七年级上册英语阅读理解及复习资料.docx

初一英语阅读理解技巧在做英语阅读时，首先通读全文，不要被某个或某些自己不熟悉的单词所困扰，了解大概意思。然后看问题，带着问题精读全文，同时选择答案，必要时用排除法，注意，文章中一般都会有答案，有的可以直接找到，英美人并不愿意把问题弄得太深奥，不必想得太复杂，很多都是直接了当的，千万别自己发挥想象。但不得不说，平时多积累词汇量的话，答题可能就会主动一些，有把握一些。一、初中阅读理解考查的主要内容。首先，初中英语试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。最后，从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。此类猜测词义的题目，要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。此类题目主要考查的是句及句之间，段及段之间的逻辑关系。(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题思想，标题或目的。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。二、阅读理解题的解题技巧。明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。1.获取段落的主旨和大意。最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：1)表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。2)句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。3)段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：1)主题句在段首。这种情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。2)主题句在段末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。2.根据上下文猜测词义。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：根据定义或解释猜测词义；根据并列、同位关系猜测词义；根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。3、确定细节和事实。在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想及细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。4.进行合理推断。所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。七年级上册英语阅读理解及答案（一）Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things hoem for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them.Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk.We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is""It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry.""Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back.""We can't ".said my sistter."Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!"1.The writer and Mary didn't know_.A.what Zip's first present wasB.how Zip carried its first present homeC.who owned Zip's first presentD.what Zip's first present was made of2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog"because _.A.the dog likes keeping thingsB.the dog likes playing with shoesC.he doesn't know the dog's nameD.he can't pronounce the word "sheep"well3.What made the shoe strange was _.A.its colour B.its smellC.its size D.that it was a silk one4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_"A.keeping things for itselfB.bringing things for other to keepC.not letting it run aboutD.taking care of a small child5.We can know from the reading that the dog _.A. likes to give presents to peopleB.has been kept in at the writer's homeC.has brought some troubleD.likes to be called "the keep dog"（二）An old lady in a plane had a blanket（毯子）over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before , and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again !”Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I dont like planes and I am never going to fly again. But Ill say one thing, ”She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”1. An old lady had _ .A. glasses B. a blanket over her head C. a coat D. a basket2. A. She didnt want to _ .A. take it off B. turn it off C. get on D. talk about it3. _ spoke to her .A. The air hostess B. The man next to her C. her husband D. one of her friends4. The old lady had never been _ before .A. abroad B. home C. in a plane D. in hospital5. The woman didnt like planes and she was never going _ .A. to fly again B. to travel C. to go abroad D. to go home（三）Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, "I'm going to fly to New York next week because I've got some work there." "Where are you going to stay there" his wife asked. "I don't know yet." Dick answered. "Please send me your address from there in a telegram (电报)," his wife said. "All right," Dick answered.He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.In the evening he didn't have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said, "Now I'm going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner."He found a taxi (出租车) and the driver said, "Where do you want to go" But Dick didn't remember the name and address of his hotel."Which hotel are my things in" he said, "And what am I going to do tonight" But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, "Please send me my address at this post office."Choose the right answer1. Dick flew to New York because _.A. he went there for a holidayB. he had work thereC. he went there for sightseeing (观光)D. his home was there2. Why did his wife want a telegram from himA. Because she didn't know his address yetB. Because she wanted to go to New York, tooC. Because she might send him another telegramD. Because she couldn't leave her husband by himself in New York3. Where did Dick stay in New YorkA. In the center of the city.B. In a hotel.C. In a restaurant.D. At his friend's house.4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotelA. The manager (经理) of his hotel.B. The police office.C. The taxi driver.D. His wife.5. Which of the following is not trueA. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city.B. Dick didn't work on the first night of his arrival.C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.D. Dick wanted to go back to his hotel in a taxi.（四）Bob and Jim once worked in the same factory. One day, Bob lent Jim ten dollars, but then Jim left his work and went to work in another town without paying back the money.Bob didn't see Jim for a year, and then he knew from another friend that Jim was in another town and staying at a hotel. So he went there to see him late in the evening.When he got to Jim's room, he saw his shoes near the door. "Well, he must be in," he thought, and knocked again, and said, "I know you are in, Jim. Your shoes are out here.""I've gone out in my boots," answered Jim.True or False1. Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.2. One day Jim borrowed ten dollars from Bob.3. Jim paid back the money to Bob and went to work in another town later.4. Bob hadn't seen Jim for a year when he learned that Jim was in another town.（五）I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morning. He is almost sick when my mother calls, "Herbert! It's seven o'clock! Get up!"Herbert answers, "I'm coming!" and goes right back to sleep. I'm not at all like my brother. I don't like to go to bed at night but I don't mind getting up in the morning. I usually wake up before my mother calls me. I jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a shower. I get dressed, brush my teeth, comb my hair, and get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls.But not Herbert. He just sleeps. A military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him up. I call him and say, "Get up! Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don't get up immediately!"But he just sleeps. After calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed. It's that way every day with my little brother. Perhaps some day he'll learn to get up on time, but I really don't think so.True or False1. The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school.2. I'm not like my brother because I like to go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning.3. I usually jump out of bed and go into the bathroom for a shower before my mother calls.4. When mother calls, Herbert doesn't answer and remains in bed.5. My mother often has to go upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up.6. Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up.7. The writer thinks some day Herbert will learn to get up on time.（六)In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.1. Why do people in England often talk about the weatherA. Because they may have four seasons in one dayB. Because they often have very good weatherC. Because the weather is warm just like in springD. Because the sky is sunny all day2. From the story we know that when _come, there is a heavy rain.A. sunshine and snow B. black cloudsC. summer and winter D. spring and autumn3. "People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too _in winter."A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because _.A. their friends ask them to do so B. it often rains in EnglandC. they are going to sell them D. they are their favourite things5. The best title (标题)for this passage is _.A. Bad Seasons B. Summer or WinterC. The Weather in England D. Strange English People（七）Mr Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, "if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea.""OK, Dad," said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn't remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, "Where is your father" The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, "No more."The man was very surprised. He asked, "No more I met your father last week. When did it happen""Burnt yesterday evening."1. Mr Brown told his son that _.A. he would be away from home for four daysB. he would be back in seven daysC. he would be back in a monthD. he liked a cup of tea2. Mr Brown wrote the words down on _.A. the wall B. the doorC. a piece of paper D. his son's pocket3. A man came to visit the boy's father on _.A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day4. The man was very surprised because _.A. he thought the child's father was deadB. the child didn't ask him to sit downC. the child gave him a cup of teaD. he couldn't find that piece of paper5. What was burnt _.A. The piece of paper B. Mr Smith C. The visitor D. The boy（八）One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples.1. "What's the matter" "I went to a party last night, so I"2. "I feel so tired these days."" I think you'd better"3."Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most"You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So "guessing "is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken English.1.This passage tells us mainly about _.A. the importance of "guessing " in learning a foreign languageB. how to guess what one is going to talk aboutC. some examples of right guessingD. how important it is to guess all the time2.from the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE I is _.A. " so I didn't have a good time." B. "so I went to bed very late."C. ". So I felt unhappy." D. " so I got up very early."3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is _.A. "I think you'd better have a good rest and take good care of yourself."B. "I think you'd better have something to drink."C. "I think you'd better get some help from your friends."D. "I think you'd better be more careful."4. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 3 is _.A. " she is one of the most f