人教版新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点1.docx

人教版新目的八年级上册 英语语法学问点（一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）构造：表示准备、准备做的事情或者确定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 构造表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow 根本构成如下：一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday （2）there be 构造的一般疑问句：Will there + be Will there be fewer trees Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否认句构成：will + not （wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特别疑问句构成： 特别疑问词will主语？What will Sarah do next Sunday 练一练根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later） _ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否认句干脆在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应当少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她常常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应当多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机嬉戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you （5）What about doing sth. （6）Youd better do sth. 练一练 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should2. shouldnt3. should4. should5. should（三）过去进展时 过去进展时表示过去某一点时间正在进展的动作或者过去某一段时间内始终进展的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进展时的标记词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里始终在做那件事情。）练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. 答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking5. was having; called（四）间接引语形成步骤： （1）不要逗号，冒号，引号 （2）要考虑到人称的改变（人称的改变与汉语是一样的） （3）要考虑时态的改变 （4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的改变。 1. 干脆引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的改变规律干脆引语间接引语一般如今时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时如今进展时过去进展时 2. 干脆引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的改变规律干脆引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading请转述别人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike） 4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五）if引导的条件状语从句构造：if一般如今时，主语将来时含义：假如，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 假如你恳求他，他会扶植你。 If need be, well work all night. 假如须要，我们就干个通宵。 练一练 根据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 假如你参与聚会，你将会过得很快乐。 If you _ the party, you _. 2. 假如明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 假如你常常听英文歌，你将会喜爱英语的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路（一）题型分类与特点 完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保存的局部，从所给的短文整体动身，在正确理解短文意思的根底上，根据句子和句子间的内在联络、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连接、构造完好。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必需留意到短文中上、下文意思连接、词语搭配和语法构造正确，所以在空格上所填的词必需符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的根本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格供应若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的根底上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言学问，从所供应的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完好正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期供应一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项根本都属于一样或对等的词类，给断定选择带来确定的干扰，侧重考察了考生精确运用词汇的实力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理实力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱依次，不按原文依次排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。（A） Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “May I have a day off 5 ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didnt you 6 it just now ”“Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off ”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! ”（ ）1. A. butB. andC. orD. for（ ）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought（ ）3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr（ ）4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD. knock（ ）5. A. alsoB. againC. tooD. once（ ）6. A. speakB. tellC. sayD. do（ ）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday（ ）8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing（ ）9. A. withB. onC. inD. by（ ）10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD. were teaching（B） 请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完好，有些词要根据须要作适当的词形改变。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _（3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _（5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（8）your parents. They are the people who _（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _（10）of each other. 完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的根底上才开场断定选择，切忌仓促下笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的根底上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联络上、下文内容，留意从上、下文的语法构造和词语搭配及从选择项中找寻解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子构造入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进展综合考虑，对备选项逐一进展分析、比拟和挑选，解除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。比照拟明显干脆的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，接着往下做，最终回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深化，可以降低试题的难度，进步选择的正确率。 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空仔细复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连接、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发觉错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读短文、理解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，理解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，擅长以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推想全文主题及大意。 2. 复读短文、确定语义、推断词形。把握短文大意后再仔细复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的学问，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，推断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再根据词语搭配和语法规则，推断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连接思索。把所填的答案放入短文中进展检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一样、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确无误等进展综合验证，凡有疑问必需重新推敲考虑。