牛津英语上海初二英语上册知识点2.docx

牛津英语上海版 初二英语上册学问点（短语、句型）MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般如今时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用如今进展时，构造是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next.用一般将来时，构造：will + v原 be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天, write down 写下，登记write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么样 each other 相互.thanks a lot= thank you very much特别谢谢答复That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原.=why not+.V原 为什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面扶植别人 help sb. (to )do sth.扶植某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的扶植help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（如今没有做，做过）watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事 forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事welcome back欢送回来 , new term新学期this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议 why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误correct spelling正确的拼法, what else=what other things 还有什么a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采纳别人的建议,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取 send up放射. all the time始终enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得开心lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不行数)很多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间 ask for 恳求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块enjoy doing sth喜爱做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面 else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。全部格为else's.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold one's breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事,the number of 的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，很多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发觉做某事怎么样 try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,look for 找寻, look after=care for=take care of照看look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth. 渴望，期盼做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,look out留神，向外看 , look through细致查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为, be ready打算好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.打算做某事，乐意做某事 translateinto 将译成，take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，be good for 对有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长 Think of想起，think about想出， think over细致考虑，else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk及谁说，4,tell告知，讲解并描述，四看，1,watch观看电视，竞赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景， 3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、竞赛，但凡表演用watch,observe细视察，一时留意用notice.make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.及某人交挚友，hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信， be bad for对有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 给写信， next to 在旁边，do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， learn sth from sb.向某人学习choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,match with把和搭配起来建议：1.why don't you do sth=why not do sth 2.How about doing sth=what about doing sth 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do 9.would you like to do 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth.答复：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.MODULE2 如今完成时：1.表示过去发生的动作对如今造成的影响，或结果，常及recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；2.表示发生在过去并且始终持续到如今的动作或状态，常及for+时间段或since+时间点连用。构造：have(has)+过去分词，get into=enter进入, what's the price of =how much is 问价格dream about梦到, dream of 梦见, around the world=all over the world全世界,stay with sb.及某人呆一起 stay at home呆在家里,stay in bed呆在床上 , walk to =go toon foot步行去take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,come ture实现, fly to =go to .by plane(by air),坐飞机drive to =go to by car开车， at the end of在终点/结尾sell out 卖光, at the end 在完毕时,have been to去过（如今不在那儿） ,have gone to 去了（如今不在说话地）everyday English日常英语， first price一等奖，The most exciting experience最激烈人心的经验， before long不久，long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem没问题，have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， work out a problem解决一个问题，invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day某一天（将来） ,连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become, get turn，四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的， by the end of 到末为止，不迟于give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会in the end =finally最终，最终，take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭buy,makesuch+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特别，“小”用such,少用so.) 交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go.by+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on); walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go .by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起，take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon.as. 相当于regard .as.把当成 in the photo,在照片里go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行 sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好 ,四个也：also,确定，行前be 后；too确定，句末；either,否认，句末；as well,确定，句末。go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,.的价格，形容价格用high,low。sell sth at a high price,以高价出售， sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。yet ,用于完成时态的否认句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得兴奋,would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已，用于完成时的确定,； yet,用于完成时的否认和疑问； just,用于完成时 just now=a moment ago用于过去时, arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch来回拿,more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于alone,个体单独，单独； lonely,孤独，孤独，也表示荒芜，most of. .的大多数, a visit to 对 .的参观, on a visit to.,参观. for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,探望 as .as.和.一样 not as .as.=not so .as 不如,so .that如此.以致于.假如that后是否认,就可以用too.to转换,假如是确定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.be famous for 因.面著名(缘由), be famous as以.身份或产地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜爱做某事,prefer to 更喜爱. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to 从.访问返回, be named after 以.的名字命名,be proud of 以.骄傲, be up to sb.由某人确定,up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因.公事,在.的上面 over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon 在.上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在.上方,高出,反义belowin the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,in the last three years在过去三年里,用于如今完成时,none 用于三个以上的全否认，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.及共享某物MODULE4 get on /along with sb,及.相处, get on well with sb.及.相处融洽hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact事实上,the Hope Schools,渴望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照看drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参与pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间how soon,多久 get on badly with ,及.相处不好hear from sb.收到某人的信，邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于如今完成时because of因为. , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb.给某人买东西 get an education承受教化,take part in=join参与, in good/bad health身体安康/不安康,care about关切,在乎, take care 留神,how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停顿做某事,stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学 point at 指着, point to 指向 put on one's clothes穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的扶植下without the help of sb.无人扶植的状况 at home and abroad在国内外 非持续性动词变为持续动词：buy-have open-be open join -be in borrow-keep die -be deadleave-be away come here-be here go there-be there begin-be onfinish-be over make friends-be friends get ready-be ready buy-get /have arrive/get to /reach/come-be in be at /stay, put on-have on /wear get up-be up可持续性动词不行以及for 或since 连用，非持续性动词的否认式也可以和for /since连用.other其他的，另外的，别的； another另一个人或事物；the other两个中的另一个； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，别的人或物MODULE 5 on earth ,原委，究竟，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否认句中相当于not .at all；a fan of ,.的迷 give a concert =give concerts,实行音乐会be famous for ,因.而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)be famous as ,作为.而著名(后+身份职业)at the age of =when sb.was.years old, 在.岁的时候not only.but also.不仅.而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb. 物属于人across ,从确定范围内的一边到另一边,外表进展through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进展;over上方通过,不接触外表;hear of 听说, be born诞生, go through穿过, I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure确定,make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,in addition to 除.以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,go on with sth.接着做某事, go on doing sth.接着做某事,die of 患.而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部缘由,die from由于.,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部缘由,learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,Learn.by heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from.从. 中汲取教训,反意疑问句:1.先断"定",推断是否认或确定.如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否认,后面该用确定.2.后找"动",视察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词干脆用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用4.确定祈使句，反问句局部可用will you /won't you ？否认祈使句，用will you ？5.Let's.用shall we let us.用will you,6.在think,believe,suppose+从句构造中，疑问句局部及从句保持一样，同时主句的否认转移到从句中; 但第二，三人称及主句保持一样：I don't think you have done it ,have you /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。7.答复只针对事实作答;Yes+确定 ,No+否认give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物,give in倒戈,give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,give a way to 对.让步, on the earth在地球上,both.and既.又. 就近原则 neither.nor既不.又不,就近原则either.or要么.要么.there be, not only.but also就近原则,may be可能是. maybe=perhaps或许,或许 In addition to .除.以外(还有) =besides, but 除.之外,常及否认意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除.之外(不包括)on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作on one's own单独 , be led by由.带着MODULE 6 过去进展时用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进展的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time, at 点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进展或两个持续性过去的动作同时进展,常及when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。构造：was /were +V-inggo on 接着, go on doing sth接着做某事(同一件事),go on to do sth 接着做某事(另一件事), go on with sth接着做同一件事,但中间暂停过,How is it going =How are you getting on /along近况如何 by the river,在河边at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,laugh at sb.讪笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入fall off 掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上fall in love with,爱上 be careful,留神by mistake由于出错 at that /this time在那/这时have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange没什么惊奇的，take sth. out of . 把.从.拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进展)under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去, think about 考虑, think of想起，认为 ,think over细致考虑, think out,想出think hard,努力想，努力思索 What happened to sb.某人发生了什么事？be on 上演， go off熄灭，停，英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后依次是“二、三、一”not .until直到.才.(主句中常用非持续性动词)till/until直到.为止(主句中常用持续性动词)something wrong with.,出了缺点, lie in bed 躺在床上,jump out of从.跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from .to,从.到.(动词+Ving)when,while ,as的区分 当.时候When可及持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可及短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻".主句的动作可以及从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.假如主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用WhenWhile表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必需为持续性动词,从句多用进展时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.假如主从句都是进展时,只能用Whileas及When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进展或同步开展.wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使激昂;使兴奋,follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向.的里面看,stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停顿做某事stop .from doing sth.阻挡.做某事, what kind