高中英语必修4第一单元知识点.docx

必修四 unit oneachieve tivvt. 完成；到达【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力，任何事情都能成功。【考点聚焦】同义词：accomplish v. 完成任务等；2名词：achievement 成就；功绩entertainentertainment,movemovement,equipequipment,judgejudg(e)mentm,等。3achieve的常见搭配：我的记忆卡achieve success获得成功achieve victory获得成功achieve ones purpose到达目的achieve ones aim 实现目的achieve a good result 得到好的结果achieve ones goal 实现某人的目的2) mean的用法 Mean doing sth. 意味着做 Eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time. mean to do sth 准备做某事 eg. Do you mean to go without money behave bheIv vt. & vi.举动；举止；行为表现【经典例句】 He behaved with great courage in the battle.他在这次战斗中表现得特别英勇。【考点聚焦】 1) behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为；表现；misbehavio(u)rn. 不良行为2)常用搭配：behave oneself 使举止好；使举止规则worthwhile w：(h)wal adj.值得花时间精力的；有价值的【经典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.参观这个博物馆是值得的。【考点聚焦】1)区分worthwhile及worth，worthy的用法：worthwhile意为“值得，指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。如：It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.=Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读。但不行以说The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示“价值时，后接价值数量词；当表示“值得时，后接名词、代词或动名词不能接不定式,常用well修饰，不用very。如：This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.这台笔记本电脑值10 000元,很值得买。worthy表示“值得时，常作表语，构造为 worthy of sth.。如：It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是一份高尚的事业，值得我们努力。worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式，构造分别是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如：The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.这次事务值得纪念。observe zv vt. 视察；观测；遵守【经典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline.我们应当严格遵守纪律。1同根词：observer n. 视察者observation n. 视察；观测2)observe的用法：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他们被留意着进了银行。The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.这个男孩留意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事。(3) 实行仪式等，庆贺节日等 Do you observe Christmas Day_in your country 你们国家的人庆贺圣诞节吗？3)当表示“看时，observe，watch，see，notice的区分：observe 相当于watch carefully，指从不同的角度长时间地看并探讨，尤其用于试验或探讨等场合，如observe the stars视察星星，observe the behavior of birds视察鸟类的习性等；watch意为“看；观看，特殊留意、感爱好地看运动着的东西。如 watch TV看电视，watch a game观看竞赛等；7.work out Eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.(理解，说出) Things have worked out badly. 进展，开展 Work out his income 算出 Work out a plan 制定，拟定 argue a：gju： vi.争论；辩论 vt. 争论；劝服【经典例句】 He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他认为这项试验可以换一种方法做。2)argue 的用法：因为和争论,如：They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他们正就外交政策及官员们进展辩论。argue+that 从句,如：We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争我们应当得到更高的薪水。argue for/against提出理由支持/反对，如：He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.他反对用动物做这个试验。entertainment nttennt n.款待；消遣；消遣表演例句】 This is a serious novel，not an entertainment.这是一本肃穆的小说，不是消遣读物。【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：entertain v. 款待；款待；使快乐；给消遣；entertaining adj.使人开心的；好玩的2)及entertainment相关的词组：provide entertainment for. 为供应消遣give an entertainment to sb.款待某人inspire nspa vt. 鼓舞；感动；激发；启示【经典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune.白求恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞。【考点聚焦】 1)名词：inspiration n. 灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人2)inspire的用法：His speech inspired us.他的发言鼓舞了我们。He inspired me to try again. 他激励我再试一次。3)inspiring 和inspired 的区分：The students were all inspired by the inspiring song.学生们都被这首激昂人心的歌曲所鼓舞。communication kmjunken n. 通讯；通信；沟通【经典例句】 He has been in communication with his family.他始终及家里保持联络。strike strak v. 打击；打动n. 罢工；攻击【经典例句】 The union leaders called on a strike.工会指导号召罢工。【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：striker n. 罢工者；打击者；striking adj.惹人注目的；打击的；stike的过去式是struck，过去分词是struck或stricken,如今分词是striking。2)strike 的其他一些词义：vt. 打；敲；击；攻击；击中；划火柴。如：I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上。vt. 突然想起；某种想法突然出现；给人留下印象。如：An idea suddenly struck me.我突然心生一计。consideration knsdren n. 考虑；谅解【经典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考虑许久以后，他同意了他们的恳求。【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：considerate adj.爱护人的；谅解人的；considered adj.经过深思熟虑的；considering prep. 考虑到；就而论2动词 considervt.考虑；认为的用法：后接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句。如：Im considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。 接动名词take sth. into consideration 考虑到 Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging your paper.deliver dlv vt. 递送；生小孩；发表演说等【经典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天给我们作了个讲座。【考点聚焦】 1)名词：delivery n. 投递;发送;分娩2)deliver作“生小孩解时及bear的区分：She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个安康的男孩儿。bear作“生育解时是及物动词，如：She bore (has borne)six children. 她生了六个孩子。短语·巧记·典句·考点 either.or 不是就是【经典例句】 She is either drunk or mad.她不是醉了就是疯了。2)在either.or的句子中，谓语动词的单复数依据就近的主语而定。如：Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass.不是你就是你的双胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。同类用法有：neither.nor 两者都不neither.nor 的反义词为both.and “两者都，谓语动词那么为复数。be determined to do sth.决心做某事【经典例句】 We are determined to succeed this time.这次我们决心要获得成功。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组：make up ones mind (to do sth.)2)determine vt. 使确定；确定，其用法如下：determine+不定式，如：He determined to learn English.他确定学英语。determine+从句，如：He determined that he would leave.他确定分开。3)be determined to do sth.短语中determined是形容词，意为“坚决的，还可作定语。如：Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位坚毅的女性，给我们树立了好典范。argue for 供应支持的理由，为支持而辩论【经典例句】 The workers argued for the right to strike.工人们为争取罢工的权利而辩论。【考点聚焦】 1)常用搭配：argue with sb.about (over)sth.及某人辩论某事，如：They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.他们正和同班同学争论这个难题的解决方案。2)留意argue后面的介词for 和against分别表示不同的含义：Some people argue for free trade.一些人为支持自由贸易辩论。Some people argue against free trade.一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。look down upon/on 看不起，轻视例句】 I hope you dont look down upon/on this kind of work.我盼望你不要看不起这种工作。反义词组：think highly of2)以look为核心构成的短语:care for 喜爱；照看【经典例句】 Do you care for art 你喜爱艺术吗？【考点聚焦】 1)care for作“照看解时,同义词是look after，take care of。2)care for及 care about，take care，take care of的区分：care about指“ 担忧；关切；take care 常用于口语中，意为“注意；留意；或用于分别时或信末时表示“保重；take care of指“照看；照料；爱护；3)当care for 表示“喜爱；想要时，常用于疑问句或否认句。as well as 除之外还；也；和【经典例句】 It is important for you as well as for me.这对于你我同样重要。【考点聚焦】 驾驭as well as 及 as well，as good as 的区分：as well as相当于介词，用于确定句中，起连接作用。当主语后面跟有as well as引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was excited.老师和学生一样冲动。as well指“也；又，用于确定句句尾，相当于too，also。如：He is a scientist，but he is a poet as well.他是一个科学家，也是一个诗人。as good as 指“几乎是；等于是。如：He is as good as dead.他几乎是半死不活了。devote.to 把奉献给【经典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education.他将全部生命献给了教化事业。2)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；用心于；沉溺于。如：He devoted himself completely to work.他用心于工作。3) 1)devote oneself /sth. to (doing；致力于如:He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了为人类谋福利。devoted (adj.) 深爱的，一心一意的，忠实的a devoted friendShe is devoted to her family. 她深爱她的家庭。句子·剖析·拓展Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的方案。这是一个倒装句。正常语序的陈述句应当是位于句首修饰状语时，主句用倒装构造。“Only + 状语开头的句子要用倒装 Eg. Only in this way can we learn English better Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误 For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals简·古多尔扶植世界上的其别人理解并敬重这些动物的生活。【剖析】 1这个句子用的是如今完成进展时，其构造是havehas+ been+动词-ing形式，它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态始终持续到如今，可能还会再进展下去。2)the rest of的后面可接可数名词，也可接不行数名词，但要留意其后面接的词的单复数，以便确定后面动词的单复数形式。如：The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的钱都给了他的儿子。The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失踪了。【拓展】辨析：如今完成时及如今完成进展时如今完成时表示动作开始于过去，到如今已经完成了，并且对如今产生了确定影响或结果。如：What have you done 你干了什么？I have broken a teapot.我打碎了一把茶壶。而如今完成进展时更强调动作的持续性。如：What have you been doing 你始终在做什么？I have been practising the piano.我始终在练弹钢琴。I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我没有意识到我的作业竟会变更我的生活。【剖析】 这是一个以that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，was to change属于“be+不定式构造，此处表示“不行防止的、将要发生的、命中注定的事。如：We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我们当时确信他会成为一位重要人物。【拓展】1“be+动词不定式通常用来表示“方案、准备=be going to。如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.这条铁路将在国庆节通车。2“be+动词不定式还可表示吩咐，意为“必需；不得不。如：You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完作业才能看电视。It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when womens education was always placed second to mens.这想法闪电般地划过我的脑海，在那长远的年头，当妇女的教化总是次于男性的时候，一个女子去学医确定是相当困难的。1)在这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语很长，是由how difficult引导的主语从句。2)how difficult引导的主语从句中还包含一个由when引导的定语从句，修饰so long ago。3)“must have+过去分词用来表示对过去某种状况的推想，可能性极大，意为“确定，确定发生了某事，只用于确定句，在疑问句或否认句中常用can/could代替。如：Where can John have put the matches He cant have thrown them away.约翰把火柴放到哪里去了？他不行能把火柴扔了。Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我理解到，是苦干、决心亲善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。1)本句主干构造是：reading made me realize that.。是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的构造。2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school是一个由that引导的宾语从句，作realize的宾语；从句中还有一个以it was that.开头的强调句，被强调的部分是 hard work，determination 和good nature。3)further是形容词far的比较级。far的另一个比较级是farther。farther意思是 “间隔 、时间上更远，further意思是“更远或“程度上更进一步。如：Can you go any farther 你还走得动吗？【拓展】 强调句型1)强调的成分有主语、宾语、宾补，还可以强调时间状语、地点状语、缘由状语或方式状语，但不能强调句子的谓语动词。连接词均用that(强调人时可用who)，而不用when，where，why等。强调句在强调主语时，that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一样。假如强调疑问词，应当把疑问词放在句首。如：It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.在隔壁唱歌的是我父母。When is it that well hold a meeting我们开会是在什么时候？2)强调句中的谓语动词be可以演化为might be或must have been等形式。如：It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.我们大约在明天到达。3)not.until.句式的强调句形式为It wasnt until.that.。如：It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成这本书。(原句为：I didnt finish the book until yesterday.)语法·剖析主谓一样所谓主谓一样就是在句子中，谓语动词必需在人称和数上和主语保持一样。主语一样的状况假如表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有养分的。两个作主语的名词或代词由or，not only.but also.，either.or.，neither.nor.连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近原那么，及后面那个主语的人称和数保持一样。如：Neither you nor he is late.你和他都没有迟到。由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语，其主语有every，each，no，many a等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.全部的老师和同学都对保藏感爱好。当主语是单数的时候，即使其后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，like，besides，but，except，in addition to等词引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了。2单一名词作主语时的主谓一样有些学科名词，在形式上虽然是复数形式，但其本质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。谚语表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了。动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，从句作主语时也用单数形式。如：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。百闻不如一见有些集体名词既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，假如它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；假如作为假设干个体来理解，那么谓语动词用复数形式。如：Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦。Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园。其他状况的主谓一样1the+形容词“the+形容词表类别、一类人或物，当它表示一类人时谓语动词用复数，当它表示一类物时谓语动词用单数。如：The beauty is hers.这些美丽的玩意是她的。表物2在one of+复数名词或代词+从句这样的构造中，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One of them is American. 他们当中有一个是美国人。可用于这样构造的还有：neither of，either of，each of等。3none ofnone of后面假如连接的是不行数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。假如后面接的是可数名词，那么谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。如：None of his classmates knowsknowthe truth.他的同学都不知道事情的真相。4number ofnumber of前加a表示“很多的、大量的，其后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。number of前加the表示数量、数目，其后无论接可数名词还是不行数名词，谓语动词都用单数形式。如：A number of people have moved into new houses.很多人搬进了新居。The number of students in class is thirty.教室里有30人在上课。5there be+并列主语在there be+并列主语这一句型中，一般状况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近原那么，及最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一样。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一枝笔和两本书。6many a/more than one.many a/more than one +单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“不止一个。如：Many a student is having practice.很多同学正在练习。More than one student was late for school.昨天不止一个人上学迟到了。more than twothree.+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“两个三个以上。如：More than two students were late for school yesterday.昨天有两个以上的学生迟到了。7主语为表示间隔 、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远。8分数或百分数+of+词组在分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如：Two fifths of students are girls.有五分之二的学生是女生。Ten percent of families owns a car.10%的家庭有小汽车。