人教版高中英语必修五复习资料.docx

人教版高中英语必修五复习资料Units 1-21. doubtdoubt是高考中高频考察词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：作动词时，假设为确定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，假设为否认句，那么通常用that引导。doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that .(毫无疑问构造。2021年高考对doubt考察还将集中在其后跟从句时连接词选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进展词义辨析。2. exposeexpose是新课标要求驾驭单词，应重点驾驭它义项及常见用法，特殊是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时留意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语用法。另外，being exposed to构造用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考察。 预料2021年命题方向为 exposed to 作状语和定语用法。3. absorbabsorb是新课标重点单词，重点驾驭其“汲取液体，热；汲取，理解学问词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于)用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能驾驭be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联络be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。4. apart fromapart from是常见介词短语，意为“除之外，考生应娴熟驾驭近义词和短语： except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预料2021年高考会在单项填空题中干脆考察或者会出如今阅读理解题中。5. availableavailable是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地模拟考试中出现频率极高，主要考点为：词义(可得到，可用)。 命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。用法。be available to意为“可利用，be available for意为“使可以享受某物;使买得起某物 , 要理解二者区分。预料2021年高考命题会以考察词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。6. consist ofconsist of是近几年高考高频考察短语。理解其词义“组成，构成。考察与其他近义词组用法异同点。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特殊留意consist of要用主动形式表达，不用系表构造。预料这一考点将成为2021年高考考察重点，特殊是用consisting of 作后置定语。7. break down由break构成动词短语是历年高考命题重点。考生必需明确break down几个常见义项，依据不同语境加以推断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们常见义项，因为命题时可能会对该短语干脆考察，也可在短文中考察对其意义理解。8. only+状语状语从句位于句首构成部分倒装这是考生必需娴熟驾驭句式之一，以往高考题中已屡次考察到。倒装句式有多种状况，该句式为日常交际中较常见一种。特殊提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。预料该句式是2021年高考命题考察重点。重要词汇拓展Unit 1 Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 完毕；推断出_ n. 结论 3. _ vt. 战胜；战胜；使受挫4. _ vt. 参与；出席；照看；护理_ n. 参与；出席；侍从；看护5. _ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭露6. _ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈_ vt.& n. 限制；支配 8. _ vt. 汲取；吸引；使用心 _adj. 被汲取；全神贯注9. _ adj. 严峻；严厉；猛烈characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10. _ vt. 宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11. _ vt. 吩咐；指示；训诲_ adj.有教化意义；有指导意义 _n.指导；指示；指令 _ n. 老师；讲师；指导员12. _ vt.&vi. 捐献；奉献；捐助_n.奉献；奉献13. _ adj. 有创建力；创建性；独创_n.创建；创作14. _ adj. 热忱；热心_ n. 热心；热忱15. _ adj.当心；慎重_n.当心；慎重；慎重16. _ vt. 回绝；不承受；丢弃；抛弃17. _ vt. 建立；构造；创立_n.建立；建筑；构造19. _ vt. 污染；弄脏_ n. 污染10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor12. contribute；contribution 13. creative；creation14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出结论3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end完毕5. _ .to .将和连接起来 6. _ from 除之外7. be _ with 对严格 8. lead _导致；通向 9. make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10. _ of view 看法；观点11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神贯注于13. _ into 调查14. be _ /_ 支持/反对forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against重点短语梳理 1. _ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它病源，也不理解它治疗方法。2. So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊惶老百姓死去。3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰·斯诺建议全部水源都要经过检测。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星运动才能说得清晰。1. Neither; nor 2. every time 3. be examined 4. Only if; did重点句型再现1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera.约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王。defeat意为“击败；战胜；使方案，盼望落空。 defeat, conquer与overcome三个词都含有“战胜、“击败意思。 defeat 指“赢得成功, 尤其指军事上成功, 如defeat the enemy(战胜敌人); conquer指“折服;战胜,尤其指获得对人、物或感情限制,如conquer nature折服自然；overcome指“战胜；压倒；抑制，尤其指“感情, 如overcome difficulties 抑制困难。【易混辨析】选词填空beat/defeat/conquer/winBy not working hard enough you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drumHe _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated defeated; conquered beating won defeat, beat与win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,战胜(对手),后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .战胜对手/国家/队I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能赛过你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。win也表示“战胜,赢得,但它宾语通常是竞赛、斗争、奖品或表敬重、崇拜之类意义词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得赛跑/战役/斗争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友情/奖赏高手过招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要扶植那些受到霍乱威逼一般百姓，他就感到很激昂。exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱。expose意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于日光、风雨等；受到风险；使面临。常见构造：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露be exposed to暴露于高手过招用expose适当形式填空In summer, _ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rock. 【答案】being exposed to exposing3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它病源，也不理解它治疗方法。cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；常用于cure sb. of .构造中。 cure, treat, heal与recovercure意为“治疗；治愈，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治，指治疗病人全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈伤口； 医治，指治好外伤或烧伤后部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那将改正他坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他如今已完全从重感冒中康复了。【易混辨析】完成句子Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia. 盘尼西林治好了他肺炎。After the accident, the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡车司机擦伤得到了治疗。The cut on his finger _ quickly.他手指上伤口很快愈合了。【答案】cured him ofwas treatedhealed高手过招4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内。suggest vt. 示意；说明(陈述语气)；建议suggest doing; suggest thatclauseHis attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他看法说明他对此一点也不感爱好。I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应当适应新状况。absorb意为“汲取；吸引；使用心；合并；吞并，常见构造：absorb ones attention 吸引某人留意力be absorbed in sth. 用心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所汲取 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪慧孩子驾驭学问很简单。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体汲取了。He is absorbed in his business. 他用心致志地处理事务。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall. 那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他们全神贯注地看着电视里表演，舍不得分开。【答案】Deeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching 高手过招6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而快速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。“影响；作用于，常常表示某种改变，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上改变。 affect, effect 与influenceaffect 与 effect 均可表示“影响，其区分是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时影响，着重指影响动作，可指一般意义影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不行数)，两者关系大致为：affecthave an effect on。留意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响，而表示“实现或“产生等。influence 表示“影响，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接或潜移默化影响。可用作及物动词或名词(通常不行数，但有时可与不定冠词连用)。【易混辨析】完成句子We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _ (对我们有干脆影响)what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. 【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame v. 责怪，指责；把归咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责怪某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责怪你玩忽职守。blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克马虎驾驶。be to blame (for) 应为承担责任；该为受责怪。留意：此处不能用被动语态。blame n. 抱怨，责怪；责任take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to blame B. is to the blamed C. are to be blamed D. is to blame【解析】选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校不好表现，除了杰克妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。.单词拼法 1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b_ me for my negligence(忽略大意).6. He finished his work in a _ (主动) way.7. We must try to _ (分析)the causes of the strike.8. He became _ (狂热) about classical music.9. He has _ (完成)the whole job already.10. Be _慎重 when you cross the street.【答案】1. engine 2. character 3. scientific 4. examined 5. blamed6.positive 7. analyse 8. enthusiastic 9. completed 10. cautiousII. 用括号内所给单词适当形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ (astonish) people in Broad Street.2. Dont drink _ (pollute) water, because it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come.4. There is a car _ (park) outside the house.5. We were _ (inspire) by the _ (inspire) news.6. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint)7. Thousands of _ (terrify) people died.【答案】1. astonished 2. polluted 3. invited 4. parked5. inspired；inspiring 6. disappointed 7. terrified III. 翻译句子1. 不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。(sunburn)2. 有组织旅行就是由某人或某机构组织旅行。3. 到了那时他才意识到造成损失有多大。4. 每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他妈妈。every time5. 正在建立那幢摩天大楼比去年建那幢还要高。【答案】1. Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused.4. He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom重要词汇拓展1. _ vt. 安排；分开_ adj. 别离_n. 别离；分开2. _ n. 冲突；冲突3. _ n. 描写；描绘 _ vt. 描写；描绘4. _ v.组成；一样_ n.一样性；连接性_adj.一样 5. _ vt.澄清；说明_ n.清晰；明晰；澄澈divide; divided; division 2. conflict 3. description; describe4. consist；consistence；consistent 5. clarify；clarity 重要词汇拓展6. _n.搜集；保藏品 _vt.& vi.搜集；募集7. _ n.便利；便利_ adj.便利；便利8. _ vt.使冲动；使胆战心惊_ adj.令人兴奋 9. _ n.欢乐；欢乐；喜悦；vt.使欢乐；使欣喜10. _ vt. 吸引；引起留意_ n.吸引; 吸引力；吸引人事物 _ adj.有吸引力；迷人11. _ adj.壮美；辉煌；极好12. _ n.塑像；雕像13. _ vt.筹备；支配；整理_ n.筹备；支配；整理14. _ n.错误；错误；过失6. collection；collect；collective 7. convenience；convenient8. thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9. delight；delighted；delightful10. attract; attraction; attractive 11. splendid 12. statue13. arrange；arrangement 14. error1. _ of 由组成2._ .into 把分成3. leave _ 遗漏；删掉4. _ down 捣毁；机器出故障；分解；垮掉5. _ to 提及；参考6. for _ 为了便利7. _ close to 接近；几乎8. take the _ of 代替；取代 9. break _ from 摆脱束缚；脱离1. consist 2. divide 3. out 4. break 5. refer6. convenience 7. come 8. place 9. away重点短语梳理 1. There is _ _ to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries.再也没有什么必要争辩为什么要用不同词去描绘这四个国家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.这三个国家发觉自己并没有通过斗争就和平统一起来了。3. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in London.这好像很惊奇：这位开展了共产主义人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。no need 2. found themselves united3. should have lived重点句型再现1. How many countries does the UK consist of英国是由几个国家部分组成？consist of 组成；构成；由组成(后接of，用于主动语态)Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时我们班有50个学生。【联想拓展】consist vi. 符合；并存；一样 与with连用Theory should consist with practice. 理论应与理论相一样。在于，存在于常与in连用The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient building. 威尼斯美在于其古建筑风格。【易混辨析】comprise, compose, constitute与make up 这一组动词都有“组成，包含意思，不过comprise和constitute是及物动词，要用主动形式；而compose和make up那么需后跟of, 用于系表构造中。Our companys product line comprises 2, 500 different items.我们公司消费线是由2500个不同组成部分构成。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临主要问题。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由老师和学生家长组成。 A car is made up of many different parts. 汽车由许多不同零部件组成。 用适当介词填空The United Nations Organization consists _ over 160 nations.Our greatest happiness consists _ serving the people.Health doesnt consist _ smoking.【答案】ofinwith2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发觉威尔士总是包括在内。refer to 查阅;参考If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory. 假如你想知道他 号码，你可以查 簿。谈到;提到The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 老战士谈到了长征时一些经验。 适用于;涉及These books refer to Asian problems. 这些书涉及亚洲问题。 把提交给;把托付给I dont want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor. 我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责医生。 使向请教;使求助于 I referred her to Tom for further information. 我让她到汤姆那儿去询问详情。 把归功于He referred his success to the good education he had had. 他把他成功归功于他所受良好教化。 认为起源于The invention of the papermaking is referred to China. 造纸术起源于中国。 用括号内所给短语适当形式填空 On Aids Day, the minister of the Health Department demanded the problems _ _ _ (refer to) paid special attention to.【答案】referred to (should) be 3. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰南部却不情愿组建结合王国，它别离出去并建立了自己政府。break away (from)突然逃掉或分开;断绝往来,脱离;改掉(旧习惯break down (机器、车辆等)坏了；(方案、会谈等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(安康、精神等)变坏；垮掉break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔break into 强行进入;突然起来;打断，插嘴break off 停顿讲话;暂停;休息;(使)折断break out (火灾、斗争等)突然发生或爆发break through 打破;抑制;折服;强行穿过/进入break up 解散;驱散;(学校等)放假;完毕;裂开;绝交用适当介词或副词填空Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel broke _ between them.The soldiers broke _ the enemys defence works.The school has broken _ for the holidays.Dad would occasionally break _ with a suggestion.Tom broke _ the door of our classroom last week.高手过招