at noon. 我很少中午在外就餐。    I never arrive late for school. 我从没有到校晚过。Seldom/rarelyseldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词oftenrarely,很少地，难得地，少见地 He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。I rarely eat in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭。2. 英语中表次数的用法    once一次,  twice两次,   three times三次,  four times四次     我们可以看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成。    另外同学们还要记住以下词组：    once （twice） a day/ week/ month/ year每天（周/月/年）一（两）次  3. all, most, some, no 的用法及差异。  all “全部的，全体的”    All students do homework after school.    Last night, I cooked all the vegetables in the fridge.    most “大多数的” Most students play computer games on weekends.    some “一些” Some students go to English movies every day.    no “没有”，留意这里no是形容词。 No students read English novels.    我们可以看出：    all, most, some, no 放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。  6. How many hours do you sleep every night 你每天晚上睡几个小时？    这是一个特殊疑问句。“How many +名词”构成了特殊疑问词。    留意：How many 后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g.    How many apples do you have    How many students are there in your class    假如名词是不行数名词，要用“How much +不行数名词”。 e.g.    How much milk do you drink each time    How much water do we need every day【课文解析3a】 1 pretty表示“特别”作副词用，我们以前学过quite和very也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quiteprettyverye.g. He is quite serious It sounds pretty good Nina can sing English songs very well 2I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school 我每天熬炼身体，通常是放学后。 3 eating habits“饮食习惯”。 4 try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事”。 Try to get here early He tried to pass the exam 5 ten to eleven times a week“每周十到十一次”。 留意这种表达。“to”为介词。 翻译：（1）两到三次。 twice to three times （2）每月四到五次。four to five times a month 6 Of course “当然”。 7 So you see, I look after my health“所以你看，我很在意我的安康”。 look after 意为“照看、照看”。e.g. Can you look after my baby when I leave Please look after your own bags carefully look还可以和很多词搭配，但意思不一样。 （1）look at“看，仔细地看”。e.g. Please look at the blackboard Some people are looking at the notice （2）look for“找寻”。e.g. Old Henry looked for his dogs, but he didnt find it Im looking for my lost pen 8 Good food and exercise help me to study better好的饮食和熬炼扶植我学得更好。 help sb. to do sth. better扶植某人把某事做得更好。e.g.She helps me to know the information for going abroad better.她帮我更好地理解到出国的信息。help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事。e.g.Stella helps me with my history.【重要句型】  1. What do you usually do on weekends 你通常周末做什么？  2. I usually play soccer. 我通常踢足球。  3. What does he do on weekends他周末做什么？  4. He sometimes watches TV. 他有时候看电视。  5. How often do you shop 你多长时间购物一次？  6. I shop once a month. 我一个月购物一次。  7. How often does he watch TV他多长时间看一次电视？  8. He watches TV twice a week. 他每周看两次电视。【由how often谈起】我们已经学习了always, usually, often, sometimes, never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如：We usually get up at half past six 我们通常六点半起床。Sometimes he goes to see his grandpa on weekends 周末，他有时候去探望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不行能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或别人的一些行动，或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题，恳求对方答复。在这种状况下，我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话：1 How often do you play football   I usually play football after school2 How often does Mary go to the concert   She often goes to it on Saturday evening3How often does my daughter take the medicine  Three times a day不知大家是否留意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时，都要用how often。换句话说，假如要答复由how often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等来答复。e.g.4 How often do you borrow books from the library   Twice a month5 How often does your mother do the washing   She does it every day6 How often can you go to the movie   Once a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线局部提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线局部提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等提问的句子。这时候自然要用how often来提问了。e.g.Jack watches TV three times a week How often does Jack watch TVOur school has a sports meeting twice a year How often does your school have a sports meeting要留意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其构造是：How often+助动词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：How often+系动词 be+主语 +其它成分？How often 和How long     1） How often do you watch TV 你多长时间看一次电视？    答复可以是下面的任何一种：    Every day./ Once a week./Three times a week./ Often./     2）How long do you usually watch TV你通常看多长时间电视？     答复可以是下面的任何一种：    About one hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./    从以上例句中可以看出：    how often 意为“多久一次”；how long 意为“多长时间”。【语法学问聚焦】一般如今时The Simple Present Tense 一般如今时的特殊疑问句    Lets look at the following sentences first（让我们先看看下面的句子）.    1) What do you usually do on weekends     2) What does he do on weekends    3) How often do you shop     4) How often does he watch TV    5) How many hours do you sleep every night    一般如今时的特殊疑问句的构成：    特殊疑问词+一般疑问句这里的特殊疑问词指 what, what time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how  many, how much, how long, how often一般如今时表示如今的状态He is twelve. 他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。表示常常性或习惯性的动作I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.表示主语具备的性格和实力等She likes apples .They speak Japanese. She is medium build.确定式I am a cleaner. You are right. He / She / It is here. We / You / They are outgoing 否认式 I am not a You are not He / She / It is not We / You / They are not否认式和疑问式We go to school at seven every day. We dont go to school at seven.Do you go to school at seven Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）否认式和疑问式He goes to school at seven every day. He doesnt go to school at seven.Does he go to school at sevenYes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)一般如今时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般如今时常和以下时辰表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morningShe sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on Sundays.动词第三人称单数的构成：1、干脆加-slooklooks readreads playplaysstopstops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加-esmissmissesfixfixes watchwatcheswashwashes gogoes do-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加-escarry carries study studies hurry hurries cry cries4.特殊的have - has Detailed Solution for Unit 2 Whats the matter. 【重要词组】 have a cold  患感冒 stressed out  惊慌的，有压力的 bean sprout   豆芽 get tired  感觉乏累 stay healthy   保持安康 at the moment   此刻，如今 get/ have a cold   患感冒 see a doctor /dentist  看医生/牙医 go to the party    去参与聚会 make sb sick    使某人不舒适(患锁病) have a sore throat    嗓子痛 have a fever    发烧，发热 have a toothache 牙痛 have a backache背痛 lie down and rest 躺下休息 drink lots of water 喝大量水 drink hot tea with honey     喝热蜂蜜茶 have a headache 头痛 get tired         累了   医院名称：    childrens hospital  儿童医院        clinic  诊疗所    first - aid station  急救站           ward  病房    medical department  内科              surgical department  外科    registration office  挂号处           out - patient department(OPD) 门诊部    in - patient department  住院部       nursing department  护理部    waiting room  候诊室                   emergency room  急诊室    operation room  手术室                 laboratory  化验室blood bank  血库                       pharmacy , dispensary  药房表示感觉的形容词有：tired 累的  thirsty口渴的  hungry饿的 stressed out惊慌的，有压力的 【重要词句详解】1. How to talk about our health    问某人哪儿不舒适：      When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask :      Whats wrong (with you)       Whats the matter (with you)       Whats your trouble       What happens to you       Is there anything wrong with you 都表示“你怎么了”。还有可能有如下的问法:Whats your trouble, young man 年轻人, 你哪里不舒适When did it start 从何时开场生病的？How are you (feeling) now 你如今觉得怎么样Are you feeling better today 你今日好些了吗Have you got a headache/a cough 你头痛/咳嗽吗When did you feel unwell 你什么时候觉得不舒适的When did the pain start 难过何时开场的Did you sleep well 你睡得好吗Do you feel tired你觉得疲惫吗How long have you been like this你像这样有多久了Did you eat anything for breakfast你早饭吃什么了    叙述病情：      There is something wrong with my tooth .     我的牙出问题了。      Doctor , Im not feeling well(I dont feel very well).    医生，我感到不舒适。      I feel terrible .      我很难过。I feel very ill .      我感觉病得很重。I feel even worse.我感到状况更糟了。      This place hurts . (Ive got a pain here)     这个地方疼。My leg hurts .    我腿疼。Theres something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有缺点了。I dont feel like eating .    我不想吃东西。I dont feel like eating anything. 我什么都不想吃.      I have a cold .    我感冒了。I have a fever .    我发烧了。I have a headache .   我头疼。I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。I dream too much. 我的梦特殊多。I cant fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着。It began two days ago. 两天前开场的。I dont feel any better now. 我觉得没有什么好转。I had noodles for lunch today. 今日午饭我吃的是面条。    处置或提出建议：Open your mouth , please .            张开嘴。Open your mouth and say "Ah-.  张嘴说 "啊- "。I want to take your temperature .     我想测测你的体温。Let me take your temperature.         让我给你量量体温。Take this medicine three times a day .    这个药一天吃三次。Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片,每天两次。Take the medicine after meals. 饭后服药。     Take three pills before you go to bed .    睡前服用三片。     Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow .     最好卧床休息到明天。Drink lots of / more water and have a good rest .    多喝水，好好休息。You should drink a lot of water.   你应当多喝水。You should lie down and rest .     卧床多休息。Have a good rest.好好休息。     You should drink hot tea with honey .     你应当喝加蜂蜜的热茶。     You should see a dentist .       你应当去看牙医。You should go to bed early .     你应当早点上床（休息）。Theres nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题。You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒。You have to be in hospital.你得住院。Youd better stay in bed for a few days.你最好卧床几天。Youd better not eat too much sugar.你最好别吃太多的糖。Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, youll feel much healthier.少吃些,多熬炼,不久你的身体就会安康得多。Youll soon be all right. 你很快就会康复的。I hope you feel better soon. 我盼望你很快就会好起来。Try to relax before you go to sleep.睡觉前尽量放松一下。  2.情态动词should的用法：    1)表“建议、应当”，其否认形式为shouldnt .它用于全部人称。在其后应为动词原形。    You should wait a little more . 你应当再多等一会儿。    He should tell me about it .    他应当告知我这件事。    2) 在表示要求、吩咐时，语气由should（应当）、had better（最好）、must（必需）渐渐加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应当”。  3.have a cold感冒，还可以说get a cold .     I have a very bad cold . 我得了重感冒。    在这里cold是名词，因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说：I have got a very bad cold . 或：I have had a very bad cold .  4I have a headache 我头痛。  5He has a stomachache 他胃痛。  6She has a toothache 她牙疼。    She should see a dentist 她应当去看牙医。  7.He shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours . 他不应在24小时内吃任何东西。     在这里因为是否认句，因此不用something，而用anything，同some和any的区分一样，something用于确定句中，而anything用于否认或疑问句中，如：    Theres something wrong with him .    他出问题了，或他病了。     Is there anything I can help     我能帮助吗？     Do you have any brothers     你有兄弟吗？     I have some good friends .    我有些好挚友。     I never have any fun .     我从没什么乐趣。（never是否认词，因此我们用any，不用some）  8.Whats the matter with you     你怎么了？     with是个介词，后边可以跟名词或代词。     Whats the matter with Sonja     Sonja怎么了？  9.I am not feeling well .     feel well,well表示“好”，这里不能用“good”。  10.Shes tired . 她很累。    tired是个形容词，可以说feel tired感到很累，或说get tired。She feels tired. 或She gets tired .  11. Im not feeling very well at the moment .at the moment的用法:1）用于如今时态中，意思为“此刻”，e.g.      I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙。     2）用于过去时中，表示“当时”，e.g.I was busy at the moment . 我当时很忙。   1“Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy ”传统的中医认为要保持安康须要一种阴和阳的平衡。    其中a balance of平衡，keep a balance of保持一个平衡    如：keep a balance of nature保持自然（生态）平衡。    be healthy，keep healthy，stay healthy都是保持安康的意思。（healthy是形容词，其名词形式为health）  2“eat hot yang foods”“吃阳性的食物(补养)”    “food”表示各种各样的食物时，是可数名词。e.g.    There are many kinds of foods in the shop 商店里有各种各样的食品。    类似这种用法的单词有：fruit, fish等。e.g.    I know many fishes in the river 我知道河里有多种鱼。    Apples and bananas are different fruits 苹果和香蕉是不同种类的水果。  3 ，are you often weak and tired 你常常虚弱疲惫吗？   4Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃中草药党参和黄芪对这（阴虚者）有好处。5 have too much yang     too much和too many都表示很多；much修饰不行数名词，如water , money等；many修饰可数名词的复数，如students , flowers等。lives是名词life的复数形式。e.g.    There were too many people here So it was crowded     Dont play computer games You spend too much time on it     Im full, because I eat too much food   6 beef意思是“牛肉”；lamb意思是“羔羊肉”。    词语扩展：chicken鸡肉;fish鱼肉;mutton羊肉;pork猪肉;meat用来泛指“肉类”。表示“肉”的这些词均为不行数名词，但它们有的有可数的用法，意思有所变更，如“lamb”表示“羊羔”，“chicken”表示“小鸡”，“fish”表示鱼的种类，或“鱼”。  7Its important to eat a balanced diet .吃（养分）平衡的食物是很重要的。balanced在此处是形容词，表示“平衡的”。It是形式主语，真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”，但因主语太长，为了句子平衡，将主语用it代替，这是it的又一功能。“Its +adj+to do ”句型，意思是“做什么事样”。e.g.    Its difficult to work out this math problem     Its useful to speak English     Its not easy to keep healthy     Is it interesting to play soccer【重要句型】  1. Whats the matter          怎么了？  2. I have a headache .           我头疼。  3. You should go to bed .        你应当上床了。  4. Thats a good idea .         那倒是个好办法。     或That sounds like a good idea . 听起来是个好办法。  5. I have a sore back .