新版仁爱英语八年级下册unit8-topic2知识点.docx

Unit 8 Our clothes Topic 2 We can design our own uniforms.重点句型。Section A 1.Our school plans to make uniforms for you. 学校安排给你们定做校服。plan to do sth. 安排做某事；A. uniform n. (尤指军人、学生或警察飞行员等的)制服；e.g. a school uniform 学校制服；B. clothes n. 通常指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等。它是复数名词，不能干脆与数词连用。e.g. She often wears beautiful clothes. 她常常穿美丽的衣服。C. clothing n. 是物质名词，服装的总称，除衣服外还包括帽子、鞋袜等。没有复数形式。一件衣服要说 an article of clothing。e.g. This shop sells womens clothing. 这家商店出售女士服装。D. dress n.作可数名词时，指一件女服，连衣裙。dress作不行数名词时，指某种特殊服装，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服。e.g. My sister is wearing a red dress. 我妹妹穿着一件红色连衣裙。 evening dress 晚礼服；2.Can you tell me what Miss Wang says 你能告知我王老师说了什么吗？本句为含有特殊疑问词what引导的宾语从句的复合句。拆散为两个简洁句看看其改变：(1) Can you tell me (2) What does Miss Wang say把特殊疑问句转为宾语从句的改变步骤：引导词：特殊疑问词(不能省略)；语序：陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”人称改变时态改变(第八单元三话题学习)e.g. Can you tell me Who are you waiting for Can you tell me who you are waiting for 你能告知我你在等谁吗？3.I like to wear my own clothes because school uniforms will look ugly on us. 我喜爱穿自己的衣服，因为校服穿在身上会很难看。look ugly on us 穿在我们身上会很难看；留意：on sb.穿在某人身上，in sth.穿着某件衣服。e.g. She was all in black. 她穿着一身黑。 The dress looks very nice on her. 那件礼服穿在她身上特别美丽。4.It depends on who will design our uniforms. 那取决于谁设计我们的校服。depend on/upon sb./sth. 意为“依靠”，依靠；取决于；由确定。e.g. You shouldn't always depend on your parents.你不能总是依靠父母。5.Its true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline. 得体的校服确实能展示我们良好的风纪。1）本句是一个用it作形式主语的复合句，真正的主语是that从句，类似的用法还有：It is necessary/important/ well-known/possible/wonderful that . 意为“是必要的/重要的/众所周知的/可能的/极好的”。e.g. It is necessary that we drink enough water every day. 每天喝足够的水是很有必要的。2） suitable adj. 适宜的，合适的；show good discipline 展示良好的风纪；A. show sth. 意为“展示某物”。 e.g. Please show your ID card. 请出示你的身份证。 B. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“把指给看；出示”。  e.g. Jackie showed her the passport. 杰基向她出示了护照。 C. show sb. around/ round意为“带某人参观”。e.g. I'll show you around/ round the school. 我会带你到学校四处看看。6.I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。      agree with意为“同意”。 表示与某人的观点一样用agree with sb.。e.g. He agrees with me. 他同意我的意见。     7.Could you tell me when you wear your uniforms 你能告知我你们什么时候穿制服吗？A. when 引导宾语从句时译为“什么时候”。e.g. I dont know when he will come. 我不知道他什么时候会来。（宾语从句）B. when 引导时间状语从句时译为“当······时”。如：e.g. Patients can find us easily when they are in need. 当病人有须要时，他们可以很简洁地找到我们。（时间状语从句）8.We usually wear uniforms when we are at work, but sometimes we wear plain clothes to carry out special tasks. 我们通常上班期间穿制服，但有时候穿便装执行特殊任务。wear uniforms 穿制服；at work（人）在工作，（机器）在运转；e.g. They are at work. 他们在工作。 The machines are not at work. 这些机器没有在运转。plain clothes 便装；carry out 执行，施行；special tasks 特殊任务；9.And our uniforms may stop some people from doing bad things. 我们的制服可以阻挡一些人干坏事。 1）A. stop . from doing sth. = keep . from doing sth. 阻挡，防止······干某事；e.g. You cant stop people from saying what they think. 你无法阻挡人们说出自己的想法。 Her parents tried to stop her from seeing him. 她父母试图阻挡她与他见面。 B. stop doing sth. 停顿做某事（停顿正在做的事情）；e.g. Suddenly everyone stopped talking. 突然每个人都停下来不说话了。 C. stop to do sth. 停下（正在做的事）去做（另一件事）；e.g. We stopped to take pictures. 我们停下来去照相。2）bad things意为“坏事”。 e.g.  Mother asks me not to do bad things. 妈妈让我不要做坏事。Section B 1.Could you tell me what I should wear here 你能告知我在这里该穿什么吗？what I should wear是由what引导的宾语从句，在句中作宾语，意为“我应当穿什么”。宾语从句除了由that, whether引导外，还可以由疑问词引导，并用陈述语序。e.g. Could you tell me where the special shoes are 你能告知我专用的鞋子在哪里吗？2.You should take off your shoes when you enter someones home in Japan. 在日本，当你进入别人家里时应当脱鞋。A. take off 意为“脱下(衣服)，摘掉”，接代词时应置于take off之间，反义短语为put on.e.g. to take off your hat/glasses 摘掉帽子/摘下眼镜； to take it/them off 把它/它们脱下；B. take off 意为“(飞机等) 起飞”。e.g. The plane will take off in ten minutes.飞机将在10分钟后起飞。3.It is important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion. 在每一个场合穿的得体是很重要的。1）本句型为：It is +adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. ，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth. ，意为“（对于某人来说）做.是.的”。可以与It is +adj.+that . 句型转换。e.g. It is important for us to take care of the environment. =It is important that we should take care of the environment. 对我们来说，爱护环境很重要。2） on every occasion 在每一个场合，occasion为可数名词。4.In the last picture, we see it's necessary for us to wear sports shoes on the playground, or we may hurt ourselves as Kangkang did.  在最终一幅图片中，我们可以看到在运动场穿运动鞋是有必要的，不然我们就会像康康那样弄伤我们自己。1）  A.  hurt v. 意为“使（身体）受伤”，是及物动词。  hurt oneself 伤到某人自己e.g. He fell off his bike and hurt his leg. 他从自行车上摔下来，腿受伤了。     B. hurt v. 意为“难受”，为不及物动词。     e.g. My head hurts. 我头痛。       C. hurt adj. 意为“受伤的”。 be/get hurt  受伤e.g. Be careful not to get hurt. 当心不要受伤。 2）A . or 在本句是连词，意为“否则，要不然”。e.g. Hurry up, or you will be late. 赶快，否则你就要迟到了。 You had better wear sports shoes on the playground, or you may hurt yourself. 在操场上你最好穿运动鞋，否则你会弄伤你自己。B. or 还可以表示选择，意为“或，或者，还是”e.g. Which do you prefer, white or black 你更喜爱哪种颜色，白色还是黑色？Section C1.Firefighters wear special coats and helmets to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings. 消防人员穿特殊服装与戴头盔是为了爱护他们自己免受高温与坠落的天花板的损害。1）此句的“to + 动词原形”意为“为了” 是动词不定式作目的状语的用法。e.g. I will go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall. 我到北京去是为了参观长城。2）protect. from. 爱护免受的损害；e.g. We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun. 我们戴太阳镜是为了爱护眼睛免受阳光的损害。2.When officials dress in their official uniforms, they look important. 当官员穿上制服，他们看起来很庄重。A. dress n. 连衣裙，衣服；e.g. a long white dress白色的长连衣裙； to wear casual/formal dress穿便服/礼服； B. dress v. 穿衣服，常用构造：dress sb.(in sth.) 给(某人)穿衣服； e.g. She dressed herself and the children in their best clothes. 她给自己与孩子们都穿上最美丽的衣服。P.S.: wear, put on均可表示“穿衣”，但wear表示穿的状态，put on表示穿的动作。3.When we see airline pilots wearing uniforms at the airport,we believe that they know how to fly the plane. 当我们在机场看见航空公司飞行员穿着制服时，我们信任他们知道怎样驾驶飞机。1）when引导一个时间状语从句，在主句中又包含了由that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中有一个how to fly.的“疑问词+动词不定式”构造。2）wearing uniforms 如今分词作宾语补足语，修饰airline pilots。3）see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，表示动作正在进展。see sb. do sth.看见某人做过某事，强调动作的全过程。 e.g. I saw some children flying kites on the square. 我看见一群孩子在广场上放风筝。 I saw him go into the post office. 我看见他进了邮局。4.So it's necessary for us to know different uniforms in the daily life. 所以对于我们来说理解日常生活中的不同制服是有必要的。in the daily life 在日常生活中；e.g. We should learn how to take care of ourselves in the daily life. 我们应当学会在日常生活中照看自己。5.Whats more, we should choose different clothes in different seasons. 此外，在不同的季节，我们应当选择不同的衣服。Whats more 意为“而且，此外，更有甚者”。e.g. He can play chess, whats more, he is good at it. 他会下棋，而且还很擅长。6.She likes summer very much because she can wear different colorful clothes, such as shorts, T-shirts and dress. 她特别喜爱夏天，因为她可以穿不同种类的颜色艳丽的衣服，比方短裤、T恤与连衣裙。for example 用来举例说明某一论点或状况，其后接句子。e.g. You can do many sports here. For example, you can play tennis. 你在这儿可以做多种运动，例如你可以打网球。such as 用来列举同类事物，as后面不行加逗号，后面常接名词性短语。e.g. English are spoken in many countries, such as America and Canada. 很多国家都讲英语，例如美国与加拿大。Section D1. In fact, there are very few formal days, though there are some festivals such as Easter，Christmas, Halloween, and Thanksgiving Day. 虽然有像复活节、圣诞节、万圣节前夕与感恩节这样的节日，但事实上正式的节日还是很少的。 though是附属连词，引导让步状语从句，与连词but不能连用，但翻译时需译为“但是”。e.g. Though Australia is very large, the population is quite small.  虽然澳大利亚地域广袤，但人口却很少。 2. What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人们穿什么取决于他们的爱好。1） What people wear 在句中充当主语，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g. What we did is good for our health. 我们所做的一切对我们的身体有好处。2）depend on=depend upon 依靠，依靠，随确定，取决于；e.g. Whether we go swimming or not, it depends on you. 我们是否去游泳由你确定。3）句中的like是名词，意为“爱好，爱好”，反义词为dislike，通常用复数。e.g. We all have different likes and dislikes. 我们都各有不同的爱好。3. In winter, Canadian people wear coats, gloves, boots and hats the same as people in northern China do. 冬天，在加拿大，人们通常穿着外套、靴子、戴着手套与帽子。这与中国北方的穿着几乎一样。the same as 与一样，反义词短语：different from 与不同；e.g. Her coat is the same as mine. 她的外套与我一样。 English is different from Chinese. 英语不同于中文。4. People in Canada and the United States usually wear suits to work in offices, as well as for more formal occasions, just as people do in China. 加拿大人与美国人像中国人一样，不但在更正式的场合而且在办公室上班时通常也穿西服。 A. as well as 意为“除之外(也)，以及，不但而且”。（强调前者）e.g. They own a house in the city as well as a villa in the countryside. 他们在城里有一栋房子，在乡下还有一座别墅。I like dogs as well as cats. 除了喜爱猫，我还喜爱狗。B. as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前面主语的数保持一样。e.g. The teacher as well as the students was invited to the party. 不但他的学生而且这位老师也应邀参与了聚会。C. as well as 还可意为“与同样好”。He speaks English as well as you do. 他英语说的与你一样好。二重点词组。1.plan to do sth. 安排做某事； 2. Sth. look ugly on sb某物穿在某人身上会很难看；3.on sb.穿在某人身上； in sth.穿着某件衣服；4.depend on sb./sth.依靠，依靠；取决于； 5.suitable uniform 适宜的校服；5.show good discipline 展示良好的风纪； 6.agree with sb. 同意某人；6.at work（人）在工作，（机器）在运转；7.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事；8.plain clothes 便装； 9.carry out 执行，施行；10.special tasks 特殊任务； 11. in trouble 陷入困难，遇到费事；12.stop . from doing sth. = keep . from doing sth. 阻挡，防止干某事 13.a business suit西装； 14.take off脱下(衣服)，摘掉； (飞机等) 起飞15.sports clothes运动服； 16.on every occasion 在每一个场合；17.enter ones home 进入某人的家 18.special shoes专用的鞋子；19.wear suitable clothes 穿个适宜的衣服 20.dress correctly 穿着得体21.keep quiet保持宁静； 22.listen to the teacher听老师讲课；23.protect. from. 爱护免受的损害； 24.falling ceilings坠落的天花板；25.for different reasons 因为不同的缘由 26.get help from sb. 从某人那儿得到扶植；27.the spread of diseases疾病的传播； 28.in the daily life 在日常生活中；29.in ones opinion在某人看来； 30.Whats more 而且，此外，更有甚者；31.casual clothes休闲衣服； 32.in fact事实上；33.on special days 在特殊的日子 34.the same as 与一样；35.be different from 与不同； 36.as well as 除之外（也），三重点语法。一宾语从句（）疑问词引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导词由what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how 等连接词引导。e.g. Tell me what you want. 告知我你想要什么。 You may ask him when he comes. 你可以问问他什么时候来。 Do you know whom (who) he will invite 你知道他将会邀请谁吗？ I dont know whose book it is. 我不知道那是谁的书。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必需是陈述句语序，尤其要留意whether/if与wh-连接词引导的宾语从句的语序，即根据“主语+谓语”的语序。e.g. Is he good at English 他擅长英语吗？（一般疑问句，疑问句语序）Can you tell me if he is good at English 你能告知我他是否擅长英语吗？（宾语从句，陈述句语序）Why is winter colder than summer 为什么冬天比夏天冷？（特殊疑问句，疑问句语序）Do you know why winter is colder then summer 你知道为什么冬天为什么比夏天冷吗？（宾语从句，陈述句语序）二句型 It is +adj. + that 从句在英语中，假如一个句子作主语（即主语从句），由于主语（从句）较长，为了使句子平衡，通常把主语放在整个句子的后部，把“it”放在最前边作形式主语，即形成It is +adj. + that.句型。本话题中类似的句子有：e.g. It's true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.  得体的校服能展示出良好的纪律，确实是这样的。   Is it important that you wear uniforms at work 工作时穿制服很重要吗？ It is important that you wear suitable clothes on every occasion. 在每一个场合穿着得体是很重要的。 It is important that you show suitable clothes to each customer. 向每个客人举荐适宜的衣服是很重要的。P.S.：“It is +adj. + that 从句”句型有时可以用 It is +adj. + for sb.to do sth. 句型来改写。e.g. Its impossible that we finish it in half an hour. = Its impossible for us to finish it in half an hour. 半个小时内完成工作对于我们来说是不行能的。