人教版新目标英语八年级下册第 一 单元知识点.docx

Section A1. What s the matter 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ ' mæt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you = Whats the trouble with you = What s wrong with you 你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词 ， wrong 是adj. 不能加the【2013自贡3】18. Whats the matter _ Tom. He is wet through. His car ran _ the river. A.with; in B.to; into C.with; into【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么费事、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即： Whats the matter with sb. = Whats your trouble = Whats up = What happens to sb. Whats the matter with you I have a bad cold.( ) Whats _ with you A. trouble B. the matter C. the wrong D. matter( ) _ Nothing serious , but a bit tired. Better have a rest now, dear. A. Is that all B. Is there anything else C. Whats this D. Whats the matter with you【2013湖北孝感】_ I have a headache and I dont feel like eating anything. A. How are you B. What can I do for you C. Whats the matter with you D. How do you like it【2011云南昆明】27. Whats the matter with Tina _. A. She is away. B. She is cool. C. She has a sore throat. D. She should take some medicine【拓展】matter的用法(1) It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来答复别人致歉时的用语） ( ) Im sorry to break your pen. _ A. Thats right B. It doesnt matter C. Thank you【2013江苏徐州】3. Please don't throw paper on the ground. _，I won't. A. Excuse me B. That's all right C. Sorry D. It doesn't matter【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】17.I have a pain in my back. _ . Youd better see a doctor. A. Im sorry to hear that B. Nothing serious C. It doesnt matter【2013湖北武汉】39. Im very sorry. I broke your tea cup. _. A. It doesnt matter B. Youd better not C. Take it easy D. Its too bad 【2013四川广安】26Sorry, I'm late again _. AThats OK BIt doesn't matter CGood idea(2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 事实上2. I have a cold 我感冒了 I have a stomachache 我患胃痛 I have a sore back. 我背痛。【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛Mikes sister _(not have) a stomachache.【2012曲靖中考】I didnt sleep well last night, because I _ a toothache . A. was B. went C. had D. took【2013山东莱芜】Tony, Whats _ matter with you I have _ toothache. A. a; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /【解析2】back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 归还【解析3】3. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 V 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发4. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。【解析1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不行数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词Its much too cold in winter.( ) Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too【2013孝感】Why are you so tired these days Well, I have _ homework to do. A. too much B. too manyC. much tooD. many too 【2013广西玉林】 The meat is _ delicious. Yes, but dont eat _. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much ; much too D. much too; much too【解析2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 特别，相当” 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.( ) The boy isnt _ to dress himself. A. old enough B. enough old C. old( ) What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English I think its _ , but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful; enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored【2013绥化3】26. How do you like the talk show I think its _, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring5. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】with ：prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 She is a girl with long hair. with （反） without( ) He has a sore throat . He should _. A. see a dentist B. drink hot tea with honey C. drink a lot of milk D. eat nothing【2010宁夏1】25. Would you like some coffee Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _ milk. A. with B. to C. of D. on【2013达州3】15. Which would you prefer, coffee or orange juice Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _milk in it. A.are, with B. is, to C .is, with D. are, to 【2013连云港】30. I'd like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie I prefer coffee _ sugar. A. than B. for C. with D. to prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“运用某种工具” Cut it with a knife.6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。【解析1】see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生【解析2】X-ray/'eks rei/n. X 射线；X 光 【2011湖南湘西】You are ill. You had better _ the doctor right now. A. look at B. see C. watch【2012四川成都】33. Where did you go yesterday, Rick I went to see a _ because I had a cold. A. teacher B. doctor C. reporter 7. What should she do她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature我应当量一下体温吗？【解析1】should “应当” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldnt 不应当 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. .You shouldnt go out at night.你晚上不应当出去。 You should _ (lie) down and rest. ( ) You _ be quiet when you are in the reading room. A. should B. shouldnt C. can D. cant 【2013重庆】30Hurry up，or you _catch the train Acant Bneednt Cmustn't D. shouldnt【2013山西】21. A country has dreams. We teenagers _ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created. A. may B. must C. should 【2013安徽】You _ drive your car so fast. Its very dangerous. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mightnt【解析2】take ones temperature 量体温8. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever. 不须要， 听起来你不像发烧了。【解析1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像【解析2】fever/ 'fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧 You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你须要休息一下，远离电脑。9. You need to take break away from the computer.你须要远离电脑，休息休息。【解析】need v 须要 用于确定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 须要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人须要做某事 Do you need to drink more water (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. I need _(come) to the office quickly because some work need _(finish) at once.( ) David needs _ a good rest. A. has B. to have C. have D. having用于否认句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句确定答复用 ( ) Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao No, you _ .You may give it to me tomorrow. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not ( ) You dont have to go to bed too late at night. A. cant B. shouldnt C. neednt D. would like to【2013湖南邵阳】27.Must I hand it in today No. you _ .You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't【2013广东广州】20.Must I finish my homework now No, you _. You can go home now. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant 【2013湖南娄底】25. Must I start now No, you_ A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿态纹丝不动地坐得太久了。【解析】without doing sth.without doing sth没有做某事、没做某事 I let the day away without doing anything at all. 我一点事也没干就让一天过去了。 The storm passed off without doing much damage.暴风雨过去了，没有造成多大灾难。10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 假如你的头和颈项明天还疼的话， 就去看医生。【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈；颈项neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌【解析2】hurt /h3：(r)t/ v. (hurt /h3：(r)t/) (使痛 ；受伤) 表示肉体感到难受或不适，运用时应用难受的详细部位作主语。 My leg hurts.11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在公路上。【解析1】along/ down 一样点： prep “顺着；沿着” 不同点：along 强调顺着程度方向 down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”【2012江苏南京】 My father has habit(习惯) of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning . A. between B. along C. over【2011襄阳】29.- Would you mind turning _ the light Its too dark here. - OK. Wait a minute, please. A. over B. on C. off D. down【解析2】see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或常常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【2012四川雅安市1】17. Andy prefers _ books to _ TV. A. reading; watching B. read; watch C. looking; seeing D. look; see【2013湖北黄石4】Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once. A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺 lie lay lain v 躺下，(如今分词lying ). lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. 公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，坚决果断的停下了车。【解析】24-year-old 24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名 词用单数。( ) Tom,_ boy, is the only child of the family. A. a five years old B. a five-year-old C. a five-year-olds本文说的five-year-old的意思是“五岁大的”，其中的five只是我们随意举的一个例子，它也可换成one, two, three, four, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve等；同时，其中的year也可依据状况改用month, day等词。本文拟这类构造的用法作一小结，同时也对其相关用法作一归纳。一、根本用法1.用作形容词My four-year-old daughter was asleep on the sofa. 我四岁的女儿在沙发上睡着了。Mary drove. Her ten-year-old daughter sat behind. 玛丽开车，她十岁的女儿坐在后面。Their five-year-old son is able to use the calendar to count how many days it is until his birthday. 他们五岁的儿子能用日历数出离他的生日还有多少天。In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found alive. 在这次车祸中，母亲死了，但是她两岁的儿子却还活着。2.用作名词A seven-year-old should be able to read. 七岁的儿童应当识字了。Shes quite clever for a ten-year-old. 对一个10岁的孩子来说，她算相当聪慧了。Tim has an average vocabulary for a 3-year-old. 蒂姆驾驭了相当于3岁孩子的平均词汇(量)。二、用法联想1. five-year-old中的year可用复数吗不行以。five-year-old这类构造中的year只能用单数，不能用复数。如：她的两岁的儿子摇摇摆摆地走进屋里。误：Her two-years-old son toddled into the room.正：Her two-year-old son toddled into the room.2. five-year-old中的连字符可以去掉吗不行以。若去掉，则要转换表达方式。如：She has a ten-year-old son. 她有个10岁的儿子。She has a son ten years old. 她有个10岁的儿子。Her son is ten years old. 她儿子10岁。3. five-year-old可用作表语吗？不行以。若要用作表语，可考虑改用five years old之类的表达。如：她20岁，但却嫁了一个50岁的丈夫。误：She was twenty-year-old, but married a man of fifty.正：She was twenty years old, but married a man of fifty.4. five-year-old前用a还是an？five-year-old前若须要用不定冠词，要用a，不能用an。但是，若将其中的five改为eight, eleven, eighteen, eighty等，则其前要用an，不用a尤其是当它们以8, 11, 18, 80这样的数字出现时更要引起留意。如：He has an 11-year-old daughter. 他有一个11岁大的女儿。He married an 18-year - old American girl. 他娶了一个18岁的美国女孩。5. five-year-old用作名词时可以有复数形式吗？可以。five-year-old这类构造用作名词时，若语法上须要用复数，可以在词尾加-s。如：Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote. 年满十八岁者有选举权The report attacks the idea of exams for 7- and 8-year-olds. 这份报道鞭挞了对七八岁孩子进展考试的设想。Even ten-year-olds have started wearing lipstick and make-up in imitation of the older girls. 甚至连10来岁的女孩子们也开场仿照年龄大一点的女孩子开场抹口红和化装。( ) My brother has a _ son. A. four-years-old B. fourth-year-old C. four-year-old D. four-year-olds【2013黑龙江绥化】She is a _ girl with two big eyes. A. Six-years- old B. six-year - old C. Six years old13. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。【解析】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车【2012江苏徐州】 Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克制；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 【2013山东滨州4】32. So many problems! Im tired. You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get over 【2013新疆乌鲁木齐2】27. If Ted can _ his difficulties, hell make great progress.A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他惊讶的是，全部的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。【解析】surprise s'praz v 使惊讶surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 surprised adj. 惊讶的 surprise sb 使某人惊讶 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊异 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊异 Surprise n 惊异” to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 _(使我惊讶的是），he got the first prize in the exam.We are _at the _news.(surprise) ( ) _his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.A. At B. To C. In D. On【2011昭通】I was very surprised when the alien went into a souvenir shop. A. excited B. amazing C. relaxing D. amazed【2012山东东营市4】19. The fans were _ to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston. A. gladB.angry C. excitedD. surprised【2013枣庄】88. I got home for my birthday from my college on Friday evening. No one was at home, and Mom and Dad hadnt left me a note. This made me _. A. surprised B. happy C. angry D. excited